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IKV PRESS RELEASES

  • JANUARY 2025: ETIAS WILL NOT BE APPLIED TO GREEN AND GREY PASSPORTS

    IKV Chairperson Ayhan Zeytinoğlu has made a statement to clarify allegations on need for special (green) and service (grey) passport holders to get a prior permission for their travels to the Schengen Area. Chairperson Zeytinoğlu has given information about European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS), the time the system will be operationalized and which country nationals will be affected.

    “First of all, let us clarify what ETIAS is and what EES is. It is expected European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS), which requires prior permission for nationals of countries traveling to the Schengen Area without a visa, to be operationalized in 2025. Nevertheless, the exact date has not yet been set. EU’s system of registration EES (Entry and Exit System) must be functional for ETIAS to be run. ETIAS will be implemented 6 months after the launch of EES. Although the date is not given, EES is expected to work in 2025.

    Nationals of the 60 countries who travel to the Schengen Area without a visa requirement will have to apply online before their travels. The permission which can be obtained online will be valid for 3 years (until the date of expiry in case of passports with date of expiry less than 3 years) and will allow permission-holders to enter the Schengen Area for short-term travel (90 days of stay within a 180-day period). Border officers will check whether entry requirements are met or not upon entry.

    For ETIAS to work, the transition to EES must first be completed. EES is an abbreviation for Entry-Exit. It is an IT system created to register third-country nationals traveling to the Schengen Area. The EES will register both visa and visa-free travellers each time they enter the EU’s external borders. The person’s name, the travel document, biometric data (fingerprint and facial image), place and date of entry and exit will be recorded. Refusals will also be recorded if entry is not authorized. The current system of manual stamping of passports will be phased out. Thus, the aim is to prevent document forgery, improve border security, further automate border crossings and detect unauthorized or overstayed visas.

    How will this situation be for Turkish nationals? Visa requirement continues for Turkish nationals holding regular passports (maroon-coloured). There is no change there. So, what is the situation for special (green) and service (grey) passport holders?

    According to the Regulation (EU) 2018/1240 establishing ETIAS, holders of diplomatic, service/official and special passports are not included in the Regulation. In short, there is no change for the holders of special (green) passports in their travels”.

    The list of countries needing to apply for prior permission while entering the Schengen Area in the scope of ETIAS is as follows:

    Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Georgia, Grenada, Guatemala, Honduras, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, Montenegro, Kiribati, Kosovo, North Macedonia, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Macau, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Mauritius, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and Grenadine, Samoa, Serbia, Seychelles, Singapore, Soloman Islands, South Korea, Taiwan, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United States, Uruguay and Venezuela.

    ETIAS will be applicable in 29 Schengen Member States and GASC (Greek Administration of Southern Cyprus) which is not a Schengen Member States but responsible for applying Schengen rules). These countries are:

    Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. 

  • OCTOBER 2024: “LACK OF PROGRESS IN THE EU PROCESS IS ALARMING”

    IKV Chairperson Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made statements on the European Commission 2024 Enlargement Package and Türkiye report which is published on 30th of October 2024. Chairperson Zeytinoğlu emphasised the steps that need to be taken to make progress in Türkiye's accession negotiations, which have been effectively frozen since 2018. Chairperson Zeytinoğlu said the following:

    “The European Commission published today its 2024 Enlargement Strategy Package and Candidate Country Reports. Every year the EU publishes reports analysing the progress of candidate countries towards membership based on the Copenhagen Criteria. In addition to Türkiye, these reports are being released for eight other candidate countries and one potential candidate. Montenegro and Serbia are currently making the most progress towards EU membership. Membership negotiations have already started for the other candidates, namely North Macedonia, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ukraine and Moldova. In Türkiye's case, the last chapter was opened in 2016. However, in 2018, the EU decided that no new chapters would be opened. Already in 2006, the Council had decided not to open eight chapters and not to close any chapters on the grounds that ships originating from Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus were not allowed into ports. In other words, even though we could open chapters, we could not close them. This situation has taken away the vision of membership. Although Türkiye accepts no alternative to full membership, we face significant challenges in achieving this goal. It is crucial that Türkiye revitalizes reforms to fulfil the Copenhagen Criteria. While this alone is not enough to revitalize the membership process, it is necessary for Türkiye to recapture the dynamism of the early 2000s, to take steps to resolve its problems in the areas of law, democracy and fundamental rights, and to increase foreign investment.”
     

    2024 Türkiye Report Announced

    IKV Chairperson Ayhan Zeytinoğlu evaluated the content of the 2024 Türkiye report as follows:

    The 2024 report is largely similar to previous reports. Rather than proposals to revitalize Türkiye's EU process, it examines Türkiye's status and progress in terms of EU membership criteria and acquis chapters. As part of the European Commission's clustering strategy, the rule of law, democracy, independence of the judiciary and fundamental rights are prioritised. There are criticisms that the EU's warnings on these issues have not been heeded and no progress has been made. It is stated that the March 2024 local elections were well organised and the will of the people was manifested.

    Türkiye is identified as a key partner and candidate country and the continuation of the Cyprus negotiations is emphasised as important for cooperation. It is noted that Türkiye is the EU's 5th largest trading partner and that cooperation on refugees continues in line with the 18 March 2016 declaration. In the area of foreign, security and defence policy, areas where Türkiye is at odds with EU priorities are pointed out. In this regard, especially in an increasingly tense geopolitical environment, it is crucial for Türkiye and the EU to overcome their differences and work in a more coordinated manner.

    Similarly, removing trade barriers and making digital and green transformation an integral part of the Türkiye-EU relationship will lead to gains for both sides. This requires a visionary approach and a strong political will to solve problems.

    As civil society and the business world, our role is to support the process as we have been doing for 60 years as IKV, to make recommendations to overcome the problems, to work with stakeholders in the EU for the improvement of Türkiye-EU relations and for Türkiye to take its rightful place in the EU, and to work together to ensure that Europe's achievements bring concrete benefits for the Turkish people.

    Although the term “backsliding”, which was frequently used in previous reports, does not appear in this report, it seems to have been replaced by “no progress”. Türkiye is found to have a functioning market economy and the tight monetary policy is recommended to continue. In the field of energy, it recommends increasing the share of renewable energy, updating the education system to meet the skills required by the labour market, removing non-tariff barriers contrary to the custom union and aligning with the EU services directive. Türkiye is reminded to align with the EU Common Customs Tariff on issues such as additional tariffs, which are seen as contrary to the customs union. Although it is stated that Türkiye is well prepared or has some level of preparedness in many of the chapters, it is added that no progress has been made in some of these areas.

    - The areas where Türkiye has a certain level of preparedness are listed as follows: Public administration reform, justice, freedom, security, fight against organised crime, public procurement, statistics, free movement of capital, competition, digital transformation and media, taxation, economic and monetary policy, social policy and employment, entrepreneurship and industrial policy, education and culture, transport, energy, environment and climate change, agriculture and rural development, food safety, veterinary and phytosanitary, fisheries, regional policy and structural instruments, fiscal and budgetary provisions, external economic relations, external, security and defence policy.

    - Türkiye is less well prepared in the following areas: market economy, resisting competitive pressures, financial control, free movement of goods, company law, intellectual property, financial services, consumer and health protection, science and research, customs union, trans-European networks.

    - Areas where Türkiye is at a very early stage or not prepared are: anti-corruption, freedom of expression, free movement of workers, services and the right to settle.

    - The areas where there has been no progress in the past year, regardless of the level of readiness, are listed as follows: Public administration reform, judiciary and fundamental rights, fight against corruption, freedom of expression, public procurement, financial control, free movement of workers, right of establishment and free movement of services, intellectual property, competition, taxation, social policy and employment, food safety, veterinary and phytosanitary health, financial and budgetary provisions, external, security and defence policy.

    It is a fact that Türkiye's market economy, growth rate and institutional alignment with the EU are far advanced compared to other candidate countries. However, the delay in taking the necessary reform steps in areas such as law, independence of the judiciary, freedom of expression and the fight against corruption has a negative impact on our EU process. In addition, the EU's attitude is far from being constructive on issues such as the Cyprus issue, which is unilaterally put before us by some EU members. However, for Türkiye, moving towards the EU criteria will strengthen the development thrust, improve our democracy and trigger investments that will reinforce green and digital transformation.”

    SEPTEMBER 2024: IKV CHAIRPERSON ZEYTİNOĞLU: “WHAT DOES IT MEAN FOR GERMANY TO REINTRODUCE BORDER CONTROLS?”

    IKV Chairperson Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement on Germany's launch of internal border controls. Chairperson Zeytinoğlu noted that the issue has also been on the agenda in Türkiye and has led to some common misunderstandings. Stressing the importance of clarifying this issue, Chairperson Zeytinoğlu said the following:

    “Last June, Germany announced that it would reintroduce border controls at its borders with Poland, the Czech Republic and Switzerland, taking advantage of an exception to the Schengen system. Now, as of 16 September 2024, it will start controls at the borders of its other border neighbours Belgium, the Netherlands, France, Luxembourg and Denmark. As is well known, the Schengen Area constitutes a free movement zone where internal border controls are lifted. According to the Schengen system, there must be some force majeure for the resumption of internal border controls. These may be due to a serious threat to internal security or public policy. They should be applied in exceptional circumstances and as a last resort. The measure must be proportionate and limited in duration. For now, the controls, which started on September 16, 2024, are expected to continue for six months. The controls, which started in June, expire at the end of December but can be extended. As for Germany's reasons, they are listed as follows: Security risks associated with irregular migration, smuggling, increasing illegal entries at the EU's external borders, dwindling accommodation opportunities for refugees, pressure on the asylum system, security challenges from terrorist groups in the Middle East. In Germany, the far-right AfD's significant increase in its share of the vote in both the European Parliament elections in June and in the state elections in the east of the country, as well as the significant vote share of the newly formed populist left-wing BSW party, have pushed coalition partners to take stricter measures, especially on irregular migration and asylum. The reintroduction of border controls is not the end of the Schengen Area. However, it points to serious problems regarding migration and asylum.”

    Chairperson Zeytinoğlu also emphasized the visa issue, which is a problem for Turkish citizens:

    “The regulation introduced by Germany means passport and ID checks at all border crossings. It is not a special case for Turkish citizens. However, officials have the right to refuse entry even if they have a visa. The German Embassy in Ankara said the checks will not affect the visa issuance process for Türkiye. However, the long waits and increasing rejection rates in the visa process pose a serious problem for Turkish citizens and especially businesspeople traveling to Germany and other Schengen Area countries. According to the figures, illegal border crossings increased by 33% in 2023, with Syria, Afghanistan and Turkish citizens at the top of the list. In Germany, where the approach to illegal immigration has already hardened, applications from Türkiye are treated with security concerns. However, this approach also blocks the path of citizens who are going to Germany for purposes such as education, conferences, business and trade. It also negatively affects relations. As Türkiye, it is important that we complete the remaining criteria in the visa liberalization process initiated with the EU and raise this issue before the EU and Member States.” 

    AUGUST 2024: IKV CHAIRPERSON ZEYTİNOĞLU: “WE ATTACH IMPORTANCE TO OUR FOREIGN MINISTER'S PARTICIPATION IN THE EU FOREIGN MINISTERS' MEETING AND LOOK FORWARD TO NEW STEPS”

    IKV Chairperson Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement on the participation of Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan in the Informal Meeting of EU Foreign Ministers to be held on 29 August 2024. Chairperson Zeytinoğlu emphasised the importance of Minister Fidan's participation in the Informal Meeting of Foreign Ministers after a 5-year hiatus for the functioning of the consultation mechanisms between Türkiye and the EU on security and regional issues.

     

    Chairperson Zeytinoğlu said the following:

     

    “We would like to emphasize that we attach importance to the participation of our Foreign Minister in the informal meeting of EU Foreign Ministers for the first time in five years and we expect new steps to be taken. It is crucial that Türkiye and the EU exchange views on issues of regional relevance and directly affecting European security. The report by the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and the European Commission, published in 2023, also recommended the participation of the Foreign Minister in the Informal Meetings of EU Foreign Ministers. In the agenda of the Hungarian Presidency, unlike the previous presidencies, a special section was devoted to relations with Türkiye. The emphasis was on developing strategic cooperation with Türkiye and enhancing political dialogue, considering Türkiye's status as a candidate country. Overcoming the objections of the GCASC and taking a step towards this is a positive development. The High-Level Trade Dialogue, which was also among the recommendations of the report, was launched in July. The steps to be taken in this way have started a momentum towards the revival of Türkiye-EU relations. But there is still no progress on important issues. For instance, the process of updating and modernising the customs union has not been launched since 2016. It is stuck on political obstacles and the Cyprus issue. Solutions are also needed in areas such as Schengen visa issues, the visa liberalisation process, migration and refugee issues. We expect these issues to be addressed at the Informal Meeting of Foreign Ministers. At a time of heightened geopolitical tensions and widespread conflicts, mutual exchange of information and views, cooperation and coordination on security and regional issues will create a confidence-building environment between Türkiye and the EU, which will also benefit the development of relations.” 

    AUGUST 2024: IKV CHAIRPERSON ZEYTİNOĞLU: “THE EU AI ACT HAS ENTERED INTO FORCE”

    IKV Chairperson Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement regarding the entry into force of the EU's Artificial Intelligence regulation. Chairperson Zeytinoğlu said the following:

    “The EU Artificial Intelligence regulation came into force on 1 August 2024. The most important aspect is that the EU is the first actor in the world to establish binding rules related to artificial intelligence. The EU's AI regulation analyses the risks and opportunities associated with using AI. It introduces measures specifically concerning individual rights and the health and safety of users. Accordingly, the use of artificial intelligence in the EU is examined under different categories depending on its risk. Some applications, such as social scoring AI, systems that manipulate human behaviour, emotion recognition systems, and remote biometric identification for predictive policing, are banned due to violations of fundamental rights. Strict rules are also applied to specific systems used in health, recruitment, and credit application assessments. In such high-risk applications, requirements such as risk prevention systems, high quality data sets, user information, human control, and rules on cyber security are introduced. For AI applications like chatbots used in online shopping, users must be warned that they are interacting with a machine. When video, photo or voice is manipulated with “deep fake” technology, it must be reported, and users must be informed when biometric data-based classification or emotion recognition and detection systems are used. Applications like spam filters or video games are considered low-risk and do not have specific conditions.

    The AI Act also establishes rules for general-purpose AI models. Member States are responsible for implementing AI rules and will appoint national authorities to enforce market surveillance mechanisms by 2 August 2025. The European Commission's AI Office will be responsible at the EU level. The European AI Board will ensure the uniform application of the AI Act across all Member States. Violations of rules for high-risk AI applications can result in fines of up to 7% of global annual turnover. Provisions for AI with unacceptable risk will be enforced within six months, rules for general-purpose AI models will apply within 12 months, and all other provisions will be in force by 2 August 2026. The European Commission has begun work to establish implementation guidelines for general-purpose AI model providers, with a consultation process involving all NGOs, companies, and experts. The guidelines are expected to be finalized by April 2025.”

    IKV Chairperson Ayhan Zeytinoğlu highlighted that the AI regulation, closely related to the EU's digital agenda, imposes significant obligations and emphasized the importance of updating Türkiye-EU relations and reviving the membership perspective in a period where the structure, norms, and rules of the EU Single Market are being rewritten. Chairperson Zeytinoğlu concluded his speech as follows:

    “Recently, President Erdoğan introduced the HIT-30 High Technology Investment Program, aiming to make Türkiye a hub for high-tech investments. This program aims to increase high-tech investments and the proportion of high-tech products in our exports. Promoting these goals is very important. At the same time, Türkiye's relationship with the EU process should not be forgotten. Becoming a centre for high-tech investments requires compliance with the most current norms and standards, including digitalization and artificial intelligence.”

    JULY 2024: IKV CHAIRPERSON ZEYTİNOĞLU: “THE EU TO SIGN ITS FIRST DIGITAL TRADE AGREEMENT WITH SINGAPORE”

    IKV Chairperson Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement highlighting the importance of the agreement with Singapore, which is the EU’s first digital trade agreement. Chairperson Zeytinoğlu said:

    “With the completion of negotiations between the EU and Singapore, the EU is signing its first digital trade agreement with Singapore. This is a significant development for the direction of global trade and also demonstrates the course of the EU’s digital agenda. Global data shows that digital services trade has increased fourfold between 2005- 2022, surpassing 3.3 trillion dollars. This rapidly growing area now constitutes 12% of world trade and is increasing faster than goods trade, accounting for 54% of services trade. By digital trade, we mean all international trade ordered and/or delivered digitally. In addition to emphasising digital connections, it also provides new opportunities, especially for SMEs and small producers. An important aspect of digital trade lies in the rules of digital data exchange. Until now, there has not been a global set of rules regulating this issue; therefore, these rules have been addressed within bilateral or regional trade agreements. By the end of 2022, there were 116 trade agreements with digital trade provisions, with about 44% of all agreements containing a section or article related to digital trade or e-commerce. The agreement with Singapore, which has completed negotiations, will complement the FTA dated 2019. The next step will be the signing and approval procedure. The aim is to connect the two economies better, provide new opportunities for businesses, establish rules that protect consumers, and ensure predictability and legal certainty. This way, it is expected to open up digital trade further, make it more secure, and remove unnecessary barriers. The EU attaches importance to integrating digital trade into its agreements with global partners. Besides this first digital agreement, FTAs with the United Kingdom, Chile, and New Zealand include digital trade chapters. Additionally, there is a cross-border data flow agreement with Japan. The EU is the world’s largest importer and exporter of digitally delivered services. According to 2022 data, 55% of the EU’s service trade was conducted digitally, creating a value of 1.3 trillion euros within EU trade. More than half of the trade between the EU and Singapore is being conducted digitally.”

    Chairperson Zeytinoğlu emphasised the importance of this issue for Türkiye and stated:

    “The modernisation of the Customs Union with the EU is becoming more urgent for Türkiye day by day. Digital trade is also a subject that is not currently regulated in our trade relationship. Although Türkiye has complied with the EU’s data protection regulation during the visa liberalisation process, the need for reform arises again as the rules in the EU change. As of 17 February 2024, the Digital Services Act regulating digital services in the EU has come into force. Türkiye-EU relations have dragged behind these developments. The relations need to be updated to include regulatory alignment, starting with trade. We have been discussing the modernisation of the Customs Union since 2014, but it has still not been initiated due to political obstacles. In addition to a new Customs Union, the commercial relationship should include green and digital alliances, add sections on digital services trade to the agreement, or be supported by a separate agreement or a decision by the Association Council, as in the case of Singapore. Otherwise, as long as Türkiye-EU relations are not updated, the Customs Union will be an outdated agreement falling behind the developments in international trade.” 

    JULY 2024: IKV CHAIRPERSON ZEYTİNOĞLU: “URSULA VON DER LEYEN RE-ELECTED AS PRESIDENT OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION”

    IKV Chairperson Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made statements about Ursula von der Leyen’s re-election as President of the European Commission for the second time. Chairperson Zeytinoğlu commented on the issues that von der Leyen will focus on in her new term and highlighted their importance for Türkiye:

    “President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen was re-elected as Commission President for a second term with 401 votes in the European Parliament elections. President Ursula von der Leyen played a significant role in the EU’s active stance during the COVID-19 period, the implementation of the European Green Deal, and the adoption of the new migration and asylum pact. In this respect, von der Leyen’s re-election with the support of central groups as the European People’s Party candidate is meaningful, especially for the continuation of the Green Deal. Von der Leyen announced that she will propose the ‘Clean Industrial Deal’ within the first 100 days of her tenure. Investments will be prioritized to transform the industry towards the decarbonization agenda. Additionally, the reform of the internal market, competitiveness, and defence will be among the key issues. In her speech at the European Parliament, Ursula von der Leyen repeated her support for Ukraine, called for a ceasefire in Gaza, and emphasized a two-state solution. In this regard, we see a shift from her previous stance of giving Israel a blank check to a more balanced position. An important development for Türkiye is that Ursula von der Leyen will appoint a Commissioner responsible for the Mediterranean Region. It will be a period to closely monitor as the EU becomes more active in a region where Türkiye has strategic priorities. The EU strategy for the agriculture and food sector, safer borders, the protection of democracy, and the rule of law are also among the issues Ursula von der Leyen will focus on. Regarding enlargement, von der Leyen stated that the Western Balkans, Ukraine, Moldova, and Georgia have chosen freedom and that enlargement will be handled based on merit. In terms of Türkiye-EU relations, the EU internal market, the Green Deal, clean industry, agricultural policy, and developments in defence present new areas of cooperation. However, von der Leyen’s deletion of Türkiye when mentioning candidate countries reveals her distant approach towards Türkiye. It is important to ensure Türkiye’s place on the EU agenda through diplomatic efforts and reforms. Furthermore, it is necessary to participate in platforms such as the European Political Community Summit, the fourth of which was recently held in the United Kingdom, as much as possible.”

    JULY 2024: IKV CHAIRPERSON ZEYTİNOĞLU: “HIGH-LEVEL TRADE DIALOGUE IS A POSITIVE STEP”

    IKV Chairperson Ayhan Zeytinoğlu highlighted the significance of the Türkiye-EU High-Level Dialogue on Trade meeting held in Brussels on 8 July 2024, considering it a positive step for the development of Türkiye-EU relations. IKV Chairperson Zeytinoğlu made the following remarks:

    “For the first time, a high-level dialogue meeting on trade between Türkiye and the EU was held. We consider the implementation of one of the recommendations from last year’s report, which proposed revitalizing Türkiye-EU relations, as a positive step. Prior to the dialogue meeting between our Minister of Trade Ömer Bolat and the European Commission’s Vice-President for Trade Valdis Dombrovskis, we, as IKV, participated in a roundtable meeting with business representatives from Europe. It is crucial that the trade dialogue progresses with the involvement of business organizations. The development of Türkiye-EU trade relations and the modernization of the Customs Union are supported by business organizations representing Türkiye and the EU. However, negotiations addressing the resolution of issues within the Customs Union and the addition of new areas have not started due to political obstacles. We hope that the initial High-Level Trade Dialogue will accelerate this process. Recent developments and changes in the EU market necessitate the adaptation of the Customs Union to these changes. The European Green Deal and the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, particularly, are setting the agenda regarding product standards, decarbonization, and transition to renewable energies. Additionally, we expect solutions to issues that hinder the proper functioning of the Customs Union. We hope for the initiation of a negotiation process that addresses topics such as the quotas imposed by Member States on TIR passages and compliance with FTAs signed by the EU. Furthermore, enhancing trade with the EU, which accounts for approximately 41% of Türkiye’s exports, in the areas of tertiary sector and agricultural products, and adapting to developments brought by digitalization will be important topics in this process. The role of Türkiye in the EU’s strategies to develop alternative trade networks to China and diversify supply chains to reduce risks is significant. Developing economic and trade relations with Türkiye, a reliable partner, will be a win-win formula for both sides.”

    MAY 2024: “TÜRKİYE IS IN SECOND PLACE IN TERMS OF THE NUMBER OF SCHENGEN VISA APPLICATIONS; TURKISH CITIZENS PAID €85 MILLION JUST FOR VISA APPLICATIONS”

    Schengen visa application process continues to be a problem. Increasing and deteriorating situation with delays and waiting periods, rejections made on null reasons, approvals coming after travel dates, issues in application processes, visas limited strictly with the travel dates impede intersocietal dimension of the EU-Türkiye relations. IKV Chairperson Ayhan Zeytinoğlu evaluated the issues through newly published 2023 Schengen statistics.

    “As IKV, we follow the Schengen visa process, which is one of the painful fields of the EU-Türkiye relations. We shared problems faced by Turkish citizens with the EU and convey our demands for a solution. Besides, we call for completion of the six remaining criteria as soon as possible in the visa liberalization process. According to 2023 Schengen visa statistics, Türkiye is the second country behind China in terms of number of Schengen visa applications with a total number of 1.055.885 applications. With these applications, 612.841 multiple entry Uniform Schengen Visas were given while the rejection rate was 21.7%. Average rate of rejection was 15.7% in 2022, which indicates 6 points of increase. Number of applications from Türkiye went up 36.5%.

    When we merely consider €80 fee for visa application, Turkish citizens paid 85€ million in 2023. The total cost increases up to an amount between €120 million and €150 million if spendings for banking, translation and notary procedures and additional fees for process acceleration are considered. This situation creates non-tariff barriers for citizens of Türkiye, which is a candidate country and an associate for the Customs Union.

     

    -The highest number of applications were received by Greece, Germany, France and Italy in 2023.

    -The rate of rejection was 21.7% with 6 points increase.

    -Estonia, Denmark, Finland and Belgium were the countries with the highest rejection rates.

    -The least rate of rejections belongs to Slovakia, Italy, Slovenia and Portugal.

     

    The details for approval and rejection rates of the countries as follows: The highest number of applications were received by Greece, Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Portugal, Hungary and Austria in order. Greece received 254.377 applications, and these applications were made in Greek missions in Istanbul, Edirne, İzmir and Ankara. The least rate of rejection was for the applications made in Edirne (2.3%) and İzmir (7.2%). Germany received 253.472 applications. Rejection rate for applications made in Ankara was 27.1%; 21.5% for İstanbul and 13.1% for İzmir. Estonia has the highest rate of rejection with 42.5%; Denmark with 39.4%; Finland with 31.3%; Belgium with 27.5%; Germany with 22%; Croatia with 21%; Spain with 20.8%; Czech Republic with 20.6%. Countries with the least rejection rates are listed as Slovakia with 6.6%; Italy with 8.7%; Slovenia with 10.92%; Portugal with 11.94%; France and Greece with 14.6%; Hungary with 14.9% and Sweden with 19.22%. 2023 rejection rates have not been announced by some countries such as the Netherlands, Norway and Poland. 

    MAY 2024: IKV CHAIRPERSON ZEYTİNOĞLU “WE HAVE BEEN EXPERIENCING AN EVER-GROWING NUMBER OF PROBLEMS AND BOTTLENECKS IN THE SCHENGEN VISA APPLICATION PROCESS”

    IKV Chairperson Ayhan Zeytinoğlu issued a statement regarding the difficulties and obstacles experienced during the Schengen visa application process especially for businesspeople and truck drivers. Chairperson Zeytinoğlu noted the severity of the issue and explained the problems caused by delays and bottlenecks in the process:

    “Since last year we have been experiencing an ever-growing number of problems and bottlenecks in the Schengen visa application process. Especially for businesspeople who wish to travel to the Schengen area for business purposes such as participating in a fair or engaging in a business meeting, it has become harder to get appointments in time to be able to take part in these activities. The waiting period may be more than 2 months which makes business planning very difficult. We also receive many complaints about the increasing number of refusals despite the presentation of valid documents. Even for businesspeople who have visited the Schengen area many times before, the period of validity is quite short. The truck drivers’ problems have become even more acute. Due to failure to get a visa or renew their Schengen visas, the goods that need to be transported have to wait. This situation delays and prevents swift and effective transportation of goods from Türkiye to the EU. It creates a non-tariff barrier which creates disruption of the EU-Türkiye Customs Union. We expect that EU Member States and relevant institutions will take note of the matter and take steps to ease the process and facilitate visa applications. 

    APRIL 2024: IKV CHAIRPERSON ZEYTİNOĞLU: “REFORMS SHOULD BE PRIORITIZED AFTER LOCAL ELECTIONS”

    IKV Chairperson Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement after the local elections held on 31 March 2024 Sunday. Chairperson Zeytinoğlu highlighted the importance of the elections for local democracy and emphasized the importance of reforms in the post-election period. Chairperson Zeytinoğlu said the following:

    “We have entered a new era after the local elections. The elections were very lively and the success of women candidates in particular gave hope for the future of Türkiye. We congratulate all political parties and candidates who fought a democratic struggle and congratulate the new mayors and council members who won the elections. It is now crucial for Türkiye to accelerate economic and political reforms in the period ahead. As a rapidly growing and developing country, our country needs to continue its policies to fight inflation and support exports. Initiating the modernization of the Türkiye-EU customs union is critical for attracting more qualified foreign investment and adapting to green and digital transformations. In addition to these aspects, which are essential for increased stability and prosperity, the revitalization of Türkiye's EU process will contribute to strengthening its international position. Pushing Türkiye out of the EU enlargement process in line with the EU membership goal will lead to its exclusion from the new European structure. It is important to step up efforts both in this respect and in line with the EU membership goal. Primary, we can start with the fulfilment of the 6 criteria that have not yet been completed in the visa liberalization roadmap, which is one of the most prioritized agenda items in Türkiye-EU relations. 

    MARCH 2024: INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S DAY MESSAGE FROM IKV CHAIRPERSON ZEYTİNOĞLU

    IKV Chairperson Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement on the occasion of 8 March International Women's Day. Chairperson Zeytinoğlu said that 8 March International Women's Day is an important opportunity to address the situation of women and gender equality issues. Drawing attention especially to the issues of women’s employment and wage inequality, Chairperson Zeytinoğlu stated the following:

    “As we celebrate 8 March, International Women's Day, we once again remember that women's participation in social life, economy and politics is of great importance for achieving the goals of freedom, equality and sustainable development. Societies where women lack education, employment and participation in governance are doomed to remain backward. In terms of economic participation, Türkiye's female employment rate is still far below the EU average. In Türkiye, this rate is 30.4%, while the EU average is more than double that at 67.7%. The participation of our women in the labour force is of great importance for preventing informal employment and for women to discover their own talents and realize their life goals. Another important problem is the wage gap between working women and men. This rate ranges from 17.1% for higher education graduates, 14.5% for primary school graduates and 19.6% for high school graduates. We see that the EU average is 12.7%. Eliminating this discrimination against women is crucial for equality and efficiency. Gender equality needs to be a mainstream principle in all policies and a comprehensive strategy needs to be implemented to achieve it. The EU's gender equality strategy can be an important model in this respect. The strategy aims to achieve a Europe of equality by 2025. The strategy includes goals such as preventing gender-based violence, combating gender-based stereotypes, closing the gender gap in the labour market, eliminating wage inequality, and ensuring gender equality in decision-making processes and politics. As Türkiye, we must pay attention to these issues and prioritize goals for gender equality. Today we once again remember the words of the Great Leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. ‘Our women will have knowledge and science and will pass through all the educational steps that men pass through. Women will walk together with men in the life of society and will be each other's helpers and supporters.’”

    JANUARY 2024: WESTERN NATIONS SHOULD RECONSIDER THEIR DECISION TO PAUSE FUNDING FOR GAZA

    Several western nations including the USA, Britain, Canada, Australia, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Finland decided to freeze funding for the UNRWA, the UN Agency for relief and works in Palestine due to allegations regarding the participation by 12 members of staff to the October 7 Hamas attack. While such allegations should be swiftly investigated and all those who are proven to take part in this attack should be tried and convicted according to appropriate legal procedure, it should not impact on the UN aid for Palestine. The decision to freeze funding will only aggravate the humanitarian crisis in Gaza and Palestinian territories. We call on all those concerned countries to take action for an immediate ceasefire and to relieve the crisis for civilians living in Gaza.

    JANUARY 2024: "THE APPROVAL OF SWEDEN'S NATO MEMBERSHIP BY THE GRAND NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF TÜRKİYE IS A CRITICAL STEP FOR EUROPEAN SECURITY"

    IKV Chairperson Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement on the approval of the protocol regarding to Sweden's NATO membership by the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye (GNAT). Chairperson Zeytinoğlu emphasized the importance of overcoming the obstacles to the process, which has been ongoing since May 2022, both in terms of bilateral relations and European security. Chairperson Zeytinoğlu said the following:

    “Türkiye had legitimate concerns about Sweden's NATO membership. It was important that Sweden agreed Türkiye's security concerns and justified demands, especially in the fight against terrorism, and took steps in this direction. In addition, Sweden's NATO membership was at the forefront of talks with the US. At the NATO Summit, President Erdoğan gave the green light to Sweden's NATO membership with a surprise decision. Afterwards, the approval of Sweden's NATO membership became a matter of time. In this process, it was in keeping with the seriousness of international relations not to drag the issue out any longer. It was important both for NATO's deterrence and to counter the threat posed by Russia. Sweden undoubtedly does not have a great military power. But with a modern army and a strategic location in the Baltics, it is a significant partner for European security. It is a country that has warm relations with Türkiye going back to Charles XII, and that has been warmly welcoming Türkiye's membership in the EU, especially in the 2000s. It would be desirable to accelerate bilateral relations in political, cultural, and economic fields by overcoming the NATO barrier.”

    JANUARY 2024: JANUARY 2024: "“TÜRKİYE-ITALY RELATIONS ARE IMPORTANT FOR EUROPEAN SECURITY AFTER PRIME MINISTER MELONI'S VISIT”"

    IKV Chairperson Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made notable statements following the visit of Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni to President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Commenting on the visit, Chairperson Zeytinoğlu underlined the importance of Türkiye-Italy relations and emphasized the importance of cooperation on issues such as migration, security, energy as well as cultural interaction.
     

    Chairperson Zeytinoglu said the following:

    “Italian Prime Minister Meloni's visit to Türkiye is very important as we enter a critical year. Italy is an important actor in terms of the EU's role in the Ukraine conflict. Italy's role in EU decision-making is also crucial for continued support for Ukraine against Russia. There will be European Parliament elections this year. After the new EP takes office, the Presidents of two important institutions, the European Commission, and the European Council, will be elected. The US elections in November 2024 will then be decisive. If Trump is elected, serious problems could arise in the US-Europe relationship. A strong presence of far-right groups in the Parliament in the EP elections would be an extremely dangerous development for European politics. It would seriously complicate the EU's decision-making and legislative processes. It is in Türkiye's and Italy's mutual interest to end two major conflicts in the EU and Türkiye's neighbourhood. Italy's support for a halt to Israel's attack on Gaza, as this year's G7 President-in-Office, is parallel to Türkiye's position. Italy has also announced that it may send peacekeepers to the region. Italy and Türkiye need to work together to end the war that is spreading especially in the Middle East.”
     

    Italy is a Leading Economic Partner for Türkiye

    “With over 12 billion dollars of exports, Italy ranked 5th with 4.8% among the countries with the highest exports in the January-December 2023 period. There are more than 1500 companies with Italian capital in our country. In terms of investments, both the investments of Italian companies in Türkiye and the investments of Turkish companies in Italy create an important added value in terms of bilateral cooperation. Sectoral cooperation in renewable energy, circular economy, sustainable textiles, food, automotive, etc. can make a significant difference in Türkiye's alignment with the European Green Deal and digital Internal Market strategies. The process of updating the Customs Union between Türkiye and the EU is still on our agenda. Last year, a report by High Representative of the EU for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Josep Borrell and European Commissioner for Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Oliver Varhelyi, proposed to start the process of updating the customs union, subject to certain conditions. In this process, it will be useful to accelerate the cooperation process with Italy. Finally, we also ask for Italy's support in facilitating the Schengen visa process, which Turkish citizens suffer from. When we look at Italy's rejection rates, we see relatively more favourable results among EU countries. In the past years, 93% of the total applications were granted visas. However, it is necessary to speed up the appointment process and issue long-term visas, especially for business people, students, academics and members of civil society organizations. Increased cultural contacts would be extremely beneficial for the future of relations between the two countries and for the future of Europe.” 

  • NOVEMBER 2023: “EUROPEAN COMMISSION AND HIGH REPRESENTATIVE'S REPORT ON TÜRKİYE OFFERS DETAILED RECOMMENDATIONS, BUT OBSTACLES REMAIN ON SOME STRATEGIC ISSUES”

    The report on the future of Türkiye-EU relations, prepared by European Commissioner for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Olivér Várhelyi and High Representative of the EU for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Josep Borrell was announced today in Brussels. The report can be considered as a major rollback of the sanctions imposed by the EU against Türkiye in 2019 in relation to the drilling activities in the Eastern Mediterranean. In addition, progressive, proportionate, and reversible co-operation proposals in mutually beneficial areas are presented.

    IKV Chairperson Ayhan Zeytinoğlu stated the following regarding the report:

    “We were expecting concrete recommendations for the development and revitalisation of relations from the report published today and that is exactly what happened. We have seen that these are focussed on four areas in particular: "Trade, Foreign Policy, Migration and Mobility". It is clear from the report that the EU sees Türkiye as an important regional actor and an assertive foreign policy player. The approach here is to increase Türkiye's alignment with EU foreign policy and to enable it to contribute more to EU missions and operations. Türkiye’s non-participation in the measures against Russia and the prevention of exports of certain critical goods to Russia are again emphasised. Also promising are proposals to resume high-level dialogues on economic, political, energy and transport issues that were suspended in 2019, to reconvene the Association Council and to invite the Turkish Foreign Minister to informal foreign ministerial meetings. For visa liberalisation, it is stated that six criteria are still have not met, and visa facilitation is proposed for certain categories. If this can be implemented quickly, it can be considered as a positive proposal at least in terms of reducing the problems in the visa process. The most comprehensive area of the recommendations is the initiation of the modernisation process of the Customs Union. Although we see an increased willingness to initiate this process in the report, it is again associated with the GCASC issue and indexed to the resolution of existing trade barriers. We still expect a stronger will to emerge in this direction at the EU Leaders' Summit in December, where the report will be discussed, and that the GCASC issue will not be put in front of us as an obstacle.”

    NOVEMBER 2023: IKV CHAIRPERSON ZEYTİNOĞLU: “IT IS SAD THAT THERE IS NO PROGRESS; WHILE THE PROBLEMS CONTINUE, SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS ARE NOT INCLUDED IN THE COMMISSION REPORT"

    The European Commission published its 2023 Enlargement Strategy and annual reports for candidate countries. In this context, the Commission proposed the opening of accession negotiations for Ukraine, Moldova and Bosnia subject to the fulfilment of certain conditions, while Georgia was offered candidate status. The final decision will be taken by the European Council. The report prepared for Türkiye draws attention to significant regressions in the areas of political, economic and acquis alignment. The report, which also touches upon the Cyprus issue, states that Türkiye’s foreign policy alignment with the EU is at 10%. The report emphasises that harmonisation is good in areas such as corporate law, transport and taxation, but draws attention to important problems in the Copenhagen criteria.

    IKV Chairperson Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement about the subject and said:

    “Within the scope of the 2023 enlargement strategy, the opening of accession negotiations with Ukraine, Moldova and Bosnia-Herzegovina and the proposal to grant candidate status to Georgia are promising for the revival of the EU enlargement process. However, the lack of any revival in Türkiye's EU accession process and the fact that relations with Türkiye are indexed to the Cyprus problem are extremely thought-provoking. The EU's approach towards Türkiye appears to be exclusionary and does not offer a perspective for improving relations with Türkiye, except for the migration and refugee issues. While the report draws attention to the problems in Türkiye, it does not mention the obstacles in Türkiye's accession process due to the Cyprus issue, the problems caused by some member states and the shortcomings arising from the EU. In this framework, one of the most important things Türkiye needs to do is to take serious steps especially in the field of law, judiciary, fundamental rights and freedoms, and to revitalise the reform process. The criteria that the EU expects from candidate countries coincide with universal values. In that respect, progress in this direction will have positive results in terms of Türkiye's democratization, economic development, raising living standards and strengthening the country.”

    Green and Digital Agenda Proposal Between Türkiye and the EU

    Chairperson Zeytinoğlu stated that a separate report is being prepared, which is expected to include suggestions for the future of Türkiye-EU relations, and emphasized that this report, which will be prepared by the European Commission and the EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security, will be announced in the coming months. Chairperson Zeytinoğlu continued his speech as follows:

    “This year, upon the instruction of the EU Council, the European Commission and the EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security will prepare a separate report on the future of Türkiye-EU relations. We expect that there will be positive suggestions in this report. As IKV, our commitment to the goal of full EU membership continues. An alternative that would replace Türkiye's goal of full membership in the EU process is unthinkable. However, in order for the process towards this goal to be revived, conditions must change. As IKV, we had a proposal under the title of "Green and Digital Agenda" to prevent further deterioration in Türkiye-EU relations. This proposal aims to increase cooperation and harmonise Türkiye with the changing acquis, norms and standards in the European Green Deal and digitalisation processes, which are the EU's top priority areas and which have created significant changes in the internal market and the EU economy. It is of great importance that Türkiye and the EU can work together in these two areas, which are prioritized all over the world. The Türkiye-EU green and digital agenda could also be a saviour for the future relations".

    OCTOBER 2023: IKV CHAIRPERSON ZEYTİNOĞLU: “WE OBSERVE THAT PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR THE EU CONTINUES DESPITE ALL NEGATIVE DEVELOPMENTS”

    Economic Development Foundation shared the results of the "Public EU Support and European Perception Survey 2023", prepared by the Metropoll research company with the support of TİM. This survey, which reveals public perception of the EU and the level of support for EU membership, was conducted in September 2023 via face-to-face interviews with a total of 2102 respondents representing the population aged 18 and over in 23 cities across Türkiye, including İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir, Konya, Kocaeli, Manisa, Eskişehir, Bursa, Trabzon, Antalya, Mersin, Ağrı, Aydın, Çanakkale, Erzurum, Kırıkkale, Mardin, Samsun, Tekirdağ, Van, Kastamonu, Kayseri and Zonguldak.

    Public Support for EU Membership is 66%

    In his speech, IKV Chairperson Ayhan Zeytinoğlu drew attention to the importance of relations with the EU for Türkiye and said that Türkiye is a part of Europe and that its goal of EU membership continues, as well as its membership in institutions such as the Council of Europe, NATO, OECD and OSCE.

    Chairperson Zeytinoğlu summarized the results of the public opinion survey as follows:

    "Despite all the problems we have experienced in the EU process, we observe that public support for the EU continues. In this context, the public opinion survey, which we commissioned Metropoll Research Company with the support of TIM this year, was conducted through face-to-face interviews with 2102 people in 23 cities across the country. The support rate for Türkiye's EU membership is 66%. Compared to our survey conducted in 2019, we see an increase of 5 points here. While 45% of the survey participants think that Türkiye may become an EU member in the future, the reason for supporting EU membership for 69.1% is economic, and 47% support EU membership for progress in democracy and human rights. 44% expects to get travel and residence rights in the EU.

    When it comes to the obstacles to Türkiye's EU membership, 44% of the participants think that this is due to prejudices. While 41% find the problem in Türkiye's economic development level and economic situation, 34% see its performance in democracy and human rights as responsible. While 56% of the survey participants think that Türkiye has the necessary human resources and administrative capacity to become an EU member, 45% stated that the Customs Union is beneficial for the EU and Türkiye. 48% think that the modernization of the Customs Union would be beneficial for the EU and Türkiye. In the research, the rate of those who know about the European Green Deal is 36% and 61% of them think that Türkiye should adapt to the European Green Deal, while 65% believe that it will be beneficial for Türkiye. There is a need for more public information on green transformation and Green Deal, which are among the EU's priority targets.

    The continued support of our people for EU membership and the updating of the Customs Union is promising. In the centenary of our Republic, we observe that our citizens' orientation towards Europe continues and the search for prosperity, democracy and modern living standards remains important".

    SEPTEMBER 2023: “EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT DRAFT REPORT DOES NOT CONTRIBUTE TO TÜRKİYE`S EU PROCESS”

    IKV Chairperson Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement on the Türkiye Report adopted by the General Assembly of the European Parliament on Wednesday, 13 September 2023. Zeytinoğlu stated that the report does not meet the aim of contributing to Türkiyes EU process and that it is a document that is generous in criticism but weak in terms of giving positive direction to the relations. President Zeytinoğlu continued his remarks as follows: 

    "In the report prepared by EP Rapporteur Nacho Sanchez Amor, it is emphasised that the accession process with Türkiye can not continue, despite being a candidate country and an important partner for the EU, and that a "parallel and realistic" new framework should be found instead. In fact, the proposed new model of relations is similar to the proposals for a privileged partnership or strategic partnership that have been put forward for a long time by circles opposed to Türkiye’s EU membership. The privileged partnership, which was first put on the agenda in 2004 in a report prepared by the Christian democrats in Germany, is a model that has not been filled in since then and cannot be an alternative to full membership. Bringing these suggestions to us again does not benefit the relations. The only model that will move Türkiye-EU relations forward from their current state is the membership process. In order to revitalise this, both sides have a job to do. Revitalising EU reforms is the most important condition for Türkiye. However, unless the EU side demonstrates its will in this direction, it seems difficult to restart a credible process. The EP could have taken a more proactive role in this direction and revitalise the relations. Instead, however, it chose to put the refugee issue at the centre of relations, praising Türkiye’s role in this regard while highlighting the incompatibility of its foreign policy. It is a contradiction to expect a country whose EU membership process has been undermined in different ways to adapt to the EU foreign policy. Real co-operation and integration between the EU and Türkiye requires a holistic approach. This can only be achieved through an accession process in line with the goal of membership."

    JULY 2023: CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS ADDRESSED A LETTER TO EU OFFICIALS IN SUPPORT OF TÜRKİYE`S EU MEMBERSHIP GOAL

    EU leaders meeting in Brussels on 29-30 June 2023 tasked the European Commission and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy to prepare a "strategic and prospective" report on the future of the relations with Türkiye. Accordingly, civil society and business organizations came together and issued a letter addressing the relevant authorities in support of Türkiye’s EU membership aspirations.

    The letter, addressed to Olivér Várhelyi, the European Commissioner for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Policy, and Josep Borrell, High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy emphasized the following points:

    “It is highly important that Türkiye-EU relations move forward in line with the vision of full membership. Recent events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and ongoing challenges such as green and digital transformation, energy security, control of irregular migration, and sustainability of supply chains have further necessitated closer cooperation between Türkiye and the EU and the revitalization of the accession process. Given that the EU enlargement process is in the revival phase, it is urgent to accelerate Türkiye`s relations with the EU in this regard.

    Adopting such a visionary approach to the future of relations will also have the effect of putting Türkiye back on the reform agenda and rekindle the accession process. The process of alignment with the Copenhagen and Maastricht criteria could be accelerated again, as in the 1999-2006 period when the EU accession perspective was strong. The continuation of the accession goal and fair treatment of Türkiye as an EU candidate country will be the most encouraging factors in this process.

    The deterioration and erosion of relations between Türkiye and EU have been accelerated by the lack of dialogue in crucial areas such as the economy, energy, and transportation as well as the distance between the parties because of the decisions taken by the European Council in July 2019. It has contributed to growing mistrust between the parties, while at the same time blocking the realization of the economic potential between Türkiye and the EU in the face of regional and global threats The fact that the Schengen visa process has become more difficult and restrictive has made contacts between people and business circles difficult. We believe that it is critical to simplify and accelerate the visa process for citizens of the Republic of Türkiye until the visa liberalization process is completed.

    Opinion polls conducted by different organizations revealed that the Turkish public support to EU membership ranges from 58% to 79%. The Turkish business community has also supported Türkiye`s alignment with the EU acquis and economic integration. The EU is the most important trading partner for Türkiye, while Türkiye is the EU‘s sixth trading partner. In 2022, total trade between Türkiye and EU reached 196.4 billion dollars.

    In this context, the discussions that will take place in the General Affairs Council and later in the European Council on 20 July 2023, will pave the way for a new engagement process with Türkiye. Revitalizing the accession process will accelerate the EU reforms in Türkiye and enable a higher level of alignment and rapprochement with the EU.

    Our shared European agenda establishes the necessary foundation for rebuilding trust and reactivating integration. Shaping a rational framework for the future of relations, defining methods, timelines, and objectives, will ensure the engagement of all stakeholders in the EU and Türkiye, encouraging their concrete and active contributions to the process. As civil society organizations, business associations, members of the Türkiye-EU Joint Consultative Committee, and members of the Civil Society Dialogue Türkiye Network, we will continue to support Türkiye`s EU perspective, alignment with the EU acquis, wider integration with the EU, and deepening of Türkiye-EU cooperation.

    Revitalising high-level dialogues between Türkiye and the EU on the economy, transportation and energy and initiating the modernization of the Türkiye-EU Customs Union to include the green and digital agenda will be beneficial for all of EU countries.

    We are eagerly looking forward to the outcome of your discussions, which we hope will contribute to the development of Türkiye-EU relations in line with the accession perspective”.

    The organizations signing the letter are listed as follows: The Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Türkiye (TOBB), Türkiye Exporters Assembly (TİM), Turkish Industry & Business Association (TÜSİAD), İstanbul Chamber of Industry (İSO), İstanbul Chamber of Commerce (İTO), Economic Development Foundation (İKV), Turkish Enterprise and Business Confederation (TÜRKONFED), Women Entrepreneurs Association of Türkiye (KADİGER), Federation of Industrial Associations (SEDEFED), Economic Policy Research Foundation Of Türkiye (TEPAV), İstanbul Policy Center (İPM), Türkiye Europe Foundation (TAV), Association of Civil Society Development Center (STGM), Türkiye-EU Association (TURABDER).

    MAY 2023: "A FRESH START SHOULD BE MADE WITH THE EU IN THE NEW ERA"

    IKV President Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement following the finalization of the results of the second round of the presidential elections. Chairperson Zeytinoğlu said the following:

    "We congratulate Recep Tayyip Erdoğan on his re-election as President. We wish the new era to be auspicious. Revitalizing the relations with the EU carries great importance in this new period. As a candidate and a member of the customs union, Türkiye should open a new chapter with the EU. The EU continues to be our most important export market. The green and digital transformation in the EU economy requires an update in Türkiye's relationship with the EU. Therefore, initiating the modernization of the customs union and establishing a green and digital agenda with the EU are of great importance. Otherwise, we may risk losing our competitiveness in the EU market. Resolving Türkiye's significant problems, especially in the economy, may be possible through reviving the EU process. In this new era, adapting to the significant changes within the framework of the green consensus and digital agenda in the EU, as well as addressing the issues in our relations with the EU, will form the most important elements of this fresh start." 

    MAY 2023: “A NEW PAGE MUST BE OPENED WITH EU AFTER THE ELECTIONS”

    IKV Chairperson Ayhan Zeytinoğlu, made a statement in the occasion of 9 May Europe Day. In his statement, Chairperson Zeytinoğlu said:

    “This year, we are celebrating the 9 May Europe Day, five days before the critical elections in Türkiye. This coincidence also brings a critical agenda with itself. No matter what political picture emerges after the 14 May elections in Turkey, the EU process needs to be revived. Turkey's relations with the EU entered a recession after 2016. Subsequently, developments such as the COVID-19 epidemic and the Russia-Ukraine War seriously affected the European agenda. Under the difficult conditions created by these developments, the EU gave priority to taking the necessary steps to bring into action the Green Deal and digitalization goals. With the crises in fact, the whole world is going through a great transformation. While economic processes, production and consumption patterns and ways of doing business are changing, the laws and legislation accompanying this transformation are also being renewed.

    In this process, we see that the EU has taken strategic steps within the scope of the European Green Deal and the digital transformation, especially after 2019, and is implementing many new legal regulations and we also see that the European economy and policies are rapidly being renewed with different dimensions from strategic autonomy in raw materials to support of chip production, from cyber security to the carbon regulation mechanism at the border. It is critical for Turkey to adapt to this change and transformation in the EU, to which Turkey is a candidate, has a Customs Union relationship and is the largest export market and source of foreign investment. As we celebrate the 9 May this year, we must evaluate where Europe is heading and Turkey's position in this change very accurately.

    After the upcoming critical elections, the government and Parliament that will govern Turkey for the next five years will be determined. One of the most important priorities of the government to be established in this new period should be relations with the EU. While maintaining the goal of full membership, it should also be aimed to rapidly develop relations in areas such as updating the Customs Union, ensuring visa liberalization, compliance with the European Green Deal, cooperation in renewable energy, global gateway initiative, transportation networks, resilience of supply chains and digital infrastructure. The revitalization of the EU process will also have a significant impact in terms of Turkey's recovery from the economic crisis it is in, the recovery of the region after the earthquake, the development of exports by focusing on high-value-added and high-tech products, and the continuation of attracting international investment.

    As the global system changes, the EU, as the main organization of Europe, is struggling to respond to new challenges and renew itself. It aims to fulfil the requirements of the 21st century and to take the lead in global competition. In this process, Turkey's preparation and adaptation to developments and changes in the EU should be the top priority as a candidate country, Customs Union partner, and trade and investment partner.”

    MARCH 2023: “STRONGER SOCIETIES ARE POSSIBLE WITH WOMEN”

    IKV Chairperson Ayhan Zeytinoğlu, spoke about the importance of International Women’s Day as an occasion to think about advancing the position of women in society and eliminating inequalities in all fields. President Zeytinoğlu also stated that societies where women take an active part in the economy, are represented and take part in politics, and are not discriminated against can survive periods of difficulty such as disasters much more easily. In his speech, Zeytinoğlu said:

    ‘’March 8th International Working Women’s Day provides an important opportunity to think about the position of women, who are the building blocks of societies and the issue of equality. This issue should be on our agenda 365 days a year. While Türkiye aims to be a part of and is in close relationship with the EU, the female employment rate is still very low when compared with the EU average; the EU average is around 66%, but this rate in Turkey is as low as 28%, according to TUIK data. It is seen that women are paid 14-15% less than men in gross wages per hour. This rate also varies between 15% and 20% in Turkey. According to ILO data, the duration of women's employment is also lower. While this is 39 years for men, it drops to 19 years for women. The proportion of women in unregistered employment is higher than men.  While the rate of non-agricultural unregistered labour is 19.5% for men, this rate is recorded as 30% for women. Housework, child and elderly care, and the unpaid labour of women working in agriculture and family businesses cannot be used as a tool for women's welfare and freedom. The representation of women in politics is also very low. The rate of female MPs in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey is 17.1%, ranking 129 out of 188 countries. The rate of women on boards of directors is also quite low and has been determined as 16.7%. A rapid change for the better is necessary, not only for women, but also for the welfare and progress of the whole society. The fact that women are strong and self-sufficient, taking an active part in social life, economy and politics is the key to a resilient society even in times of crisis. In order to overcome the difficult period, we went through after the February 6th earthquake, both the resilience of women in the earthquake-affected regions and the devoted work of women who took part in aid and support activities were key factors.’’

    FEBRUARY 2023: “WE ARE DEEPLY SADDENED BY THE EARTHQUAKE, WE EXPRESS OUR APPRECIATION TO THE WHOLE WORLD, INCLUDING THE EU, FOR THEIR SUPPORT”

    IKV Chairperson Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement on the earthquake disaster that occurred in Kahramanmaraş, affecting 10 provinces, and causing more than 18 thousand deaths and 70 thousand injuries according to the latest statements. Chairperson Zeytinoğlu evaluated the search and rescue and aid activities after the earthquake. He stated: “Our people sent aid to the earthquake area, showing an exemplary solidarity, and the volunteers went to support the search and rescue activities. This sense of solidarity and the urge to heal each other’s’ wounds during bad times took over the whole world”.

    Chairperson Zeytinoğlu also thanked the support messages and search and rescue teams from several countries and the EU after the earthquake and stated:

    “The earthquake disaster, which made our nation’s heart bleed, reminded us once again that we need to design its cities, settlements, and all kinds of infrastructure according to the earthquake reality. The solidarity shown by our people in the aftermath of this catastrophe reveals a trait that is extremely touching and deserves to be appreciated. Support received from various countries and the EU is also very important. The search and rescue teams from Greece, with which we had bilateral problems, and the support statements of Prime Minister Mitsotakis really showed how friendly the peoples on both sides of the sea can be to each other. We were touched by the support and teams from all over the world, from the Netherlands to Azerbaijan, from India to Japan, from Georgia to Taiwan, from Spain to Argentina. Search and rescue teams played a very important role in rescuing our people who were under the rubble”.

    Chairperson Zeytinoğlu expressed his appreciation for the support provided within the framework of the EU and concluded his speech as follows:

    “Within the scope of the EU Civil Protection Mechanism, 23 countries contributed with a total of 31 search and rescue teams and 5 medical teams. A total of 1500 search and rescue officers, 100 search and rescue dogs and health teams came to the region to support the work. The decision to send 6.5 million euros of emergency humanitarian aid to Turkey and Syria, which are affected by the earthquake, and to send an additional 3 million euros of emergency aid to support the post-earthquake efforts in the country was announced. European Commissioner for Crisis Management Janez Lenarcic came to the region and received information about search and rescue efforts. In addition, at the European Council Leaders' Summit held yesterday, a minute's silence was observed in memory of those who lost their lives due to the earthquake and a statement expressing their condolences was announced. The conclusions of the European Council included the Swedish Presidency of the EU’s initiative to convene a donors’ conference to help the areas damaged by earthquake in March. This comprehensive support is important. We wish for this support to be maintained in the long-term and thank the EU and our European friends”.

  • SEPTEMBER 2022:TÜRKİYE SHOULD BE INVITED TO THE PRAGUE SUMMIT

    The Heads of State or Government of the EU’s Member States are going to meet in Prague at an informal summit on October 6 and 7. French President Macron’s idea of a European Political Community is planned to be launched at this informal meeting which will also host associate, candidate and aspiring countries to the EU such as Norway, Switzerland, Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia and also Britain. It is covered in the media that Armenia and Azerbaijan are also invited. Debate on whether to invite Türkiye or not is still going on. President Macron earlier said that in principle, this political community would enable "members of the European Union, plus the British, Norwegians, Swiss, western Balkan states, Ukrainians, etc. to meet every six months. (...) Regarding the question of Türkiye’s inclusion, he said that it is a matter of discussion although France has no veto on the matter. President of the European Council Charles Michel noted that the EU should also invite Türkiye based on a consensus among the Member States. However it may be the case that Greece and Greek Cypriots may oppose Türkiye’s invitation.

    IKV President Ayhan Zeytinoglu said that Türkiye’s inclusion into the European Political Community is critical and therefore its exclusion from the informal meeting in Prague should be out of the question:

    “The European Political Community project is an initiative to include countries in the larger European geography to the European integration process based on common values, constant dialogue and solidarity against threats such as those emanating from Russian aggression. This larger Europe includes not only Member States and candidate countries but also countries in the immediate neighborhood of the EU, countries such as Norway and Switzerland which are highly integrated to the European market, and also Britain which has recently left EU membership but still share many interests with the EU. The European Political Community project has been mostly triggered in order to defend and show solidarity with Ukraine following Russia’s aggression towards the country. It is an initiative to show a united front against rivals, join forces against common enemies and threats. The EU is faced with many challenges including the rise in energy prices and the social and political upheavals this situation may set off. Under such challenging circumstances it is vital that Türkiye should be considered as a part of this project. Although we still aim for full membership of the EU, the European Political Community which is an idea spurred by geopolitical necessities    should definitely include Türkiye as well. Türkiye has shown its relevance for European issues many times, most recently in the Ukrainian crisis. One needs only to look at history to see that Türkiye cannot be left out of European security structures or European politics for that matter. Türkiye has been a member of all European organisations since the Second World War except for the EU. Despite this it has a close association and a customs union with the Union. It would be illogical to exclude Türkiye which is a candidate country, an associate state and also a customs union partner, moreover a country which the EU depended upon to control the Syrian refugee crisis 6 years ago. Türkiye is a vital player in the solution of Europe’s problems and in the quest to stabilize disputes and conflicts in nearby regions. If Greece and GASC are opposing Türkiye’s participation to the Prague summit due to the disputes over Cyprus or the Aegean, it should not be forgotten that these issues cannot be solved without reaching out to and engaging with Türkiye”.   

    SEPTEMBER 2022: “TURKEY SHOULD HAVE A SEAT IN AN ENLARGED EU”

    Germany’s Chancellor Olaf Scholz made a remarkably important speech at the Charles University in Prague which outlined his vision for an enlarged and reformed EU. He talked about the challenges facing the EU such as energy crisis, problems in decision-making and rule of law standards. Chancellor Scholz expressed his vision for an enlarged EU with 30 to 36 Member States including western Balkan candidate countries, Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia.  Stating the shift in the centre of gravity towards the East, he also underlined the need for reform in decision making and institutional set-up before such an enlargement could take place. He also gave support to the idea of a European Political Community which was put forward previously by President Macron of France. European Political Community would exist separately from the EU and include non-EU countries of Europe such as the UK and others that may aspire to be EU members in the future. However, Mr. Scholz did not specifically mention Turkey as one of the candidates to join an enlarged EU.

    IKV Chairperson Ayhan Zeytinoglu commented on Chancellor Scholz’s speech and the significance of incorporating Turkey into a vision about the future of the EU:

    “I watched Chancellor Scholz’s speech on EU enlargement and reform with great interest. I support most of his ideas such as the need to leave unanimity requirement behind in EU decision-making, reforming the EU with a view to enlargement and importance of upholding democracy and rule of law. In view of the situation in Ukraine and the threat from Russia to European security, it seems that the EU does not have any other choice than accommodating demands for enlargement from countries such as Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia and the Balkans. It is evident that a reformed and enlarged EU that could bolster its efficiency and effectiveness as well as its geographical scope would be able to play a critical role in the international system and balance out rising authoritarian powers. However, I found it awkward that Turkey was not specifically mentioned in Chancellor Scholz’s speech regarding the future of the EU. If the war in Ukraine necessitated the need for revising and upgrading European security architecture, Turkey should be considered as the first country that needs to be included in this vision. The need to collaborate, cooperate and work together with Turkey has emerged time and again in the 2015-6 refugee crisis, 2019 Eastern Med crisis, 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. As a relevant regional actor in South Eastern Europe with extensive economic, social, cultural and political involvement in adjacent regions, with an advanced export base, industrial and agricultural production, geographically controlling corridors of human movement and energy transmission, Turkey occupies a unique place in an enlarged EU. Turkey’s inclusion in Chancellor Scholz’s vision for the future of the EU would also provide a panacea for existent vulnerabilities such as security risks emanating from the east and the south, energy dependency and conflicts in interstate relations in Eurasia. Turkey’s inclusion into an enlarged EU would also facilitate resolution of the Cyprus question and Aegean dispute between Greece and Turkey. I wholeheartedly support Chancellor Scholz’s emphasis on the need to uphold democratic values and rule of law in the EU. While planning for the future of the EU, contingency should be made for a return to EU reforms in Turkey based on a renewed European perspective. Turkey’s return to European values would also provide for a strong pro-democracy and rule of law effect in existing Member States of the EU which are criticized for deficiencies in this regard.”

    AUGUST 2022: IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTINOĞLU DISCUSSED THE PROBLEMS WITH SCHENGEN VISA

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made statements on the Schengen visa processes on A Para on 17 August 2022. Chairman Zeytinoğlu discussed the increasing number of visa applications, prolonged waiting times and difficult processes. Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that the visa application process is an obstacle in terms of both business visits and touristic and other purposes of visits. In addition, the visa cost is gradually increasing. Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that since 2009, citizens of the Republic of Türkiye had paid close to 100 million euros per year for Schengen visa applications. Chairman Zeytinoğlu reminded that the visa liberalisation process was initiated in 2013 and Türkiye fulfilled 66 out of 72 criteria in this process and emphasized that the completion of the remaining criteria as soon as possible would lead to significant progress in solving the problem.

    AUGUST 2022: IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU: “EU’S ANTI-DUMPING PRACTICE IS A BARRIER TO TRADE”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made statements about the EU’s anti-dumping practice for some steel products. Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that the anti-dumping duty, which has been started to be implemented, is also contrary to the Customs Union and the Türkiye-ECSC Free Trade Agreement, which envisages free trade in iron and steel products. Chairman Zeytinoğlu stressed that:

    “The European Commission launched an investigation on the complaint of the European Steel Association (EUROFER). As a result, as of 11 August 2022, anti-dumping duties between 2.4% and 37.4% started to be applied to some flat-rolled iron and steel products imported by the EU from Türkiye and Russia. The panel, which was formed after the complaint of the EU to the WTO, decided against Türkiye on the grounds of discrimination against imported products in the pharmaceutical industry and found the EU justified. Such anti-dumping measures taken against industrialists and manufacturers in Türkiye harm Türkiye’s competitiveness. It limits Türkiye’s exports to the EU market. Even though Türkiye makes nearly half of its exports to the EU, the EU’s import rate from Türkiye is around 3.6%. To increase this, it is important to eliminate the problems in the functioning of the Customs Union and to expand it to sectors such as services and agriculture. Furthermore, it is necessary to renew and improve our relations with the EU as a whole, and in this context, the modernisation process of the Customs Union should be addressed as soon as possible. As the business world, we attach great importance to solving the problems we encounter in trade with the EU. However, the process has continued to drag on since 2016. Overcoming the technical problems in trade and starting the modernisation process of the customs union is also critical for Türkiye’s compliance with the green deal.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu continued his speech by referring to the developments in the European economy and explained why reviving their relations is even more critical:

    “Recently, the difficulties brought by the Russia-Ukraine war, rising energy prices, inflation, and recession are pushing the EU. The Member States, especially Germany, are concerned about the impact of rising input prices on production and productivity. This situation strengthens the protectionist tendencies. Protection measures against Türkiye, which increases its exports to the EU with a competitive exchange rate, may come to the fore more and more. To prevent this, updating and modernising our existing commercial relations according to the necessities of the time should be the most important priority. In addition, compliance with green and digital transformations, which is the top agenda not only for the EU but for the whole world, should find its deserved place in Türkiye-EU relations. Türkiye can play an important role in renewable energy sources such as green hydrogen, which is expected to eliminate approximately 68% of global emissions. The storage of wind and solar energy as liquid green hydrogen and its transmission via pipelines are also important for Europe’s energy problem. Such collaborations and partnerships can play a major role in updating Türkiye-EU relations”.

    Finally, President Zeytinoğlu emphasised the support given by the business world to the revival of Türkiye-EU relations and concluded his speech as follows:

    "Our ultimate goal remains full membership. However, the stalling of full membership negotiations has led to a loss of ground in relations for the last six years. To revive our relations with the EU, we must make efforts to repair the relations by speeding up the reforms regarding the EU criteria, especially the rule of law. The Russia-Ukraine war once again revealed the importance of Türkiye for Europe. Türkiye played important diplomatic roles, as in the grain agreement."

    MAY 2022: AS EUROPE IS BEING REDEFINED, WHERE WILL TURKEY`S PLACE BE?

    When French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman called for the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community 72 years ago, he set in motion a process that was crucial for Europe and the world. As a result of this process, the European continent hosts an integration movement that has no equivalent in other continents. This integration movement, which has gone through various phases until today, has led to significant gains at the supranational level. However, it also faces serious problems and challenges.

    Current phenomena such as populism, protectionism, radical nationalism, xenophobia, disinformation, irregular migration, income inequality, gender inequality, cross-border security threats, and inter-state and intra-state conflicts continue to pose problems for the unity and effectiveness of the EU. However, in today's competitive, uncertain, and rapidly changing world, one of the most important prerequisites for Europe's existence on the world stage lies in the ability of member states to take decisions and act as a whole on the basis of shared values.

    Russia's attack on Ukraine and the start of an invasion movement pose a vital threat aimed squarely at European values and security. After intervening in Georgia in 2008 and annexing Crimea in 2014, Russia launched an invasion operation that directly threatens the integrity of a sovereign state. The war, which has been ongoing since on 24 February 2022, has shattered millions of lives, people have lost their lives, others had to leave their homes, and many have become refugees... This shows how fragile peace and security are and need to be actively protected and developed. It also reminds us that history still confronts us with bitter surprises in the middle of the 21st century.

    At this critical turning point in history, Turkey-EU relations and Turkey's EU membership goal are perhaps more important than ever. Although it is seen by many as an outdated goal, it is obvious that an EU without Turkey is incomplete in terms of peace and security. Turkey's commitment to Europe's common values will breathe life into the EU in terms of achieving common EU goals such as common security and the European Green Deal and full European integration.

    For Turkey, the EU objective that has been put on hold in recent years has led to a slowdown and regression in the reform process and has brought with it many problems. It is necessary to put the goal of a "democratic, free, fair, prosperous, and green Turkey" on the agenda for 2030 by sticking to the goal of membership again. Let's take action together again for a "Turkey within the EU" and a "European Turkey" on 9 May Europe Day.

    APRIL 2022: IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU MET WITH EUROPEAN COMMISSION VICE-PRESIDENT TIMMERMANS

    European Commission Executive Vice-President Frans Timmermans paid an official visit to Ankara on 20-21 April 2022. Timmermans, who visited Ankara for the 2nd meeting of the Turkey-EU High Level Dialogue on Climate, met with Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change Minister Murat Kurum and Trade Minister Mehmet Muş. Timmermans, leading the Commission's work on the European Green Deal and its first-ever European Climate Law, drew attention to close cooperation between Turkey and the EU in the green transition process. Timmermans prioritized limiting the global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees in line with the Paris Climate Agreement targets and emphasized the importance of Turkey's commitment to updating its 2053 zero-emission target and national contribution statement ahead of COP 27.

    Timmermans also came together with representatives of the business community and civil society organisations. At the working dinner attended by IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu, Timmermans stated that it is critical to cooperate on the basis of mutual benefit in relations between the EU and Turkey. Timmermans emphasized that the European Green Deal aims to make Europe the world's first climate-neutral continent by 2050. He stressed the importance of the EU and Turkey working closely to achieve this goal and stated that Turkey and the EU could work together on issues such as the transition to a circular economy, renewable energy, increasing the share of solar and wind energy, and the production of alternative fuels such as green hydrogen. IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu conveyed to Timmermans the support given by the business community to Turkey's EU membership goal, modernisation of the Customs Union, visa liberalisation and the Green Deal. Emphasizing the importance of reviving the relations within the scope of the positive agenda initiated between Turkey and the EU, Zeytinoğlu stated that initiating the Customs Union modernisation process would contribute to the development and deepening of trade and economic relations between the two parties. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu reminded that Turkey is a very close partner of the EU on security, energy, and migration issues. Zeytinoğlu also stated that Turkey, hosting 3 million 700 thousand Syrian refugees, has taken a significant burden from Europe. He said that Germany spends approximately 30,000 euros for each refugee, and with this calculation, the importance and cost of the humanitarian mission of Turkey might be better understood. Chairman Zeytinoğlu also touched upon the Green Deal. He stated that the European Green Deal had created pressure for transformation, but it also contained opportunities. Zeytinoğlu noted that the Green Deal, which requires a radical transformation in almost every sector, forced Turkey and the EU to cooperate closely. He also emphasized the importance of the EU's investments in Turkey. He stated that investments to be made in areas like green economy, hydrogen, solar energy, and electric vehicles would contribute to the development of Turkey-EU trade and economic relations for the benefit of both sides.

    At the press conference held jointly with Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change Minister Murat Kurum, Timmermans stated, “The fact that I am here on behalf of the EU is of symbolic importance for continuing this process. We have to create a better world and a better environment for our children and grandchildren. To achieve that we must start working as of today. I think our dialogue with Turkey is a strategic opportunity for both the EU and Turkey. Because the current political environment is very complex, countries against barbarism must stand together. Countries that reject this fatal invasion of the peaceful people of Ukraine must take a common stance.”

    MARCH 2022: IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU: "TURKEY HAS A CRITICAL POSITION IN THE EU`S EMERGENCE AS A STRATEGIC ACTOR”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu issued a statement regarding the Strategic Compass adopted by EU foreign ministers and set to be endorsed by the European Council on 24-25 March 2022. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu made the following remarks:

    “On 21 March 2022, the EU Foreign Affairs Council adopted the document titled 'Strategic Compass' which will determine the course of the EU security and defence policy until 2030. The Strategic Compass could be viewed as the EU's effort to create a strategic identity in the face of geopolitical challenges. The emergence of this document happens a time when the strategic rivalry between the great powers is heating up, the nature of security threats is transforming and the war is knocking on Europe's door in the wake of Russia's intervention in Ukraine. The Strategic Compass is a guide for action with concrete actions and a detailed timetable and consists of the following four elements: 

    - The EU acting more rapidly and decisively in the face of crises,

    - Protecting its citizens against rapidly evolving threats,

    - Investing more and smarter in capabilities and technologies,

    - Strengthening cooperation with partners in line with common goals.

    Moreover, the creation of a Rapid Deployment Capacity of 5,000 troops to be deployed in different operational scenarios and at different stages of crises stands out as one of the most significant novelties under the Strategic Compass. Increasing the level of preparedness with exercises and developing the ability to station 200 fully equipped civilian experts in crisis regions within 30 days under the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) by mid-2023 are among the other novelties that stand out. The document lays out numerous actions ranging from increasing military mobility and making CSDP missions and operations more flexible, to developing coordinated tools against hybrid and cyber threats on the one hand, from a VAT waiver to encourage joint investment in capabilities, to strengthening cooperation with like-minded countries and partners on the other. Unlike its predecessors, the 2003 European Security Strategy and the 2016 EU Global Strategy, the Strategic Compass has been designed through a process in which EU capitals were in the driver's seat and is complemented by a clear calendar and a strong monitoring mechanism.”

    “As the European security architecture is going through an unprecedented breaking point, the partial and contradictory rhetoric towards Turkey, a NATO ally and a candidate country, which has played an extremely critical role in ensuring the security of Europe, does not contribute to the EU's ambition to become a strategic actor and risks undermining it.”

    Referring to the way Turkey is addressed in the Strategic Compass, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated the following:

    “In the document, Turkey is addressed in the context of the Eastern Mediterranean in the part where the strategic environment is analysed and in the section on bilateral partnerships. In the section on the Eastern Mediterranean, one can see that regarding Turkey a hostile rhetoric reflecting the Greek and Greek Cypriot claims is adopted. Arguing that the tensions in the Eastern Mediterranean continue and have the potential to escalate rapidly due to provocations and unilateral actions against Member States, breaches of international law, violations of sovereign rights, as well as the instrumentalisation of irregular migration, it is stated that a stable and secure environment and a cooperative relationship based on mutual benefits in accordance with the principle of good neighbourly relations is in the interest of both the EU and Turkey.

    On the other hand, in the bilateral partnerships section, Turkey's contribution to CSDP missions and operations is mentioned and it is emphasized that the EU would continue cooperating with Turkey in areas of common interest. While indicating that the Union is determined to develop a mutually beneficial partnership with Turkey, it is indicated that this requires equal determination on part of Turkey in advancing on a path of cooperation, sustained de-escalation and to address EU’s concerns in line with European Council conclusions of 25 March 2021.

    As the European security architecture is going through an unprecedented breaking point, the partial and contradictory rhetoric towards Turkey, a NATO ally and a candidate country, which has played an extremely critical role in ensuring the security of Europe, does not contribute to the EU's ambition to become a strategic actor and risks undermining it. Building the EU's defence vision upon areas that will bring the EU and Turkey closer together with a far-sighted approach instead of a divisive rhetoric shaped around the claims of some Member States, will contribute greatly not only to the development of the EU's security and defence identity, but also to NATO-EU cooperation."

    MARCH 2022: INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S DAY MESSAGE BY IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU: “NOT WITHOUT WOMEN”

    In a statement issued on the occasion of 8 March International Women’s Day, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu highlighted the themes of women’s rights and gender equality for a better future. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu touched upon the importance of Women's Day in terms of the adoption and development of gender equality for a sustainable future. Indicating that gender equality is an issue that concerns human rights, especially women's rights, and even the activities carried out in the fight against climate change, he stated that women's participation and leadership in sustainable initiatives is an essential requirement for change in all societies. Zeytinoğlu also stated that women and girls should be actively involved in the decision-making processes to ensure sustainable development and gender equality on more solid grounds, and expressed that it is not possible to create an egalitarian future in every sense without ensuring gender equality. He made the following remarks:

    “Thanks to the determined stance of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk on giving women an equal place in the society, Turkey is one of the countries in the world where women were granted full suffrage – the right to vote and be elected- well before many countries. However, there are still important problems regarding the prevention of domestic violence, harassment and discrimination against women. In the Global Gender Gap Report, our country ranked 113th among 156 countries in 2021. According to this statistic, Turkey needs to take more progressive steps in gender equality. Courses on theme of gender equality should be added to school curricula and sensitivity on the issue should be raised. Explaining and teaching gender equality to the entire society will support Turkey's progress in the indexes. Creating opportunities for women's participation in economic life, bringing the rate of women in employment to EU standards, supporting women’s participation in political life, improving education opportunities and equipping women with 21st century skills, and raising awareness of girls about possible health risks are the main areas which require increasing focus.

    “Equality in All Fields, Immediately”

    Underlining that IKV attaches importance to the principle of equal representation, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that IKV is an institution of equal opportunities and the rate of female employees is 60%. Zeytinoğlu mentioned that IKV's activities are based on women's rights and gender equality, and that women-themed panels and online meetings are held frequently. Zeytinoğlu also added that the fact that Turkey internalizing gender equality will have positive reflections on the EU accession process.

    FEBRUARY 2022: IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU: "RUSSIA`S MILITARY OPERATION IS AGAINST PEACE AND SECURITY"

    The military operation launched by the Russian Federation against Ukraine is a step against peace and security. History has shown us that wars inflict irreparable wounds, and any wars not pursuing self-defence are unacceptable. Changing of borders by military force is against the United Nations Charter. Moreover, operations carried out in disregard of international law lead to an extremely difficult and uncertain international environment in which only the law of the strong is valid and whoever has more power imposes their own order. As a non-governmental organisation, we stand in solidarity with the people of Ukraine. We invite the entire international community to exert efforts to resolve this crisis diplomatically and to take effective steps to stop military operations and conflict.

    JANUARY 2022: “TURKEY`S POSITION IN EUROPEAN SUPPLY CHAINS IS ITS GREATEST ADVANTAGE”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu noted that economic recovery efforts were of critical importance for the business community in the current period when the pandemic was on the rise again. Stating that Turkey's export revenues were more important than ever, Zeytinoğlu drew attention to the need to maintain and advance Turkey’s place in the supply chains for the EU market, due to its primary position in Turkey’s exports. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu made the following remarks:

    “We are going through a difficult period in which post-pandemic economic recovery is on the agenda all over the world. In such a period, especially Turkey's relations with the EU should be highlighted. Thanks to the Customs Union, Turkey has an important position in European supply chains. About 40% of our exports go to the EU. In addition to our export revenues, the EU has a very significant position in terms of foreign direct investment. Launching the modernisation of the Customs Union will allow further development of our economic and trade relations. In this way, it will be possible to develop the trade in goods and services, which are becoming more and more complex, to overcome the obstacles encountered in services sectors such as logistics, to adapt faster to EU’s FTAs and to increase agricultural trade. However, political obstacles and objections by some Member States still prevent the modernisation of the Customs Union. Turkey's increasing its share in EU supply chains and boosting its high value-added production in the coming period primarily depend on its success in green transformation and digitalisation. In addition, the EU's objective of diversifying its supply chains by moving production from China to closer geographies within the scope of its new trade strategy provides an advantage for Turkey. However, making the most of this advantage also depends on a well-functioning legal and an independent judiciary system, and the implementation of transparent and good governance principles. In this respect, President Erdoğan reiterating the EU as a strategic goal is very important. Revitalising political and economic reforms in line with this strategic goal will contribute to the development of economic relations and the modernisation of the Customs Union to come to the agenda.”

    JANUARY 2022: IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU COMMENTED ON PRESIDENT ERDOĞAN’S STATEMENTS REGARDING TURKEY’S EU MEMBERSHIP

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu evaluated President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s messages to the ambassadors of EU countries. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu pointed out that President Erdoğan’s statements that EU membership continues to be a strategic priority for Turkey was important and made the following remarks:

    “Our President’s statements to the EU ambassadors were very important. Despite the recent problems in the relations, our President gave a positive message by emphasizing Turkey’s commitment to the EU goal. Referring to the effects of COVID-19 and the structural problems in the international system, Mr. President drew attention to the need to strengthen the relationship between Turkey and the EU in this new period. In addition, it is extremely important that the commitment to the goal of full EU membership has been confirmed at the highest level at a time when some circles are looking for alternatives to EU membership. Especially, the statement 'Turkey, which is a part of the continent of Europe geographically, historically and socially, surely is committed to its goal of full EU membership' demonstrates that Turkey’s determination regarding the EU has continued since 1959, when the application for associate membership to the then European Economic Community was made.”

    Steps towards the EU Should Be Accelerated

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu touched upon the EU-related work which was mentioned by President Erdoğan. Noting that Turkey has gained an advantageous position in terms of alignment to the European Green Deal by ratifying the Paris Climate Agreement, Zeytinoğlu emphasized that compliance with EU values and standards in the fields of democracy, rule of law and economy was extremely important for the EU membership goal. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu pointed out that fulfilling 66 of the 72 benchmarks for visa liberalisation was an important success and taking swift action to meet the remaining benchmarks would mean overcoming a psychological barrier. He drew attention to the need to continue the reforms in line with the membership goal, without giving credit to the unfair and prejudiced approaches of certain Member States and circles in the EU.Stating that it is also Turkey’s right to expect 'sincere, fair and committed' behaviour from the EU, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stressed that the problems, security risks and conflict areas all over the world and especially in Europe’s immediate neighbourhood make cooperation between Turkey and the EU in foreign policy and security domains indispensable. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu concluded his remarks as follows:

    “We are going through an era of rapid change. In addition to the efforts aimed at post-COVID-19 economic recovery, digitalisation and the green transition force all sectors and countries including structures such as the EU to transform. At the same time, the number of hotspots in the immediate vicinity is growing from Ukraine to Kazakhstan, from Libya to Bosnia. Security threats manifest themselves in different ways such as cyber security threats, disinformation and terrorism. Migratory movements, triggered by internal conflicts, poverty and the climate crisis, continue to increase. In such an environment, it is an inevitable necessity for the EU to work together with Turkey. The formula for this is the advancing Turkey’s integration process to the EU. The proposals such as privileged partnership, which have been raised from time to time, remained devoid of substance. The fact that the accession negotiations have come to a halt negatively affected the whole range of relations and caused a significant regression. Therefore, it is crucial that the goal of full membership is preserved and relations are advanced on the basis of common interests and shared values until this aim is achieved. President Erdoğan’s positive message is of great importance at a time when a new government has come to power in Germany and critical elections are approaching in France. We hope that the EU will respond positively to this and that the two sides will take steps towards each other.”

    JANUARY 2022: “WE APPRECIATE TOBB’S LOBBYING ACTIVITIES”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu issued a statement on some news in the media regarding the support of TOBB, which is a prominent trustee of IKV, to the think tank GMF. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that the aforementioned news was far from being in good faith and that the cooperation, which was aimed at promoting Turkey abroad and defending our theses, was distorted and used as a means of a disinformation campaign. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu said the following:

    “As IKV, we are an organisation which aims to contribute to Turkey’s relations with the EU and to better promote Turkey and defend its interests abroad, especially in Europe. The Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey (TOBB), our prominent trustee, was criticized for some unfair news in the press. The aforementioned news are targeting TOBB’s assistance to the think tank GMF. TOBB’s support to GMF completely aims to better promote Turkey abroad and defend its interests. Rather than being appreciated, this support has been unfairly criticized as part of a disinformation campaign. TOBB has been carrying out activities to boost Turkey’s lobbying power in Brussels and Washington for many years. Moreover, these activities are carried out within the knowledge of our state, with the demand and approval of our public institutions such as the Presidency, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Trade. Within this framework, along with GMF cooperation was developed with influential think tanks such as CSIS and the Atlantic Council to increase Turkey’s lobbying power and to make the dynamism of the Turkish economy more visible. These have been admirable activities for the promotion of Turkey abroad and should be followed with appreciation instead of being unfairly criticized in the media in this way.

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu emphasized that TOBB’s cooperation with GMF was initiated at the end of 2016, with the knowledge and consent of the Ministry of Trade. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu concluded his remarks as follows:

    “The work carried out by TOBB with the GMF is a work that was initiated at the end of 2016 with the approval of our Ministry of Trade. The cooperation was based on the instruction of our state to be active on all platforms in response to the smear campaigns launched by Fethullah Gülen Terrorist Organisation (FETÖ) against our state after the 17/25 December process and the 15 July failed coup attempt. In this context, when a negative agenda was stirred up against Turkey especially in the last 5 years, many studies were carried out and meetings were held to create a positive agenda. In addition to our private sector representatives, many officials representing our state attended these meetings such as Presidential Spokesperson Prof. İbrahim Kalın, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Director for EU Affairs Ambassador Faruk Kaymakcı and the then Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Turkish Grand National Assembly Ambassador Volkan Bozkır. Payments were not made in the form of ‘guarantee payments’ or ‘donations’, but in return for documents regarding the personnel employed and the expenditures made. At a time when we need to strengthen Turkey’s positive perception abroad the most, it is extremely sad that such a smear campaign is carried out against an organisation like TOBB which represents the Turkish economy and works day and night to defend our country’s interests and development both at home and abroad.”

  • SEPTEMBER: IT IS UNACCEPTABLE FOR THE EU TO CATEGORIZE TURKEY AS A SOUTHERN NEIGHBOUR

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu reacted to Turkey being singled out of the enlargement perspective with the department responsible for relations with Turkey being moved under a separate directorate called “Southern Neighbourhood, Turkey, Migration/Refugees and Security Issues" in European Commission's Directorate General for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations (DG NEAR). Stating that it was unacceptable that Turkey as a candidate country was being treated within the scope of the neighbourhood and solely from a migration and security perspective, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu continued his remarks as follows:

    “There has been a structural change within the European Commission’s Directorate General Directorate for ‘Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations’. While Turkey was previously handled in the same directorate as the Western Balkans, it has now been moved under the directorate named “Southern Neighbourhood, Turkey, Migration/Refugees and Security Issues”. This reveals that it was excluded from the scope of enlargement negotiations thus placed on a different path from Western Balkans. We are aware that Turkey’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Directorate for EU Affairs have been trying to prevent this change which took place silently. However, the outcome did not change and the department dealing with relations with Turkey was moved. We find this situation regrettable. Turkey is a candidate country. It will be extremely difficult for an EU, which cannot design and include in its strategic plan Turkey's accession as a member, to achieve its goal of becoming geopolitical. Moreover, it is unacceptable for the EU to equate Turkey with its Southern Neighbours, which have no EU membership perspective nor do they enjoy the advanced level of integration with the EU such as the Customs Union. Associating this department only with migration and security implies disregarding the multidimensional and intricate relations between Turkey and the EU encompassing issues such as climate, health and energy, and it is certain that it will be insufficient”.

    SEPTEMBER 2021: AYHAN ZEYTİNOĞLU RE-ELECTED AS IKV CHAIRMAN

    Ayhan Zeytinoğlu was re-elected as the Chair of the Board of Directors of IKV at the 59th Ordinary General Assembly meeting held on 20 September 2021 in Istanbul. The chairmen of the trustees of the foundation, representatives and delegates of the supporting organisations were the participants at the General Assembly where IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu gave a speech on the activities of the Foundation for the period July 2020-September 2021.  

    The opening speeches at the General Assembly were delivered by Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Director for EU Affairs Ambassador Faruk Kaymakcı, the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey (TOBB) Vice President Ali Kopuz, Istanbul Chamber of Commerce (ICOC) Chairman Şekib Avdagiç, Istanbul Chamber of Industry (ICI) Vice Chairman İrfan Özhamaratlı, Chairman of Turkish Exporters Assembly (TIM) İsmail Gülle and IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu.

    Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Director for EU Affairs Ambassador Kaymakcı emphasised the importance of IKV’s role in the civil society’s contribution to the EU process in Turkey. Giving a detailed account of relations with the EU, Ambassador Kaymakcı stressed the necessity to expand into new topics as a result of the current EU priorities regarding Green Deal, climate change, security and health.

    Representatives of IKV’s trustee institutions noted that the EU accession process has gained even more prominence and pointed out to the critical role IKV has assumed as “Turkey's EU expert”.  While recalling the important role the EU plays in Turkey's foreign trade and investments, they voiced the business community's expectations for the revival of the EU accession process. At the same time, they made a point of the need for IKV, as the EU expert of the business community, to continue its contribution to Turkey-EU relations in the post-COVID-19 normalisation period and stressed the need to increase Turkey’s share in the EU market.

    Hail to Europe with Turkey/ Hail to European Turkey    

    In his speech, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu said that IKV continued its activities by organising a series of webinars on critical issues concerning Turkey and the EU during the pandemic. Zeytinoğlu praised the success of signing a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the UK right after the completion of the EU-UK Trade Deal. However, he continued by saying that the fact that the FTA with the UK is not as favourable as the Customs Union with the EU is proof of the significance of the latter for Turkey.

    Zeytinoğlu also said that IKV has fulfilled its duty to warn and inform the Turkish public about the adjustments Turkey will be required to make with respect to the European Green Deal. He underlined the ongoing work and efforts to create a Civil Society Platform on this issue. IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu noted that the EU perspective gained even more significance at a time of such critical transformations and finalised his words by saying “Hail to Europe with Turkey and Hail to European Turkey”.    

    The newly elected IKV Board of Directors for the period 2021-2023 include Ayhan Zeytinoğlu, Prof. Halûk Kabaalioğlu, Sedat Zincirkıran, Atila Menevşe, İsmail Gülle, Tuncay Şahin, Can Yücaoğlu, Ömer Gülsoy Mehmet Kaya, Dr. Zeynel Abidin Erdem,  Ali Sami Aydın, Celal Kaya, Levent Taş,  Yavuz Altun, Süleyman Uyar, Akansel Koç and Hakkı İsmet Aral. Musfata İçöz and Türker Ateş were elected to serve in the Audit Committee.

    AUGUST 2021: “A MEDITERRANEAN TASK FORCE SHOULD BE ESTABLISHED AGAINST NATURAL DISASTERS”

    In a statement issued following the forest fires in the Mediterranean and Aegean regions, indicating that those have deeply affected all nations, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu said that the frequency and intensity of fires and similar natural disasters were exacerbated by the negative effects of climate change. Stating that a supranational arrangement to address wildfires was essential, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu said the following:

    “Both national statistics and the data collected under the EU’s Copernicus Programme reveal that there is a rapid increase in the course of extreme natural events. These events, which have intensified due to the impact of climate change, manifest themselves as extreme temperatures, excessive drought, and a decrease in precipitation in the Mediterranean. As a result, coupled with the negative effect of urbanisation, wildfires, and floods resulting from sudden rainfalls are more likely to occur. Regional countries which share a common fate could unite and form an emergency task force to be used to provide support in case of natural disasters in the Mediterranean.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that Turkey was already part of the EU Civil Protection Mechanism and in this context, Turkey could benefit from the rescEU support pool which could be used in emergencies:

    “Due to the rapid spread of wildfires affecting residential areas, Turkey requested assistance under the EU Civil Protection Mechanism and Croatia and Spain provided support by sending their firefighting planes. Turkey cooperates with the EU both by participating in this mechanism and through the use of EU’s land and climate monitoring data within the scope of the Copernicus Programme. However, the creation of a task force and an organisational arrangement for responding to extreme natural events and disasters caused by climate change in the region, paying particular attention to the challenges faced by Mediterranean countries, will undoubtedly provide a stronger response capacity. Furthermore, the establishment of an arrangement where Mediterranean countries could discuss their common problems and come up with solutions, would result in a common structure where countries could act together not only on disasters relating to climate change, but also on other cross-border issues such as migration. As IKV, we present this proposal to the public”.

    JULY 2021: THE EU STILL MATTERS FOR TURKEY

    In recent years, the difficulties and tensions experienced in Turkey's EU process have created a sense of despair and disappointment among the general public and political circles.

    Both the EU reforms coming to a standstill and the existence of circles within the EU that prevent Turkey's membership create exhaustion at times and lead to calls to abandon the EU goal. However, we must continue on our way without deviating from the target we have determined in this regard.

    As the late President Özal stated years ago, it is a well known fact from the beginning that the EU process is a long and narrow road.

    The criteria Turkey must fulfill in the EU accession process already meet the conditions that our country has chosen as a target for itself. The rule of law, democracy, human rights are the prerequisites of modern society and state.

    The EU is where Turkey naturally belongs economically, politically, and culturally within its geographical context. For this reason, abandoning this goal does not serve Turkey's high interests.

    Turkey continuing its march towards the EU is in line with its own socio-economic development goals.

    Even though the EU’s approach at times result in questioning of its values, the EU’s fundamental principles and goals coincide with universal values.

    In addition, the EU is going through a fundamental process of change and transformation. Projects such as the Green Deal, which will make the EU meaningful in the new century, are also of interest to Turkey and make the need for harmonization urgent.

    Moreover, this is not the time to redefine our relationship with the EU, itself undergoing a radical transformation and aims to overcome crises. It would be more accurate to follow the developments within the EU first and then to redefine our relationship, if necessary and accordingly.

    Turkey's becoming an EU member is dependent on Turkey fulfilling the EU criteria but also on the circumstances. Helmut Kohl, one of the former Prime Ministers of Germany, opposed Turkey's EU membership, but his successor Gerhard Schröder paved the way for Turkey to start negotiations with the EU.

    The conditions that make up the conjuncture would change rapidly. The critical issue is that Turkey continues to work towards becoming a suitable candidate for the EU by accelerating reforms, strengthening its own democracy and economy, and preparing to become a member when circumstances allow.

    Otherwise, it will not be in Turkey's interest to shelve the EU candidacy, which is one of the most significant gains in terms of Turkey's international position, and to embark on an uncertain path.

    Turkey’s place is in Europe. Without Turkey, the EU would be incomplete.

    JULY 2021: EU REPEATS ITS MISTAKES ON THE CYPRUS ISSUE: A CONSTRUCTIVE AND OBJECTIVE APPROACH MUST BE EMBRACED

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu commented on the statement issued on 27 July 2021 by EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Josep Borrell on the opening of the fenced off Maraş (Varosha). Reminding that resolving the Cyprus issue would contribute to the stability in the Eastern Mediterranean region, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that the EU must make an effort to this end. Underscoring that the EU’s current stance was nothing but a continuation of its former mistakes, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that unless the current stance was reversed, the EU could offer no contribution to a solution. Chairman Zeytinoğlu continued as follows:

    “As the Cyprus issue has remained unresolved, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) and Turkey concluded that a solution based on a federation is now futile, therefore they have proposed a two-state solution. Years long negotiations under the auspices of the UN have failed to yield results. Most recently, the negotiations in Crans Montana resulted in a failure. Subsequently, the pursuit of an alternative future for Cyprus is very natural.  The EU’s criticisms targeting Turkey’s Cyprus policy are highly unfair. The EU missed a vital opportunity when it admitted the Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus as the legitimate representative of the island as a member in 2004. While the Turkish Cypriots who accepted the Annan Plan were punished, Greek Cypriots who rejected the Annan Plan with overwhelming majority were rewarded. In the end, the side which acted contrary to EU values was rewarded. None of the promises made at that time to end the isolation of the northern side of the island were kept. The EU maintained its stance and continued with non-recognition of the TRNC. However, none of the EU's suggestions have succeeded in fostering a solution in Cyprus. The solutions which do not recognize the existence of the TRNC have no chance of succeeding. Realising this situation, the Turkish government and the TRNC changed their approach to the Cyprus issue. Lately, some criticisms were voiced by EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Josep Borrell on the opening of the fenced off Maraş. While the EU opposes changes to the status quo, it has failed to come up with a constructive proposal. The Eastern Mediterranean Conference proposed under the positive agenda aiming to revitalise Turkey-EU relations is yet to convene. The EU’s actions do not go beyond conveying the claims of the Greek and Greek Cypriot duo. In this sense, the EU continues to repeat its past mistakes. The EU complicates its relations with Turkey because of the Cyprus issue. Instead of improving its relations with a regional actor of 80 million people and reviving the accession process, the EU chooses to drag the relations into a dead-end by backing the Greek Cypriot Administration. Replacing this stance with a more objective and equitable approach seems the only way that could consolidate the EU’s influence in the region.”

    JUNE 2021: “IT IS TIME TO MOVE FROM DISCOURSE TO ACTION ON THE POSITIVE AGENDA”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu issued a statement ahead of the EU Summit to be held on 24-25 June 2021. Indicating that the positive agenda will be discussed in the context of Turkey-EU relations at the Summit, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu voiced his expectation for concrete steps in this regard. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu emphasized that the positive agenda, the foundations of which were laid at the European Council in October 2020 and has been on the agenda of the EU Summits ever since, should now be translated into practice. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu made the following remarks:

    “The positive agenda has created hope for a revival in Turkey-EU relations. Our main objective continues to be full membership. In this respect, although the positive agenda does not have the scope to replace the negotiation process, it could be instrumental in breaking the vicious circle under the current circumstances. Especially when we take into account the geopolitical developments, consolidating Turkey's position in Europe and strengthening its relations with the West, including the US, are of great importance in light of the shift in global balances. Here, it is necessary to draw attention to the emphasis on integration around common values, democracy and freedoms. A positive agenda can play an effective role in repairing Turkey's economic, political and geopolitical relations with the EU. But now is the time to move from rhetoric to action. The positive agenda was first proposed by the European Council in October last year. Its substance was developed at the Summit in March and it was introduced as a gradual, proportional and reversible approach. One of the most important elements of the positive agenda is the modernisation of the Customs Union. It is an issue that has been on the agenda since 2014 and it is essential to move to the implementation phase as soon as possible.

    The Green Deal and the digital agenda, which have substantially affected the EU's trade policy, have rendered the modernisation of the Customs Union even more urgent. The carbon border adjustment mechanism will bring an additional cost in exports to the EU, especially from energy-intensive sectors such as iron and steel, cement and aluminium. In addition, the Green Deal is changing the manufacturing and production standards applicable in the EU market. Reducing environmental impact and carbon footprint has become a key priority. This situation necessitates a revision of the economic and trade relationship between the EU and Turkey. At the same time, the need for alignment in environmental and climate policies is increasing. The chapter on Environment is one of the chapters opened in Turkey's accession negotiations and Turkey’s level of alignment with some EU legislation, such as the SEVESO Directive is well advanced. However, this alignment needs to be reflected in climate change as well. The modernisation of the Customs Union will allow this dimension of relations to be updated and revitalised. We expect concrete steps from tomorrow's Summit on modernisation of the Customs Union and launching the high-level dialogues.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also touched upon the issues of people-to-people contacts and cooperation on refugees in relation to the positive agenda and said:

    “Another important dimension of the relations is cooperation on migration and refugees and visa liberalisation. Especially on the refugee issue, Turkey plays an indispensable role for the EU. Our country is shouldering the burden of the EU by hosting approximately 4 million refugees. The passage of these refugees to the EU would have created a huge political and economic cost, especially for Member States such as Germany. In this respect, the role assumed by Turkey is very important. The Turkey-EU Statement of 18 March 2016 did not exclusively focus on refugee cooperation. In addition, there were articles on opening new chapters in the negotiations, ensuring visa liberalisation and the modernisation of the Customs Union. However, no progress has been made on these issues. The EU continued its 3+3 billion euro support to projects for Syrian refugees in Turkey. Currently, the continuation of this financial cooperation is on the agenda. However, its scope needs to be further extended and burden sharing should also be addressed. In addition, we maintain our expectations regarding the visa liberalisation process. The remaining criteria should be fulfilled swiftly for the issue to come to the agenda in the relations in the post-COVID-19 normalization process. We expect concrete steps for the effective functioning of the Customs Union and the implementation of the positive agenda.”

    APRIL 2021: "A SOLUTION IN CYPRUS CAN BE POSSIBLE WITH A NEW VISION BASED ON SOVEREIGN EQUALITY"

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu issued a press statement ahead of the 5+UN informal meeting on the Cyprus issue to be convened in Geneva on 27-29 April 2021. Indicating that Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) will go to Geneva with a new vision, IKV Chairman made the following remarks:

    “On 27-29 April, Turkish Cypriot and Greek Cypriot leaders and the representatives of the three guarantor powers; Turkey, Greece and the UK will come together in Geneva under the auspices of UN Secretary General António Guterres. The parties are expected to openly express their views on the future of the island and the settlement of the Cyprus issue in the meeting which will be held in an informal format. During the three-day Geneva meeting, UN Secretary General Guterres will try to determine whether the parties could meet on a common vision for a lasting solution to the  Cyprus issue. In this respect, the Geneva meeting does not entail a negotiation round, but it is held in order to determine whether common ground exists for launching a new process.

    In Geneva, the TRNC with full support from Turkey, will present its new vision of  a two-state solution based on sovereign equality. As known, despite the constructive stance and good faith demonstrated by Turkey and the Turkish Cypriot side, the pursuit of a solution on the basis of a bi-zonal and bi-communal federation which has been the formula until now, has repeatedly failed to produce results because of the intransigence of the Greek Cypriot side. Despite having rejected the Annan Plan envisaging a federal solution with a majority of 76 percent, the Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus (GCASC) was admitted to the EU based on the claim that it represented the entire island which was in violation of international law and EU values. On the other hand, the Turkish Cypriot side, who said ‘yes’ to the plan with 65 percent, was deprived of the benefits of EU membership due to the attitude of the other side and continues to be subject to embargoes. Initiatives aimed at ending the isolation of the Turkish Cypriot side such as the Direct Trade Regulation could not be implemented due to the Greek Cypriot side’s objections. The unilateral EU accession of the Greek Cypriot side has rendered resolving the Cyprus issue even more difficult. Once in the EU, the Greek Cypriot side has not hesitated to use its position within the EU against Turkey and the Turkish Cypriots and abuse the EU’s decision-making procedures to this end, as it continued to be the party walking away from the negotiation table. As made crystal clear during the Crans Montana talks in July 2017 which broke down due to the maximalist demands and intransigence of the Greek Cypriot side, the Greek Cypriot Administration does not intend to share political power nor prosperity with the Turkish Cypriot side.

    As long as the mentality that sees Turkish Cypriots as a minority rather than an equal partner persists on the Greek Cypriot side, reaching a partnership on the basis of a federation does not seem possible. The current situation, in which 53-year-long efforts for a solution have failed to produce results, requires new ideas on the Cyprus issue and a new vision based on the existing realities on the island. As argued by Turkey and the TRNC, cooperation between two states living side by side on the basis of equal status and sovereign equality is the realistic and sustainable solution. At this point, it is understood that initiating a new process in Cyprus will depend on the acceptance of the sovereign equality of the TRNC. In Geneva, the Turkish Cypriot side will explain to the other participants why the two-state solution model based on sovereign equality is the realistic, sustainable and right solution. We hope that rather than insisting on the federal solution that has been repeatedly tried and instrumentalized by the Greek Cypriot side to maintain the status quo, the other stakeholders of the process will be open to new ideas at the meeting in Geneva."

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu concluded his speech by evaluating the EU’s position and said the following: “The EU has also requested to participate in the informal meeting in Geneva as an observer. However, it was stated that the EU representatives would not participate in the Geneva meeting after the TRNC voiced valid concerns about the impartiality of the EU due to Greece and the Greek Cypriot Administration being EU members. The EU, which has made a huge strategic mistake by admitting the Greek Cypriot side as a member prior to a solution in Cyprus at the expense of its own values, has lost its objectivity in the context of the Cyprus issue. As known, due to the EU's strategic mistake, the opening of a total number of 14 chapters and the provisional closing of all chapters in Turkey’s EU accession talks have been blocked by the EU Council and the Greek Cypriot Administration. Moreover, the EU’s disregard for the legitimate rights of Turkey and Turkish Cypriots and its unconditional support for Greek and Greek Cypriot claims regarding the disputes over sharing of natural resources and maritime jurisdiction areas in the Eastern Mediterranean under the pretext of ‘Union solidarity', have strained Turkey-EU relations. We invite the EU to pursue a balanced position regarding the Cyprus issue. The EU, designing tools to convince the Greek Cypriot side to act in a more constructive way, instead of taking steps to reinforce the injustice caused by the unilateral membership of the Greek Cypriot Administration, can contribute to improving Turkey-EU relations as well as peace and stability in the Eastern Mediterranean. We call on the EU to deliver on its promises to the Turkish Cypriot people."

     

     

    APRIL 2021: “THE VISIT BY EU LEADERS IS PROMISING FOR THE FUTURE OF RELATIONS”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement concerning the visit by European Council President Charles Michel and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen to Turkey on 6 April 2021. Stating that relations with the EU have been at a freezing point for a long time, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu emphasized that the visit indicates an important revival in the relations. Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that the positive agenda, first proposed at the EU Summit in October 2020, has begun to materialize and should be implemented as soon as possible without further delay. Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated the following:

    "The visit by the Presidents of the European Council and European Commission is of great importance as the first high level and face to face contact in a long time. It also points to an important stage in the realization of the positive political agenda which the EU first proposed in October 2020. Relations had been in the deep freeze for some time, and tension dominated particularly the Eastern Mediterranean and the foreign policy agenda. Moderation here, shone a beam of light for the revitalisation of Turkey-EU relations. The positive agenda proposed by the EU does not include a return to the accession negotiations, however it is essential for restoring and putting the relations back on track for future re-operationalisation of the full EU membership strategy which is the ideal strategy for Turkey. The positive agenda includes cooperation on refugees, the resumption of high level dialogues and the enhancement of people-to-people contacts, as well as economic cooperation and modernisation of the Customs Union.”

    Emphasizing that the business community has expectations regarding the modernisation of the Customs Union which is part of the positive agenda proposed by the EU for restoring and reviving relations with Turkey, Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that they expected the process to be launched immediately:

    “Here, the expectation of the business community is for the Customs Union modernisation process to be launched as soon as possible. The framework for the modernisation of the Customs Union has already been established through the report prepared by the World Bank in 2016. Therefore, it is beneficial to start this process immediately and without further delay. Otherwise, in addition to the Cyprus problem, the upcoming elections in the two leading EU countries; Germany and France in September 2021 and 2022, respectively, may cause a stalemate in the Council. Modernisation of the Customs Union is a win-win situation for both sides. Moreover, the modernisation of the Customs Union will foster dialogue and cooperation on the Green Deal and digitalisation which are the EU’s two main priorities and hold considerable significance for Turkey’s economy. It is extremely important for both Turkey and the EU to seize this opportunity. As for the other important issue that is visa liberalisation, the fulfilment of the six remaining benchmarks by Turkey will enable the re-launch of the EU reform process, as a preliminary step. Steps could be taken for revitalising the process by returning to the EU political and economic reforms and implementing the measures envisaged in the recently announced Human Rights Action Plan and Economic Reform Package. In turn, in order to restore its relationship with Turkey, which is of strategic importance for security and stability in Europe, and turn it into a mutually beneficial relationship, the EU should not refrain from taking concrete steps such as giving a negotiating mandate to the Commission for the modernisation of the Customs Union immediately.”

    MARCH 2021: “WE RECEIVE THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL CONCLUSIONS WITH CAUTIOUS OPTIMISM”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu commented on the European Council conclusions under the heading “Eastern Mediterranean” regarding relations with Turkey. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that EU’s portrayal of the willingness to revive relations with Turkey was positive. Chairman Zeytinoğlu also emphasized the importance of developing the relations with the EU, which is designing its future around European Green Deal principles, and stated that the prospective of a full membership preserves its importance; thus, it is crucial for Turkey not to give up on the reform process. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu continued as follows:

    “We receive the conclusions of the EU Summit with cautious optimism. Welcoming the de-escalation in the Eastern Mediterranean warmly, the European Council made some recommendations to improve cooperation with Turkey. However, the realisation of these recommendations is made conditional upon the continuation of tranquillity in the Eastern Mediterranean. Stating that cooperation will be progressive, proportionate and reversible, attention is drawn to progress in the following areas: economic cooperation, authorising the Commission to resolve the problems in the Turkey-EU Customs Union and initiating the modernisation process and a high-level dialogue including on topics such as climate and public health, progress in people-to-people contacts and mobility, and continuation of cooperation on refugees.

    It is stated that the European Council held in June will revert to the issue and the developments concerning the Eastern Mediterranean will be monitored closely till then. Particularly, the fact that the modernisation of the Customs Union is brought to the agenda is a positive development. Moreover, initiating a high-level dialogue and proposing new topics for discussion such as climate and public health will also be beneficial for addressing and coordinating the issues on the EU agenda together. Concerning people-to-people contacts and mobility, the concept of visa liberalisation is not mentioned. However, in the report prepared by Josep Borrell to be presented to the European Council this was mentioned. The rapid fulfilment of the six remaining benchmarks for visa liberalisation will accelerate the process. Cooperation on refugees should be resumed swiftly. In this respect, the European Council mentions the significance of Turkey’s cooperation continuation in readmission and control of irregular migration within the scope of the 18 March Turkey-EU Statement. However, while emphasizing cooperation on refugees, the failure to mention crucial issues included in the 18 March Statement such as the revitalisation of accession negotiations, realisation of visa liberalisation as well as the resettlement of Syrians from Turkey into the EU under the voluntary humanitarian admission scheme can be interpreted as double standards. The fact that democracy, human rights and rule of law are declared as an integral part of Turkey-EU relations is worth mentioning particularly for the candidacy perspective. Focusing on reforms in the field of economy and politics in Turkey until June will pave the way for a revitalisation of relations with the EU. The European Council requested to advance the work for the Eastern Mediterranean Conference which was also proposed by Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Moreover, a solution in Cyprus within the framework of the UN is mentioned and it is stated that the EU will participate in the upcoming talks in April as an observer and provide support. Keeping the Eastern Mediterranean and Aegean problems in a moderate framework with such diplomatic initiatives will be beneficial for peace and security in the region. Turkey and EU moving together is of utmost importance for post-COVID-19 normalisation, economic recovery, increasing foreign investments and revival of trade. We support close coordination and cooperation and coherent progress with Turkey on issues which are high on the EU agenda namely; the Green Deal and digitalisation.”

    MARCH 2021: “TURKEY IS INDISPENSABLE FOR THE EU, JUST AS THE EU IS INDISPENSABLE FOR TURKEY”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement about Turkey-EU relations ahead of the European Council meeting to be held via videoconference on 25-26 March 2021. Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that Turkey was also one of the top issues on the agenda of the October and December EU Summits and that a more comprehensive discussion had been postponed to the March Summit. Chairman Zeytinoğlu went on to say that the report prepared by the EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice President of the EU Commission Josep Borrell will be discussed in detail by the leaders during the March Summit. IKV Chairman stated that the aforementioned report had been published before the Summit began and that it contained advice/proposals and a roadmap on the future of relations with Turkey. Chairman Zeytinoğlu underlined Turkey’s goal of EU membership and said that Turkey-EU relations should not be taken out of that context and off the route to accession. Chairman Zeytinoğlu continued by saying:

    “The 25-26 March EU Summit is crucial for the future of Turkey-EU relations. The discussion on Turkey-EU relations during the December Summit had been postponed to March and EU High Representative Borrell was tasked with preparing a report on the issue. Borrell’s report has been published. The report draws attention to the positive developments in relation to the de-escalation of tensions in the Eastern Mediterranean but states that more time is needed to fully assess the situation and that the EU’s approach towards Turkey will take better shape after the June Summit. Borrell puts forward a roadmap consisting of two alternative routes in his report. It is suggested in the report that Turkey should pay attention to the EU's priorities on the topics of the Eastern Mediterranean and foreign policy and reinvigorate relations in a positive direction by displaying an approach that aims to reduce tensions. If that is not the case, the report proposes a number of phased sanctions. It is very upsetting to see that the sanctions are still on the agenda. Looking back at the history and comprehensive nature of Turkey-EU relations, the fact is that the relations should have been at a higher level than they are today. We hope that the EU re-evaluates its Turkey policy, taking into consideration the accession procedure. In doing this, the first step of the process of modernisation of the Customs Union needs to begin shortly. High level dialogues and close cooperation should start with special attention being paid to issues relating to the Green Deal and digitalisation. In the meantime, Turkey should take concrete actions to activate the Human Rights Action Plan and the Economic Reform Package and take advantage of the positive dynamic created by doing so. Turkey also needs to speed up efforts to fulfil the remaining six benchmarks required for visa liberalisation. Turkey should also, in line with its international commitments, initiate the approval process for Paris Climate Agreement and cancel its withdrawal from the Istanbul Convention, the formation of which Turkey contributed to.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu analysed the roadmap for Turkey-EU relations proposed in Borrell’s report in more detail:

    “In the report, reference is made to positive steps that need to be taken as a continuation of a more moderate atmosphere in the Eastern Mediterranean and as part of the positive agenda proposed after the October and December Summits. In this regard, it is envisaged that migration management and economic ties are strengthened, high level dialogues launched and people to people contacts enhanced. With respect to migration management, Turkey should accept 1450 returnees from the Greek islands. In return, the EU should begin resettling Syrian refugees, starting with the most vulnerable groups in Member States. There is no mention of the number of refugees to be resettled in this respect. On the one hand, the report mentions modernisation and expansion of the Turkey-EU Customs Union as a means of strengthening the economic ties. However, on the other hand, it is mentioned that the EU Council needs to authorise the Commission to begin the negotiations with Turkey. Yet for this to happen, a precondition is put forth; that Turkey should resolve the issues damaging trade with the EU. The fact that no mention has been made in the report pertaining to transportation quotas as well as Turkey being left out of the FTAs the EU signs with other parties is a major shortcoming. High level dialogues were suspended by the EU in 2019. Now it is proposed that high level dialogues should be relaunched in the areas of economy, transport, political developments, foreign affairs and security policies. High level dialogues on issues of Green Deal/climate, internal security, culture and interfaith relations are also among the proposals made in the report. High level dialogues on issues of Green Deal which initiated the transformation of the EU economy are especially crucial as it is very relevant for Turkey. Finally, under the people to people contacts heading, Turkey’s participation in the new generation EU programmes is encouraged and a reference is made to visa liberalisation. It is stated that the Commission is willing to advise on the benchmarks which Turkey has not yet fulfilled. It would have been more constructive if emphasis were put on how fulfilling these benchmarks would lead the way to visa liberalisation. Borrell’s report also mentions the possibility of phased sanctions in case the tensions rise in the Eastern Mediterranean. In this respect, the proposal includes additional sanctions: additional listings of individuals to be targeted with sanctions as proposed at the December Summit but has not been implemented, extending the scope of sanctions to include legal persons, limiting the economic cooperation and operations of the EIB and other financial institutions, applying pressure on certain sectors of the economy through issuing warnings against tourism and travel to Turkey and to apply additional sanctions in the form of import and export bans of certain products and technologies in the energy sector as well as other relevant sectors. We hope that there will not be a need for these sanctions and that Turkey-EU relations will develop on a constructive basis and based on a win-win formula.”

    MARCH 2021: IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU’S 8 MARCH INTERNATIONAL WOMEN`S DAY MESSAGE

    In a statement issued on the occasion of 8 March International Women's Day, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu congratulated all women and underscored the themes of women's rights and gender equality. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu reminded that Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey, saw improving the status of women in the society and ensuring their participation in all areas of life as one of the most important priorities and has made a breakthrough in women's rights. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu emphasized that despite this, there are important problems regarding the situation of women and gender equality, and made the following remarks:

    “8 March is a day when issues of women's rights and gender equality come to the fore in Turkey, as in the whole world. First of all, I congratulate all women and the whole society on International Women's Day. Women, who make up half of society, produce much more than half when it comes to labour. They labour doing paid or unpaid work, in the field, in factories and at home. However, when it comes to equal pay, equal rights and freedoms, we unfortunately see that the balances turn against women. We observe a very dangerous and worrying increase in violence against women in recent years. This situation is unacceptable. Steps should be taken to ensure women's equal participation in business, public and political life. All forms of violence against women should be punished in the most severe way, without any penalty reduction."

    Stating that IKV is an institution that has always applied positive discrimination towards women in its approach to recruitment and employees, Zeytinoğlu added that utmost attention was being paid to the principle of equal representation in the events and panels organised. Chairman Zeytinoğlu, stressed that women’s rights and gender equality are also important for Turkey’s EU membership goal. Recalling that Turkey was among the first signatories of the Istanbul Convention on preventing and combating violence against women, he concluded his remarks by saying:

    "As Turkey, we are a candidate country for EU membership and do not accept any alternative other than full membership. The EU is a union of countries founded on common values, the most important of which are ensuring gender equality and the prohibition of gender-based discrimination. The EU has not fully achieved these objectives. However, ensuring gender equality is at the forefront in all policy priorities of the EU. Last year, the EU published a gender equality strategy aimed at addressing existing inequalities. The COVID-19 pandemic has made women's situation even more difficult and adversely affected gender equality. As Turkey, we support making improving women’s wages and working conditions, provision of institutional support in child and elderly care and ensuring women’s equal representation in all areas from company boards to the parliament and cabinet important objectives.”

    MARCH 2021: THE HUMAN RIGHTS ACTION PLAN PROMISES SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS FOR THE JUSTICE SYSTEM AND RULE OF LAW

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu commented on the Human Rights Action Plan which was  presented to the public by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan on 2 March 2021. Stating that the plan consisting of nine objectives, 50 targets and 393 actions was comprehensive, progressive and promising, and important for advancing Turkey’s relations with the EU, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu made the following remarks:

    “Today, I had the opportunity to attend the meeting where President Erdoğan presented the Human Rights Action Plan. I think that by swiftly implementing the plan consisting of nine objectives, 50 targets and 393 actions, substantial progress could be achieved in the rule of law, judiciary and justice in Turkey. This plan is also very important in terms of advancing Turkey's EU accession process. Looking at the principles on which the plan is based, issues such as human rights, human dignity, equality before the law without discrimination, freedom of thought, rule of law principles and access to justice contain universal legal norms. At the same time, it is in full compliance with the principles and values enshrined in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. Looking at the nine objectives on which the plan is based, advancing on these would mean Turkey making progress in the EU process."

    Indicating that the Human Rights Action Plan should also be seen as a response to the recent criticisms by EU institutions and officials that Turkey was moving away from the EU, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu continued his remarks as follows:

    "A swift implementation of the Human Rights Action Plan will ensure the revitalisation of Turkey's EU process and the acceleration of reforms on the axis of common values. Protecting human rights and raising awareness, strengthening judicial independence and the right to a fair trial, freedom of expression, association and religion, protection of property rights, personal liberty and security, and strengthening the material and moral integrity of the individual, which are the objectives expressed by President Erdoğan, are of critical importance for the integrity, predictability and transparency  of the justice system. In addition to being necessary and in compliance with the criteria Turkey needs to meet as a candidate country, this will also ensure the fulfilment of the benchmarks in the visa liberalisation process. In particular, protecting freedom of expression and removing expression of thoughts from the scope of terrorism, evaluating criticism under freedom of expression and strengthening the Law on Protection of Personal Data will ensure that two of the six remaining benchmarks in the EU visa liberalisation roadmap are fulfilled. Beyond that, it will also lead to significant developments in revitalising Turkey's EU process, creating a favourable climate for foreign investment and improving relations with the West in general.”

    JANUARY 2021: LET NOT ONLY 2021, BUT EVERY YEAR BE THE YEAR OF THE EU

    On 21 January 2021, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu commented on the latest developments regarding the EU process on the occasion of Foreign Minister and Chief Negotiator Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu’s visit to Brussels. Pointing out to President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s meetings with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and ambassadors of EU countries, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu said that the efforts to accelerate and put Turkey-EU relations back on track should be appreciated. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu said that Turkey-EU relations, which have recently gone through a difficult period, were extremely important not only in strategic terms, but also in economic and trade terms. Indicating that relations should be put on a positive trajectory on the basis of mutual benefits, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stressed that full membership to the EU should continue to be the ultimate goal.

    Commenting on the developments in Germany, the leading country in the EU, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu assessed the election of Armin Laschet as the new leader of German Chancellor Merkel’s CDU party, who would  continue Merkel's moderate line, as a positive development. Chairman Zeytinoğlu welcomed the visit by German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas on 18 January as a positive start for the development of mutual dialogue and made the following remarks:

    “2021 started on a hopeful note for relations with the EU. President Erdoğan's meetings and statements that the EU remains a strategic objective, indicate that the EU is at the forefront as a priority again. Steps to reduce tension in the Eastern Mediterranean and the visit by German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas point out that diplomacy will be much more determining in relations with the EU this year. I say that let not only 2021, but every year following it be the year of the EU. Recently, we have experienced significant loss of ground in the EU process. It is necessary to reclaim the lost ground and overcome the impasse in the relations starting with the modernisation of the Customs Union, visa liberalisation and cooperation on refugees. Obviously, these should not be considered as processes to replace full membership, but rather as steps to facilitate the process leading to it. Turkey’s EU orientation should be sustained through acceleration of reform steps in economic governance and political reforms in the areas of judiciary and democratisation. We have done this in the early 2000s. We can do it again. Particularly, the efforts to fulfil the remaining 6 out of the 72 benchmarks in the visa liberalisation process should be accelerated. Concrete reform steps will also affect EU’s approach to Turkey positively. Armin Laschet, who has been elected as the new President of Chancellor Merkel's CDU party in Germany, is a politician who will continue Merkel’s line and prevent the party from moving further to the right. Laschet is known for his affinity to refugees and moderate stance, which is an opportunity for Turkey. Germany is Turkey’s most important partner in the EU. In this respect, by keeping relations with Germany close and taking into consideration that this will also have positive reflections on the EU process, we hope that 2021 and every year after that will be the year of the EU.”

  • DECEMBER 2020: TURKEY-UK FTA WILL ENSURE THE CONTINUITY OF BILATERAL TRADE UNDER SIMILAR CONDITIONS

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu stated that the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) to be signed on 29 December 2020 is a pleasing development whereas reminding that to be able to sign a deal right after the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement, is a big success from part of the Turkish Trade Ministry which had been conducting bilateral negotiations with the UK during the transition period. IKV Chairman continued as follows:

    “The UK is a crucial trade partner for Turkey, as it ranks our second biggest export market after Germany. Moreover, the UK is the 6th biggest economy in the world. Last year, our bilateral trade volume reached 25.25 billion dollars, while during the first 11 months of 2020, Turkey’s exportation to the UK was calculated around 10 billion dollars despite the conditions created by the pandemic. The FTA which will be signed today (29 December) will ensure the continuity of the trade relations between Turkey and the UK. But the Turkey-UK FTA must enter into force on 1 January 2021. The representatives of sectors such as gold, textile, garment, automotive, home appliances, machinery, iron, and steel that are among the biggest exports to the UK and of sectors that are highly dependent on importation from the UK were deeply concerned about the possibility of a ‘No Deal Brexit’. With the EU-UK Deal sector, representatives will be able to breathe again. On the other hand, although the Turkey-UK FTA will ensure the continuity of bilateral relations concerning industrial goods and processed agricultural products it will be based on country of origin certificate as Customs Union will end between the parties. 

    The Turkey-UK FTA will ensure the existing trade continuity without any tariffs or quotas. In the deal, there also is a provision allowing the parties to negotiate the scope of bilateral relations and to expand them into new sectors by 2022. Therefore, it will be possible for bilateral relations to include areas such as services, digital tools, and agriculture. This will pave the way for a deep and comprehensive trade agreement which will allow deepening bilateral trade and investment relations. 

    Lastly, Zeytinoğlu argued possible implications of the Turkey-UK FTA on the modernisation of the Turkey-EU Customs Union stating the following:

    “The modernisation of the Customs Union with the EU, which is the biggest trade partner of Turkey, has not started yet due to political reasons. Nevertheless, on 1 October, the European Council offered a positive political agenda for Turkey that included the modernisation of the Customs Union. The issue will be negotiated at the European Council in March 2021. The fact that Turkey has signed an FTA could be an incentive to accelerate the modernisation process of Turkey-EU Customs Union, which would be a very positive achievement in Turkey’s exportation goals and also regarding foreign investment.”

    DECEMBER 2020: THE MUCH ANTICIPATED POST-BREXIT DEAL HAS BEEN AGREED: HOW WILL IT AFFECT TURKEY?

    The UK will leave EU membership on 31 December 2020. The negotiations on the new relationship between the UK and the EU have been very difficult and after months, a compromise was finally reached. In this way, the threat of a no-deal Brexit was prevented. On 25 December 2020, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu issued a statement assessing the EU-UK agreement on post-Brexit relations. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu welcomed the agreement and stated that the compromise reached on the outstanding issues was also a positive development for Turkey. He made the following remarks:

    “Brexit, which has been going on for more than four years, and the process of concluding a new agreement between the UK and the EU is finally about to be completed. In the negotiations that have been going on for months, no agreement was reached on three issues: Fishing rights, level playing field provisions, implementation of the agreement and dispute resolution. Negotiations on fishing continued until the very last moment. The EU demanded that EU fishermen continue fishing in UK territorial waters while the UK wanted to limit this right. It is a welcome development that an agreement involving trade in goods and services has finally been reached. With the mutual maintenance of zero tariffs and zero quotas, annual trade worth approximately 1 trillion dollars is guaranteed. However, there may be some commercial difficulties, delays and backlogs arising from border controls, regulatory differences, and bureaucratic procedures. As a result, the EU and UK will now operate as separate markets. The UK will now negotiate and conclude its own trade agreements. It will be able to implement different norms and standards.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also stressed the importance of the post-Brexit deal for Turkey, and said:

    "In case of a no-deal Brexit, Turkey would be among the most affected parties after the EU. In this respect, the agreement comes as a huge relief especially to Turkish exporters. Leaving the EU, the UK will also leave the Ankara Agreement on the basis of which the Customs Union had been founded. For this reason, there is a need for a new agreement to regulate the relations between the two parties. Turkey’s Ministry of Trade has made significant progress in the negotiations of this new agreement with the UK and the negotiations are about to be completed. Now that an agreement has been reached between the UK and the EU, it will be possible for this agreement to swiftly come into effect. In this way, commercial losses will be prevented. For the continuation of exports, we hope that this new agreement will be approved quickly and become effective as soon as possible.”

    DECEMBER 2020: IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU: “TIME TO TAKE STEPS IN TURKEY-EU RELATIONS”

    Indicating that Turkey was passing through a significant turning point in the EU accession process, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu stressed the need to speed up the reforms to revitalise relations with the EU. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu pointed out to Turkey’s critical importance for reaching EU’s objectives of economic resilience and strategic autonomy in the post-COVID-19 era. Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that recently there were some disagreements on foreign policy issues between Turkey and the EU and that the Greek Cypriot Administration and Greece bringing their bilateral disputes with Turkey on to the EU platform undermined the relations. Zeytinoğlu indicated that France’s approach vis-à-vis Turkey was far from being constructive whereas Germany as the current holder of the EU’s rotating presidency was moderating the radical attitudes displayed by some Member States and with the support of Member States such as Italy and Spain preventing the relations from taking a worse course. He made the following remarks:

    “We are going through a critical phase in our relations with the EU. Meeting at the European Council on 10 December 2020, EU Member States confirmed that the positive agenda proposed on 1 October 2020 was still valid. As it can be recalled, the positive agenda pointed to areas such as Customs Union modernisation, trade facilitation, people to people contacts, cooperation on migration and the resumption of high-level dialogues to revitalise the relations. However, the realisation of the positive agenda was made conditional upon Turkey ceasing its activities in the Eastern Mediterranean. It was stated that for Turkey the objective of EU membership continued, but linking it to vital Turkish foreign policy issues was deemed inappropriate. The proposal for a positive agenda was reiterated at the European Council meeting of 10 December 2020. States advocating harsh sanctions for Turkey ahead of the summit did not get what they wanted. However, this does not mean that the problems are solved. In the coming period, we must speed up the steps aimed at restoring the relations with the EU”.

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that the EU's approach of imposing sanctions on Turkey because of its actions of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Aegean was unfair. Indicating that Turkey was the candidate country having the most deep-rooted relations with the EU, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stressed that Turkey was fulfilling very important functions for the security of Europe at its borders. He said that totally submitting to the claims by Greece and the Greek Cypriot Administration and confronting Turkey was in contradiction with the EU’s strategic vision. Additionally, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu underscored that Turkey had an opportunity to restore its relations with the EU through political and economic reforms. He continued as follows:

     "The EU will revert to Turkey-EU relations at the summit in March. Tougher decisions could come out unless there is an improvement in the relations by then. The EU is a very important partner as a destination for half of our exports and two thirds of foreign direct investment flows to our country. In addition, the fact that we have a membership objective highlights the EU’s position further. A series of reform steps must be taken without wasting time to move forward towards these objectives. First of all, steps can be taken quickly to fulfil the remaining benchmarks in the visa liberalisation process. Turkey has already fulfilled 66 of the 72 benchmarks. Taking action to meet the remaining benchmarks quickly will have a positive effect on the relations. Moreover, necessary reforms should be undertaken in order for our country to achieve a better performance in the field of rule of law, judicial independence and fundamental rights. In 2018, citing that Turkey was moving away from the EU, the EU had stated that no new chapters would be opened and the talks aimed at the modernisation of the Customs Union would not be launched. Since then, the problems related to the Customs Union have continued and the solution of the problems has become more urgent. The reforms I have mentioned are of great importance in launching this process and extending it into new sectors such as agriculture, services and public procurement. Returning to EU reforms again as in the early 2000s, will also pave the way for this process to begin. The modernisation of the Customs Union will make it easier for Turkey to align with the new norms and standards generated by recent initiatives such as EU’s Digital Agenda and the European Green Deal. This way, our competitiveness in the EU market will increase and our role in value chains will become even more important. Advancing economic integration with the EU will also contribute to Turkey's goal to rank among the world’s ten biggest economies.”

    DECEMBER 2020: IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU ASSESSED THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL CONCLUSIONS

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu issued a statement following the European Council meeting of 10 December 2020, in which relations with Turkey were discussed. Evaluating the Council’s decision not to adopt the harsh sanctions stipulated by some Member States prior to the meeting as a positive development, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that this did not imply an end to the problems between Turkey and the EU. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu pointed out to the importance of operationalizing swiftly the dialogue and cooperation mechanisms for resolving the outstanding problems and advancing Turkey-EU relations. He made the following remarks:

    “No harsh sanction decision came out of the European Council meeting held on 10 December 2020. The European Council gave directives to the Foreign Affairs Council to expand the list of restrictive measures consisting of officials participating in hydrocarbon exploration activities in the Eastern Mediterranean. In addition, it was stated that the positive agenda that was proposed on 1 October 2020 was still on the table and that the development of a cooperative and mutually beneficial relationship with Turkey was in the EU's interest. It seems that the future of the relations and whether more comprehensive sanctions will be imposed will also be coordinated with the next US administration under Biden which will come to power in January 2021, and the issue will come to the agenda of the European Council again in March 2021. In this period, we need to work towards advancing the EU process through diplomatic initiatives and reform efforts. We should eliminate the possibility of the US and the EU imposing coordinated harsh sanctions. The EU is Turkey's largest export market. It is of utmost importance that we maintain and increase our share in the EU market, EU investments continue to flow to our country and that political tension is defused. In this period, convening an international conference to resolve the outstanding issues in the Eastern Mediterranean - an idea supported by both Turkey and the EU, could play a crucial role in overcoming tensions. Through its hydrocarbon exploration activities, Turkey has made it clear that no mechanism excluding Turkey will be sustainable in the Eastern Mediterranean. In the coming period, the resolution of the problems in the Eastern Mediterranean through diplomacy and multilateralism will reflect positively on the future of Turkey-EU relations.”

    Indicating that there were numerous issues that needed to be discussed and negotiated between Turkey and the EU, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu referred to the modernisation of the Customs Union and visa liberalisation which are of particular interest to the business community. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu concluded his remarks as follows:

    "The issue of sanctions is not new in the EU and Turkey relations. In fact, as early as 2006, the decision of the Council not to open eight chapters linked the Customs Union and not to provisionally close any chapters due to the Cyprus issue was also a sanction. More recently, sanctions came one after another in 2018 and 2019. In essence, not being able to launch the negotiations aimed at the modernisation of the Customs Union today is a sanction. Through the EU’s new generation free trade agreements (FTAs) many countries such as Vietnam are gaining concessions in the EU market. With the European Green Deal and the Digital Agenda, the EU is renewing its standards and practices in almost all sectors such as trade, industry, agriculture and transportation. Turkey also needs to take part in this process and ensure compliance. These issues could also be addressed in the Customs Union modernisation process, along with the resolution of problems such as FTAs and transportation quotas and the inclusion of agriculture and services sectors. Moreover, another important issue is  visa liberalisation. Turkey has taken important steps in this area. It has fulfilled 66 of 72 the benchmarks. Turkey should fulfil the remaining benchmarks and demonstrate its commitment to reforms. We share common values with the EU in the fields of judiciary, law, fundamental rights and freedoms. We also need to reflect these values in the reform process."

    NOVEMBER 2020: IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU ISSUED A STATEMENT ON IKV’S 55TH ANNIVERSARY

    On 26 November 2020, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu issued a statement on the occasion of the 55th anniversary of the establishment of IKV. Indicating that IKV’s establishment two years after the signature of the Ankara Agreement demonstrated the importance attributed to relations with Europe by the Turkish business community, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu made the following statement:

    "Today is an important day for IKV and Turkey's EU journey. 55 years ago, Turkey's visionary business people founded IKV as a research organisation and a civil society organization with the aim to steer relations with the then European Economic Community. On this occasion, we commemorate the then Presidents of Istanbul Chamber of Industry (ICI) and Istanbul Chamber of Commerce (ICC); Fazıl Zobu and Behçet Osmanağaoğlu. We would like to extend our gratitude to our Founders ICI and ICC and to all our Trustees and Supporters in particular the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey (TOBB).

    Since then, IKV has always felt the support of the Turkish business community and has made significant contributions to the process. IKV has been Turkey’s door opening to the EU during the negotiations on the Additional Protocol, the reinstatement of relations in the aftermath of the 1980 coup, the EC membership application, the decision establishing the Customs Union, declaration of Turkey’s EU candidacy and the launch of accession negotiations. IKV has contributed to the relations in the way of research, publications, seminars and projects. Increasing Turkey’s awareness of the EU and EU’s awareness of Turkey has been among IKV’s priorities. Today, IKV continues its work with the same determination and dedication. IKV has been focused on the issue regardless of the ebbs and downs in the relations and without being affected by conjectural shifts. We have always said the following: ‘When relations with the EU are good, everyone turns pro-EU. The main thing is to take ownership of the process when the relations are not going well and to produce ideas and make efforts for restoring them.’ We are happy and honoured to be able to do this.

    Today, we are watching closely the revitalisation of the accession process, the modernisation of the Customs Union, visa liberalisation and cooperation on refugees along with EU’s priorities in the new era such as the European Green Deal, and we are carrying our mission of informing and alerting the public about their effects on Turkey. We believe in a Turkey which is European and a Europe which is Turkish, and we are working towards this goal.”

     

    OCTOBER 2020: IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU CALLED FOR INCREASING INVESTMENTS IN THE TRNC

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu wished success to Ersin Tatar, who was elected as the new President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) by winning 51.69% of the votes in the second round of the presidential race on 18 October 2020, and called for speeding up investments to the TRNC in the coming period. He made the following statement:

    "We are fully confident that the newly elected President of TRNC Mr. Tatar, will defend the interests of the Turkish Cypriot people in the best possible way. In the coming period, as the Turkish business community, we will continue to stand by the TRNC and the Turkish Cypriot people. In addition to the strategic importance of the TRNC, its development as an investment base is of great importance. This will help TRNC become stronger in the international arena.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that the application of incentive tools equivalent to the ones applied in Regions 5 and 6 in Turkey would ensure the increase of investments in the TRNC, and said:

    “TRNC is a country suitable for effective investments especially in agriculture sectors such as fresh fruit and vegetable cultivation and greenhouse cultivation and services sectors such as education and tourism. To encourage investment in these areas, incentive mechanisms equivalent to the ones used in Region 5 and 6 in Turkey should be applied. Such an incentive system will create a win-win formula for both Turkey and the TRNC. TRNC’s economic development will make it a more attractive destination in the Eastern Mediterranean. This will also strengthen TRNC’s hand against the Greek Cypriot Administration (GCASC) and make its negotiating position stronger. So far, the efforts within the framework of the UN have failed to yield results. We have seen that the party that does not want a solution is the GCASC. Also, the EU has ignored the TRNC. Neither the Direct Trade Regulation could be implemented nor could the issue concerning the registration of the Hellim/Halloumi cheese be resolved. It is time to shift gears in Cyprus. Providing incentives will be important for increasing the support of the business community to the TRNC and for realizing TRNC’s economic potential.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu continued his remarks by touching upon the Cyprus question and Turkey-EU relations.  Stating that the EU had made a historic mistake by admitting the GCASC as the representative of the entire island in 2004, he said the following:

    "The Cyprus question is a critical issue for Turkey-EU relations. Following the Athens Agreement signed in 2003, GCASC acceded to the EU in 2004 representing the entire island. However, this membership was in breach of EU values. For, the Annan Plan which envisaged turning the island into a single entity was rejected in the referendum held in the south of the island. This way, the administration that rejected the peace plan acceded to the EU on representing the island. Although the Turkish Cypriots accepted the plan, they were punished. This was also in breach of the principle of peaceful settlement of disputes foreseen in the Helsinki Presidency Conclusions. Once acceding to the EU, GCASC has used its position to undermine Turkey’s EU accession negotiations. We see that this negative stance has been still going on. It has become clearer that the GASC does not want a solution within the framework of the UN. They are against any solution that will give the Turkish Cypriot people an equal and fair status. In this context, reaching a solution that will protect the interests of the Turkish Cypriot people seems difficult. We believe that with Turkey’s support, the newly elected President Tatar will defend the interests of the TRNC in the best possible way both in the initiatives vis-à-vis the UN and in the international fora. The EU, on the other hand, approaches the issue in a biased and unfair way and allows GCASC to block relations with a country of 80 million in this way. The EU has taken on an extremely wrong approach lending full support to Greek and Greek Cypriot claims without taking into consideration the position and arguments of Turkey which has been an associate member since 1964, a Customs Union partner since 1996, a candidate country since 1999 and a country negotiating accession since 2005 and by labelling Turkey as country acting ‘illegally and in breach of international law’. This approach does not serve security and peace in the Eastern Mediterranean, nor does it serve the EU’s long term interests. We invite the EU to adopt a far-sighted and fair approach.”

    OCTOBER 2020: “THE TURKEY REPORT SHOULD SERVE THE WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY CREATED AT THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL TO REVIVE TURKEY-EU RELATIONS”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu assessed the 22nd Turkey Report and the Enlargement Package adopted on 6 October by the European Commission. While emphasizing the report’s significance for underscoring that Turkey’s EU accession process was ongoing as well as Turkey’s role as a key partner, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that the recommendations, identified shortcomings and progress in the report should be carefully examined.

    Stating that there is an unbalanced and unfair rhetoric concerning the Eastern Mediterranean and Turkish foreign policy, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu urged the EU to reconsider its approach towards Turkey. Indicating that Turkey was the most important link in the EU’s enlargement strategy, Zeytinoğlu said that it was unacceptable that Turkey’s rightful views regarding the resolution of the Cyprus question and the Aegean issues were disregarded by the EU. Stating that the European Commission should act as a facilitator and a mediator in this process, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that the fact that Turkey’s EU accession negotiations which had been ongoing for 15 years did not result in EU membership was not just Turkey’s fault, but more the EU’s fault. He made the following remarks concerning the report:

    “The European Commission released its country reports for Turkey and other candidate and potential candidate countries. As known, these reports are documents that take a picture of the current situation as regards alignment with the Copenhagen political and economic criteria and the EU acquis, as well as presenting a to do list to be fulfilled until the next report. Given the fact that Turkey’s status as a candidate country negotiating accession has become less pronounced by EU officials, Turkey’s EU membership objective coming to the EU’s agenda is important. We would expect the report to put forward proposals for the revitalisation of Turkey’s accession process. Criticising Turkey in the areas of judiciary and fundamental rights while the relevant chapters remain blocked due to the veto of the Greek Cypriot Administration erodes the EU’s credibility and undermines not only Turkey-EU relations, but also the enlargement process as a whole.”

    The Initiative Put Forward at the European Council Should Be Continued

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stressed that according to the report, Turkey continued to advance in assuming the obligations of membership albeit in a limited number of areas. IKV Chairman stated that the report pointed to shortcomings in areas such as democracy, judiciary and fundamental rights. Indicating that report referred 26 times to the phrase “backsliding”, 38 times to “no progress”, 33 times to “some progress” and 8 times to “good progress”, Zeytinoğlu added that it also contained criticism concerning economic performance and foreign policy issues. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu pointed out that especially in the post-COVID-19 period Turkey was of indispensable importance for the EU as a production hub and a trade partner. He highlighted the importance of the Customs Union modernisation process as a means to realise the full potential of the relationship.

    Indicating that criticisms against Turkey’s hydrocarbon exploration in Greek Cypriot Administration’s unilaterally declared exclusive economic zone was unacceptable, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu said that the rights of the Turkish Cypriots were ignored. Zeytinoğlu also stated that the criticisms regarding Turkish foreign policy towards Libya and Syria were based on an unrealistic and unfair approach. Conveying his expectation that the EU would restore its relations with Turkey and open the door to cooperation with Turkey to ensure peace and stability in the region, IKV Chairman recalled the conclusions of European Council meeting of 1-2 October 2020. He continued as follows:

    “The European Council held on 1-2 October has been marked with a change in approach to Turkey; thus the importance of a relationship based on cooperation and mutual benefits with Turkey has been acknowledged. As a matter of fact, it was agreed to create a positive political agenda which will include the modernisation of the Customs Union, trade facilitation, increasing people to people contacts, high level dialogue mechanisms and continued cooperation on migration. However, in the Turkey Report released today, there are several areas where we see traces of an unconstructive and unilateral attitude. Such attitude reveals itself while ignoring TRNC's rights in the Eastern Mediterranean and addressing the Eastern Mediterranean and Cyprus issues solely from the Greek Cypriot Administration’s perspective, as well as not recognizing Turkey’s efforts of stabilisation as a key EU partner in a region well characterised with high tensions. On the other hand, Turkey should take into consideration criticisms in concerning rule of law, fundamental rights, democracy, and judicial independence. 

    One should emphasize that issues brought on the table under the positive agenda are processes which have already seen progress, but were interrupted for various reasons. The modernisation of the Customs Union and fulfilling the outstanding benchmarks for visa liberalisation are crucial not only for putting Turkey-EU relations back on track, but also for the welfare of Turkish citizens.”

    Stating that the report published by the European Commission is no longer awaited with enthusiasm, the IKV Chairman stressed that this lack of enthusiasm had to do with the current stalemate in the relations. Zeytinoğlu continued as follows:

    “It is known to everyone that the accession process reached an impasse and no new chapter has been opened since 2016. In the 2020 Turkey Report, the areas which are highly criticised and are referred to as backsliding fall within the scope of Chapters 23 and 24. However, these chapters have been blocked by the Greek Cypriot Administration and therefore cannot be opened to negotiations. The EU could benefit from a sustained membership perspective highlighting EU’s transformative power.”

    Stating that Turkey-EU relations, which have been developing around negative rhetoric and actions in recent years, were not beneficial for either of the parties, the IKV Chairman underlined the importance of cooperation in order to overcome current challenges as stressed in the report. Saying that both parties were going through extraordinary times due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which highlighted the importance of solidarity, Zeytinoğlu argued that this spirit of solidarity and cooperation should be reflected more in the relations, and said:

    “While talking about a positive agenda, EU leaders should also revive communication channels between the parties. A political approach based on punishing Turkey causes backsliding also in current achievements. The absence of high-level meetings between the parties either in the form of Turkey-EU Summits or Association Council meetings seemingly serves to deepening the misunderstandings between the parties. However, strong diplomatic and business ties between Turkey and the EU are also key for overcoming the challenges regarding bilateral relations, regional issues, as well as unforeseen global threats.”

    Stating that the report appreciates Turkey's generous efforts regarding the handling of the refugees since 2016, Zeytinoğlu argued that refugee issue should also be considered in the context of the visa liberalisation process, and that the EU should not create new barriers for Turkey in the process.

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu concluded his remarks by saying that Turkey should return to its reform agenda, taking into account the criticisms mentioned by the European Commission, which will contribute to the quality of life of our citizens, and said:

    "There are many issues in Turkey-EU relations that need to be overcome, but focusing on our common future is our shared historical responsibility. In the aftermath of the pandemic, rapid digitalisation or transition to a green economy reveals a new lifestyle by radically changing production and consumption patterns. Turkey will continue to be part of the EU tomorrow as it is today, and therefore should not give up its efforts to be part of the transformation in EU policies. Likewise, the EU while designing its future and policies should work in cooperation and dialogue with Turkey which is an EU candidate, and a prospective member country.”

    OCTOBER 2020: THE OPPORTUNITY TO REVITALISE THE EU PROCESS SHOULD NOT BE MISSED

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu assessed the European Council conclusions on Turkey-EU relations in a statement on 2 October 2020. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that the conclusions pointed to a significant shift in the EU’s approach towards Turkey which constituted an important opportunity to revitalise the relations. Stressing that the opportunity to put Turkey-EU relations back on track and advance Turkey’s growth and development process should not be missed, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated the following:

    "The European Council convened on 1 October and adopted important conclusions on relations with Turkey. A two-stage approach has been envisaged for Turkey. It was acknowledged that a stable and secure environment in the eastern Mediterranean was in the EU's strategic interest and this should be based on the development of a cooperative and mutually beneficial relationship with Turkey. Given the previous conclusions of 2018 and 2019 imposing sanctions on Turkey, EU’s new approach promises hope. Turkey is an indispensable country for the EU. That’s why the EU is taking steps to initiate a positive agenda with Turkey. Nonetheless, the conclusions include a call for Turkey to stop the actions allegedly violating the sovereign rights of Greece and the Greek Cypriot Administration. The European Council has agreed to launch a positive EU-Turkey political agenda which will include the modernisation of the Customs Union and trade facilitation, increasing people to people contacts, high level dialogue mechanisms and continued cooperation on migration. The President of the European Council, the President of the Commission and the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy are invited to develop a proposal to revive the EU-Turkey relations to this effect. From Turkey’s perspective, this is an opportunity with crucial importance which Turkey can take full advantage of by returning to the reform process.

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stressed that the conclusions also highlighted support for resumption of the UN-sponsored Cyprus settlement talks and expressed the EU’s willingness to play an active role. Indicating that the conclusions included a call to resolve the issues concerning maritime jurisdiction areas through dialogue, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu underscored the resumption of dialogue between Turkey and Greece. Stressing that the topics covered by the proposed positive agenda are crucial for revitalising the relations, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu emphasized the business community’s full support for Customs Union modernisation and visa liberalisation and continued as follows:

    "The modernisation of the Customs Union and increasing people to people contacts has been on the agenda of both the civil society and the Turkish business community. Moreover, European umbrella organisations such as EUROCHAMBRES, of which the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey is a member, have voiced support for these processes. As to the Customs Union, there are shortcomings and problems. The need for a simultaneous negotiation process for Turkey with the third country that the EU is willing to sign an FTA, the abolition of quotas and tolls at road transportation, ensuring Turkey’s participation in the EU's common trade policy as well as strengthening the dispute settlement mechanism are among the top issues which need to be resolved.

    In addition, the modernisation of the Customs Union should include extending its scope, which is currently limited to industrial goods and processed agricultural products, to cover new sectors such as agriculture and services in order to strengthen economic and trade cooperation with the EU. Another important issue concerns the need to complete the visa liberalisation process since the visa requirement constitutes an important obstacle for Turkish citizens especially for business people and civil society representatives in their contacts with their European counterparts. Turkey had already completed 66 of the 72 benchmarks in identified in the roadmap. Completion of remaining 6 criteria will depend largely upon a green light from the EU as well as Turkey's political determination. The fulfilment of the remaining benchmarks and a strong signal from the EU could break new ground in the relations. It is a must to take rapid steps to make the positive agenda proposed by the EU operational.”

    SEPTEMBER 2020: PRESS STATEMENT REGARDING THE EP RESOLUTION ON THE EAST MED

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu issued a press statement on the European Parliament (EP) resolution regarding the situation in the Eastern Mediterranean adopted at the plenary session on 17 September 2020. He stated the following:

    “The EP has adopted a resolution supporting the claims of Greece and the Greek Cypriot Administration ahead of the Special European Council meeting on the Eastern Mediterranean set to convene on 24-25 September 2020. We note with regret the ongoing approach to lend unconditional support to the maximalist maritime jurisdiction area claims by Greece and the Greek Cypriot Administration. Branding the activities carried out by Turkey in its continental shelf registered with the UN as ‘illegal’, the resolution condemns these on the grounds that they violate the so-called sovereign rights of Greece and the Greek Cypriot Administration. The resolution calls on Turkey to respect the sovereign rights of the two, and end its exploration and drilling activities. Moreover, it calls on the Council to stand ready to develop a list of targeted and sectoral restrictive measures in case of lack of progress. In addition, the resolution contains extremely biased and unacceptable assessments concerning Turkey's foreign policy towards Syria and Libya.

    The resolution also expresses deep concern about the current state of Turkey-EU relations particularly regarding the areas of  human rights, democracy and the rule of law. However, it fails to note that the opening of chapters 23 and 24, which would serve as a roadmap for addressing the shortcomings in these areas, is rendered impossible due to the veto of the Greek Cypriot Administration.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu concluded his remarks as follows:

    “The emphasis on dialogue, diplomacy, negotiations in a spirit of goodwill and international law in finding a sustainable solution to disputes, support for the mediation efforts by High Representative Borrell, the German EU Presidency and NATO, the call on the Commission and the Member States to pursue a broad dialogue with Turkey as well as a comprehensive strategic security architecture and energy cooperation in the Mediterranean are positive aspects to note. But, unfortunately these aspects are overshowed by the unfair stance portrayed throughout the resolution.

    As is known, the EP resolution is not binding. Sadly, the biased and unfair political messages in the resolution adopted by the EP, which is the only EU body whose members are directly elected by the peoples of Europe, neither contribute to bringing Turkey and the EU closer together nor to defusing the tension in the region. On the contrary, it harms the EP’s reputation in Turkey. We invite the EP to adopt a wiser and a more constructive approach ahead of the upcoming European Council meeting in order to contribute to defusing the tension in the region and to facilitate a solution through dialogue and diplomacy as underscored in the resolution.”

    SEPTEMBER 2020: PRESS RELEASE REGARDING THE US DECISION TO LIFT THE EMBARGO ON THE GREEK CYPRIOT ADMINISTRATION

    On 3 September 2020, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement regarding the US decision to lift the arms embargo on the Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu said that the decision implied the lifting of the embargo on the export of non-lethal defence equipment for one year. Zeytinoğlu indicated that at a time when tension is high and the balances are extremely sensitive in the Eastern Mediterranean, the decision should be viewed as an extremely wrong move. He made the following remarks:

    “I consider the US decision to lift the arms embargo as an extremely wrong step. When the US imposed the embargo 33 years ago, it did so with the idea of ??maintaining peace on the island and speeding up efforts for a solution. Now, the US should see that the decision to lift the embargo undermines the hopes for a solution on the island. Having voted for the Annan Plan in a referendum in 2004, the people of the TRNC have demonstrated their preference for a peaceful solution on the island. The Greek Cypriot Administration on the other hand, despite rejecting the Annan Plan in the referendum, was admitted to the EU representing all of Cyprus. No steps have been taken to undo this injustice, and the rights of the Turkish Cypriot people are being disregarded in the natural gas exploration activities in the exclusive economic zone of the island. In delineating Turkey’s territorial waters and continental shelf, an approach contradicting equity is adopted. In this context, this move by the US, which is Turkey’s ally, not only contradicts equity, but also presents an extremely wrong and unfair stance towards a NATO Ally.”

    Indicating that some of the senators, who played a part in the adoption of the decision, were close to Greek and Greek Cypriot claims, Chairman Zeytinoğlu stressed that Turkey needed a powerful lobby and friends in the Congress and the Senate to defend its interests in the US. He concluded his statement with the following remarks:

    “One needs to take a look at how the decision to lift the embargo was made. Behind the decision is Bob Menendez, member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Senator Menendez stated that the decision taken together with the US military training program reflected the critical importance of the US-Cyprus bilateral relationship and the growing importance of the Eastern Mediterranean region to US national security. He emphasized that the Greek Cypriot Administration was a reliable strategic partner for the US in the region. Menendez is also among the senators who prepared the Eastern Mediterranean Security and Energy Partnership Act and the End the Cyprus Embargo Act. American Jewish Committee Chair David Harris also expressed his support for the lifting of the embargo and said it was a milestone in the US-Cyprus relationship. Turkey should better explain its arguments in the US decision-making process, in the Congress and the Senate and seek support. Otherwise, such moves may continue."

    AUGUST 2020: PRESS RELEASE ON THE RESULTS OF THE GYMNICH MEETING

    IKV issued the following statement concerning the Informal Meeting of EU Foreign Ministers (Gymnich) in Berlin:

    “We were disappointed by the EU Foreign Ministers’ failure to take into account Turkey’s just theses and legitimate interests in the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean. Expecting the resolution of the outstanding issues between Turkey and Greece and the Greek Cypriot Administration solely based on a change in Turkey’s position is not only unfair, but also deemed to fail. If Greece and the Greek Cypriot Administration are EU members, Turkey is no any third country; it is a NATO ally and an EU candidate country. The Helsinki Presidency Conclusions, which confirmed Turkey’s status as a candidate country, also referred to the Cyprus question and the resolution of bilateral disputes through negotiations.

    So far, Turkey has demonstrated its goodwill by supporting the Annan Plan and other UN-sponsored initiatives for the resolution of the Cyprus question. The EU should see that the unilateral and wrong positions of Greece and the Greek Cypriot Administration have also played a role in the perpetuation of the problems and today’s tense atmosphere. Otherwise, resolving the problem will not be possible and the EU will not have a constructive role in relieving the tension. We would have expected the approach of an actor like the EU to be much more balanced, holistic and visionary. Maintenance of dialogue and continuation of negotiations is important for the resolution of problems. However, for negotiations to deliver results Turkey’s views should be listened to and it should be understood that Turkey will not allow any ‘fait accompli’ in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Aegean. Everyone should know that no results can be obtained through sanctions.”

    AUGUST 2020: TURKEY SHOULD MAKE THE BEST USE OF EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL CALL UNDER HORIZON 2020

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu issued a press statement in a bid to invite Turkish stakeholders, primarily from the business world, researchers, and universities to take part in the Green Deal Call, which will be opened by 18 September 2020. The IKV Chairman expressed the following:

    “The Green Deal Call, which is to open in the following days, will be an important source of funding with its 1 billion euro budget. Hence, we need to follow this call as closely as possible and develop projects under it. As a consequence of Turkey’s active participation in the EU's research and development funding programs for several years, our country has increased its number of projects accepted. This specific call will not only be an instrument to provide grants to businesses and researchers in Turkey, but also a special opportunity to work with our European counterparts on the transition to a carbon-free economy, which is one of the goals that the new cabinet European Commission has set. Moreover, successful projects would contribute concretely to the strengthening of the EU-Turkey cooperation.”

    The European Green Deal Call contains 11 areas - 8 of them reflect thematic areas, and 3 reflect horizontal areas:

    Call area 1: Increasing climate ambition: cross-sectoral challenges

    Call area 2: Clean, affordable and secure energy

    Call area 3: Industry for a clean and circular economy

    Call area 4: Energy and resource-efficient buildings

    Call area 5: Sustainable and smart mobility

    Call area 6: Farm to Fork

    Call area 7: Restoring biodiversity and ecosystem services

    Call area 8: Zero-pollution, toxic-free environment

    Call area 9: Strengthening our knowledge in support of the European Green Deal

    Call area 10: Empowering citizens for transition towards a climate-neutral, sustainable Europe

    Call area 11: Accelerating the clean energy transition and access in partnership with Africa

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that, within the scope of the call, pilot implementations, innovative products, proposals regarding the governance of green and digital transformation, and innovation in social and value chains will be supported. He continued as follows:

    “Within the scope of the call, a total of 128 million euros is consecrated for energy efficiency, of which 60 million euros for energy efficiency in buildings, 10 million euros for environmentally-friendly airports and ports, and finally 74 million euros for projects that will support the Farm-to-Fork strategy. This is an important opportunity for businesses and researchers operating in energy, construction, agriculture, transportation, and many other fields in our country. Therefore, Turkey should not miss the chance to enhance its capacity to develop greener technologies with EU’s up to 100% financial support. 

    Regarding the European Green Deal Call with a budget of 1 billion euros, the IKV Chairman lastly pointed out that both the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and TÜBİTAK continues to inform all related parties on the Horizon 2020 Program page: https://h2020.org.tr/tr

    JULY 2020: IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU COMMENTED ON THE EU-VIETNAM FTA

    On 23 July 2020, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu issued the following statement on the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (FTA) which is set to take effect on 1 August 2020:

    “As of 1 August, another FTA will be added to EU's new generation FTAs. This time, the country in question is Vietnam, which with its export surge, stands out as an alternative market to China. Vietnam is the second Southeast Asian country after Singapore to sign an FTA with the EU. The EU presents the agreement as the most ambitious FTA it has concluded with a developing country. As soon as the agreement enters into force, 71% of customs duties will be lifted in Vietnam's exports to the EU, and the rest will be phased out in seven years. Moreover, the EU-Vietnam FTA prohibits non-tariff barriers and sets out conditions for the protection of intellectual property rights, workers’ rights and sustainable development. The agreement also covers the services and public procurement sectors. Along with the FTA, the parties signed an agreement on the protection of bilateral investments.

    Concerning Turkey-EU Customs Union, a major area of concern is the asymmetry resulting from EU’s FTAs. When the EU concludes an FTA with a third country, a similar agreement needs to be signed between Turkey and the third country which occurs with delays. Meanwhile, the third country obtains the right to export to Turkey duty-free due to Turkey-EU Customs Union whereas the third country can continue imposing tariff barriers to Turkey. Even in the scenario Turkey signs an FTA with the third country, the time needed to conclude an agreement works to Turkey’s disadvantage as trade relations continue in an asymmetrical way. This asymmetry was to be tackled in the context of the Customs Union modernisation process, but the negotiations are yet to be launched due to political reasons. Turkey has made an attempt to sign an FTA with Vietnam, but negotiations have not started and this leaves Turkey in a disadvantaged position. However the main problem about the agreement is that as of 1 August exports from Vietnam to the EU and EU’s investments in Vietnam are likely to increase. According to projections, Vietnam will increase its exports to the EU by almost 42.7% by 2025 especially in textiles, shoes, and electronics sectors. Therefore, Vietnam will become an important competitor for Turkey both in terms of exports and as an investment destination. In addition, the urgency of extending the scope of Turkey-EU Customs Union is increasing every day, since its current scope is limited to industrial goods. The EU-Vietnam FTA on the other hand, is a deep and comprehensive FTA which also covers sectors such as services, agriculture, and public procurement, and sets investor-state dispute resolution mechanisms. The Turkey-EU Customs Union needs to be modernised as soon as possible, otherwise Turkey risks not only losing ground in the EU market but also losing its position as an attractive destination for European investments.”

    JULY 2020: THE EU REACHED A HISTORIC DEAL ON THE BUDGET AND THE RECOVERY PACKAGE

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu assessed the agreement reached in the European Council on the 2021-2027 EU budget and the COVID-19 recovery fund. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that a historic compromise was reached at the Council meeting, which had been going on for four days, and added that this compromise was of great importance for the future of the EU. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated the following:

    “The EU Summit, which has been going on for four days, has resulted in a positive outcome, and Member States have reached a deal on the budget and recovery package. Accordingly, there is a package of 1.82 trillion euros in total. This includes the EU's 7-year budget with a size of 1.074 trillion euros and a recovery fund called “Next Generation EU” with a size of 750 billion euros. Through these financial instruments, the EU aims to overcome the negative effects of COVID-19, strengthen its capacity in the field of health and research, and channel resources to its new priorities. In other words, while adopting a recovery package to get out of the crisis, the EU also plans to modernise its economy beyond recovery.”

    “Change in Germany’s Stance is at the Heart of the Recovery Plan”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also commented on the details of the agreement and its consequences for the EU. Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that it was important that the recovery fund proposed in May was agreed by the EU leaders within two months and continued his words as follows:

    “The first proposal for a recovery fund was put forward by French President Macron and German Chancellor Merkel in May. The European Commission has put flesh on this proposal. 500 billion euros out of the 750 billion-euro package were to be given out as grants and 250 billion were to be given as loans. Under the proposal, for the first time, the European Commission would borrow from the international markets on behalf of the EU and make it available to the Member States. Germany’s support for common borrowing marked a fundamental departure from its approach during the global financial crisis.

    We see an increasing awareness that EU countries are economically interdependent and their fates are united. On the fifth day of the marathon meeting, a deal was reached, but naturally some concessions were made. The Netherlands, Sweden, Austria and Denmark, known as the Frugal Four, wanted the share of grants in the package to be reduced and the use of grants and loans to be made conditional. As a result, EU leaders agreed on 390 billion euros in grants and 360 billion euros in loans instead of the original proposal foreseeing 500 billion euros in grants and 250 billion euros in loans. Some cuts were made in the budget, particularly in the areas of research, health, external action, investment and the green economy. Benefiting from the recovery fund will depend on the decision of the Member States. However, Member States, which want to benefit from the recovery fund, will need to align with the reform priorities of the EU particularly in the areas of digital transformation and the Green Deal.

    Linking the payment of EU funds to respect for the rule of law was yet another controversial issue on which an agreement was not possible. The importance of upholding the rule of law was mentioned. The deal will need to be discussed and approved in the European Parliament.”

    “Turkey cannot Remain Indifferent to the Change and Transformation within the EU”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu highlighted the importance of the agreement for Turkey as follows:

    “Although there are pros and cons, the agreement reached is important. Turkey as a candidate state needs to monitor closely the reform process in the EU which is also our largest trading partner and take the necessary steps in the area of legislative alignment and implementation.

    EU’s priorities such as the Green Deal, Digital Single Market and economic resilience also should also be taken into consideration by Turkey. First of all, we should consider the new trends in trade and industrial policies of the EU as our top export market. Furthermore, the EU is a major player in the global trading system marked with increased protectionism and competition and maintaining cooperation with the EU could yield important benefits for Turkey. As IKV, we will continue to monitor and analyse these processes closely and continue to guide the business community.”

    APRIL 2020: TIME TO ACT FOR THE LIQUIDITY NEEDED IN ECONOMY

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu stated that long-term and low-interest financing is needed to cope with the negative effects of the coronavirus pandemic. Chairman Zeytinoğlu emphasized that hot money will be needed to finance incentive packages, and that IMF might be considered as an option in this process. He also stated that IMF launched a new short-term liquidity line on 15 April 2020, which allowed IMF member countries to offer up to 145 percent of their quotas for short-term liquidity. Recalling Turkey's quota in the amount of $6.9 billion, and explaining that 145 percent of that stands at $10 billion, Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that IMF offers short-term funds as a counter-measure to deal with the effects of COVID-19 on the economy.

    Reminding that Turkey has been a member of the IMF since 1947, Zeytinoğlu stated that the country has the right to take out loans from IMF from time to time, just like all other members that exercise that same right. Furthermore, Zeytinoğlu underlined the fact that the loans which IMF intends to provide in the context of the coronavirus crisis are different from other types of conditional stand-by agreements.

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu completed his words as follows:

    “The crisis we are currently facing is shaking all world economies. The decrease in production and consumption, stagnation, loss of income, and cutting trade networks show that there has been a contraction in the world economy. In this regard, a more serious crisis than great depression of 1929 and the 2008 financial crisis is fast approaching. According to estimates, the global economy will shrink by 3 percent. In these difficult conditions, IMF, which is the institution responsible for ensuring the stability of financial systems worldwide, announced a 1 trillion-dollar credit which will be provided to the 189-member countries. Even though applying to IMF is currently not on Turkey's agenda, as a member Turkey has every right to benefit from this fund. Therefore, in order to facilitate the hot money flow required by the Turkish economy, the IMF option should not be completely overlooked. One should underline that, unlike Turkey's stand-by agreement made before, this particular time loans will be provided to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic and be referred to as short-term funding. Fighting the crisis requires an injection of liquidity into the economy. In this respect, Turkey can use the new short-term funding proposed by IMF.

    APRLI 2020: “THE EUROGROUP`S AGREEMENT ON THE COVID-19 SUPPORT PACKAGE IS PROMISING”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu welcomed the Eurogoup’s agreement on the package of measures to be taken against the COVID-19 crisis on 9 April 2020. Indicting that the COVID-19 pandemic caused an extremely serious economic crisis, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu underscored the importance of EU’s support. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu highlighted the need to provide utmost support in terms of EU solidarity and said that for Turkey, it was essential that the EU emerged from the crisis. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated the following:

    “The Eurogroup, consisting of the finance ministers of Euro Area countries, made important decisions. They agreed to implement a 500-billion-euro worth package of measures. The European Stability Mechanism (ESM), which has not been mobilised until now, will make a 240-billion-euro credit line available within two weeks. Strict fiscal rules previously applied to Greece during the financial crisis will be relaxed. Euro Area countries benefitting from this fund will be included to the EU’s macroeconomic surveillance frameworks after the crisis. This way, it will be possible to restore the fiscal discipline that has been relaxed during the crisis. ESM support will be provided mainly for direct and indirect health expenditures and mitigating the economic crisis. If necessary, 410 billion euros -which is the entire amount at the disposal of the ESM- will be made available. In addition, under the SURE instrument, the European Commission will provide 100 billion euros in loans to the Member States for short-term working allowances. A 200 billion-euro fund will be set up under the EIB to support companies and SMEs. I consider these measures positive, especially in terms of providing support to Member States at the peak of the crisis. However, it may take time for the economy to recover. Additional support may be needed, especially for countries such as Italy and Spain which have been most affected by the crisis. To this end, a proposal for issuing corona bonds was put forward. However, it was rejected by Germany, Austria, Finland and the Netherlands. Although the joint issuance of debt by Euro Area countries does not seem possible at this stage, this may come up again in the future. In this context, instead of undertaking the debts of countries like Italy, creating a new recovery fund for the borrowing required to get out of the crisis could be considered."

    Indicating that the issue was also important for Turkey, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu drew attention to the following:

    For a country like Turkey with advanced commercial and economic relations with the EU, the recovery of the EU economy it is of key importance. Based on taking control of the pandemic, production and trade getting back to normal is also important for Turkey. Half of our exports go to EU countries, especially Germany. With the revival of the EU market, the decline in exports could be reversed. After the crisis is over, the modernisation of the Turkey-EU Customs Union will be on the agenda again. After the crisis, Turkey's importance as a production base integrated into the European market will be better understood."

    APRIL 2020: “THE EU WILL EITHER OVERCOME THIS CRISIS WITH SOLIDARITY OR WILL NOT BE ABLE TO COME OUT OF IT AT ALL”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu stated that the crisis triggered by the coronavirus pandemic has exerted a great pressure on the EU's solidarity principle and emphasised that the extent to which the EU would stick to this principle would be critical for the future of the Union. Indicating that the European Commission’s proposal for a 100 billion-euro unemployment reinsurance scheme would be a positive step, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu said that the “corona bonds” should also be made available. Stating that although the impact of the coronavirus pandemic varied across EU Member States, negative effects would be felt throughout the EU, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu underscored that it was imperative for the EU to formulate common policies to get out of the crisis. Chairman Zeytinoğlu continued as follows:

    “Like the whole world, the EU is facing a major crisis. The coronavirus pandemic is first and foremost a health crisis. The COVID-19 virus, which is rapidly transmitted and has an 11 percent mortality rate according to the latest data from Italy, has created unprecedented pressure on healthcare systems. In this sense, the EU was too late in the delivery of medical products such as protective equipment and ventilators to the countries most affected by the crisis. Especially in Italy, this has created the impression that the EU has left them alone. Later, as of 16 March 2020, the Commission has stepped in. In addition to measures such as the imposition of an EU-wide travel ban, a strategic stockpile of medical equipment was created to combat the pandemic. Some patients from Italy and France were sent to Germany for treatment. However, the fact that countries such as China and Russia moved more quickly than the EU to send medical aid to Italy and together with well-designed propaganda revealed that the EU was late in creating an impression. Despite the delay, the EU is trying to get ahead in this field.”

    Stressing the economic dimension of the crisis, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu highlighted that the EU should deal with the economic and social impact of the crisis by and taking the necessary measures in the Euro Area:

    “The economic effects of the coronavirus pandemic are felt and will continue to be felt in waves. Production in many countries and sectors has slowed down and has come to a halt. Consumption behaviour has changed. In some industries, production has shifted to manufacturing of equipment such as protective masks. Trade networks have been adversely affected. When we look at the EU, the crisis in the economy is hitting all countries. However, countries with high budget deficits such as Italy and Spain will be even more negatively affected. In the first place, the rules foreseeing strict fiscal discipline in the Euro Area have been relaxed. However, to meet the borrowing needs of countries such as Italy and Spain, the introduction of common bonds called ‘corona bonds’ can be an important step. The corona bonds proposal recently put forward by nine EU Member States was rejected by the Netherlands, Germany, Austria and Finland. This is an extremely negative development for the future of the Euro Area. These countries should keep in mind that Euro Area countries such as Italy and Spain experiencing a major economic crisis would also affect the others. Either they will come out of the crisis together or they will not be able to come out at all. The European Commission’s proposal for a 100 billion-euro unemployment reinsurance scheme is a positive step. The proposal, which will make the establishment of a support mechanism to counter rapidly increasing unemployment, should be supported.

    MARCH 2020: EU GREENLIGHTS LAUNCHING ACCESSION TALKS WITH ALBANIA AND NORTH MACEDONIA

    On 23 March 2020, The EU Committee of Permanent Representatives (Coreper) approved the launch of accession negotiations with Albania and North Macedonia. The formal decision is expected to be taken on 24 March by EU Foreign Ministers in the General Affairs Council meeting via written procedure under the COVID-19 measures.

    In a statement, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu indicated that the launch of accession talks with Albania and North Macedonia had been on the EU agenda for some time and emphasised that the decision made after overcoming the reservations of some Member State including France was of critical importance for the EU’s future. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that the decision to start accession negotiations with Albania and North Macedonia was key for maintaining EU’s credibility and reputation in its immediate neighbourhood. Chairman Zeytinoğlu made the following statement:

    “The decision to start accession talks with Albania and North Macedonia is an important step for the future of the EU. The issue has come to the agenda of the European Council last October; however, it was vetoed by France. President Macron insisted for EU's decision-making procedures and enlargement policy to be revised before negotiations could be launched with the two candidate countries. As it can be recalled, the biggest obstacle to North Macedonia's EU membership was the name dispute. Greece had been objecting to the country’s use of its constitutional name ‘Macedonia’ as it had a region with the same name and viewed it as a security threat. According to a landmark deal reached between the two countries in 2018, the country agreed to change its name to North Macedonia. It was a huge mistake for the EU not to open its doors to a country even willing to change its constitutional name to become an EU member. For the EU, it meant a loss of credibility and reputation in its immediate neighbourhood. The launch of negotiations with Albania has been the subject of controversy. Besides France, Denmark and the Netherlands had blocked the opening of accession negotiations with Albania due to problems concerning corruption and organised crime. The Committee of Permanent Representatives, consisting of ambassadors of the EU Member States, has given a green light to the opening of negotiations with these countries. We expect this decision to be approved by the EU Foreign Ministers and by EU leaders.”

    “Restoration of EU’s Relations with Turkey and the Revitalisation of the Accession Process is Important for EU’s Soft Power"

    Indicating that it was unacceptable for France to block the opening of accession negotiations with Albania and North Macedonia, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu welcomed the step to reverse this wrong decision. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that the EU’s importance should be re-emphasised in a Europe traumatised by COVID-19 and underscored that the enlargement policy had a key function in this regard. Chairman Zeytinoğlu continued as follows:

    “The EU is shaken by an existential crisis. Europe has become the epicentre of the COVID-19 outbreak after China. Especially Italy, Spain and France were affected extremely negatively. The EU has been quite late in responding to this crisis. As of last week, they have taken some important steps such as restricting travel from outside the EU, procuring medical equipment, and easing the Eurozone budget rules. After the crisis has subsided, Member States will ask the EU the following question: What did you do for us in our hardest time? The EU will need to explain to all Member States why its existence is necessary. In these difficult times, we see that China has stood out. China sending materials including protective equipment and test kits to Italy, indicates that China's soft power is set to increase across Europe. Nevertheless, the EU needs to display a visionary policy and emphasise its importance for entire Europe. Launching negotiations with Albania and North Macedonia at this critical time will be an important step for the soft power of the EU. Similarly, the restoration of relations with Turkey and the revitalisation of the membership perspective would be a step highlighting the EU’s importance for the future of Europe. We invite the EU to take action concerning this issue”.

    MARCH 2020: THE EU’S ECONOMIC MEASURES AGAINST THE CORONAVIRUS OUTBREAK REVEAL THE MAGNITUDE OF THE CRISIS

    Both the EU and the Member States are announcing measures and successive support packages in regard to the health and social problems caused by the coronavirus outbreak as well as the economic problems to last even after the outbreak ends. IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu issued a statement regarding the issue. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu emphasised that the crisis would cause a serious economic recession and underlined the importance of protecting both businesses and employees with urgent measures. Chairman Zeytinoğlu made the following remarks:

    “The effects of the coronavirus outbreak will be felt for a long time. There are risks such as slowdown in manufacturing, decline in demand, business closures and increased unemployment. The EU and the Member States have reacted by announcing comprehensive packages. This reveals the extent of the crisis and how serious measures it requires. For example, Germany launched an economic package of at least 550 billion euros to support its companies. This amount is larger than the 500 billion-euro package implemented during the 2008 economic crisis. "Unlimited" credit opportunities are put forward to keep the businesses going. In France, on the other hand, there is a delay in bank maturities with tax liabilities and social expenses, and an exceptional system is put in place, which includes a 300 billion-euro government guarantee against bank loans. In this framework, there is a 45 billion-euro emergency aid, a 32 billion-euro tax and social security support and a 2 billion-euro solidarity fund set to be used for companies within a month.”

    “At the level of politicians and other macro-decision-makers, there is a tremendous determination to ‘do everything possible and more’ in order to prevent a paralysis in the economic system.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that the economic effects of the coronavirus outbreak have prompted the EU and the Member States to take measures to relax the criteria foreseeing budgetary discipline and said:

    “The EU and Member States have overcome the initial hesitation in tackling the effects of the coronavirus outbreak, and have started to take comprehensive measures. This crisis is an existential crisis for the EU. Whether the EU is truly united is being tested. In addition to ensuring the free movement of essential goods such as medical supplies and food in the EU internal market, it is also important to lend support to countries such as Italy where the crisis is felt the most. In the face of the coronavirus outbreak, diagnosis, treatment, provision of protective materials and strengthening of healthcare systems have been the priority. However, with the declaration of the coronavirus as a pandemic by the World Health Organisation and the epicentre of the outbreak shifting from China to Europe, the rapid increase in the number of those infected and fatalities required serious measures to be taken. The outbreak, which has caused a slowdown in manufacturing and trade starting from China -the manufacturing base of the world, triggered a serious recession in the global economy. Support packages aimed at revitalising the market, protecting businesses against bankruptcy risks, postponing tax and credit payments, and supporting employees on paid leave are among the measures taken. ”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu summarised the key elements of the adopted packages as follows:

    “In the first stage, monetary resources are transferred to the system for the urgent needs of healthcare systems and the development of measures against the virus in the medium term. In the second stage, resources are provided to businesses whose activities have slowed down or have ground to a halt due to the economic slowdown. This transfer will be in the forms of urgent cash transfers, loans and grants, as well as deferral of taxes, premiums, expenses and even rents. Special arrangements will be made to maintain the level of employment. Ways to transfer resources for individuals below a certain income level will also be designed. Germany, France and the UK have allocated very large amounts for preventing the loss of employment and countering unemployment. At the EU level, very serious additional funds are created both from the EU budget and through the use of European Central Bank’s and European Investment Bank’s resources. Additional resources are provided to support the packages announced by the Member States. The macroeconomic side effects such as inflation, which will be caused by the injection of very high amounts into the market, are definitely being neglected for the time being. “At the level of politicians and other macro-decision-makers, there is a tremendous determination to ‘do everything possible and more’ in order to prevent a paralysis in the economic system. Thanks to this determination, it is hoped that the fear that dominates the markets and the society will be replaced by trust.”

    MARCH 2020:PRESIDENT ERDOĞAN’S BRUSSELS VISIT HAS CRITICAL IMPORTANCE FOR RELATIONS WITH THE EU

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu issued a statement ahead of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s Brussels visit and upcoming mini-summit with senior EU officials on 9 March 2020. Indicating that the migration issue has gained prominence following the decision to allow migrants and asylum-seekers pass to Europe, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu said that the talks to be held between President Erdoğan and his European interlocutors were of key importance for the future of Turkey-EU cooperation. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu made the following remarks:

    “President Erdoğan will meet with the President of the European Council Charles Michel and the President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen in Brussels today. This mini-summit holds great importance for the future of Turkey-EU relations. The continuation of Turkey-EU cooperation on refugees including Syrians under temporary protection in Turkey, as well as the issue of how to revive the stalled relations with the EU will be on the agenda of this mini-summit. Supporting the ceasefire in Idlib, the situation of the civilians and prevention of a new influx of refugees are the main issues which require the EU and Turkey to work together. Turkey and the EU, which are faced with so many common problems, should be in continuous dialogue and should communicate more frequently. As the business community, our main demand as it is known is the modernisation of the Customs Union. Taking a step forward in this area in the near future will provide a lifeline for reviving the relations with the EU.”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu also focused on the refugee influx and stated that the EU should not leave Turkey alone in dealing with this phenomenon:

    "Migratory flows from Turkey to the EU have increased following the government’s decision to open the borders. When we look at the migrants heading to the Pazarkule border crossing, who are being blocked by Greece, we see that most of them are of Afghan origin. Turkey is home to more than 3.7 million Syrians, however there are also migrants and asylum-seekers from countries such as Iran, Afghanistan and Iraq. After a certain point, it does not seem possible for Turkey, which hosts the highest number of asylum seekers in world, to carry this burden alone. Many of the migrants aim to go to the EU. Given the fact that Germany spends 30 billion euros annually for 800 thousand refugees, it can be argued that Turkey is carrying EU’s burden by hosting over 3.5 million Syrian refugees. If these refugees had passed to EU countries such as Germany instead of staying in Turkey, this would incur an annual cost of 80-100 billion euros. In this regard, the EU should not leave Turkey alone. It seems that migration will continue to be among the top issues on the agenda of Turkey and the EU in the years to come.”

    “Instead of Burying Its Head in the Sand, the EU Should Fulfill Its Responsibilities Regarding Migration”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu criticised the EU’s approach indicating that the EU has failed to deliver on its promises outlined in the Turkey-EU Statement of 18 March 2016 and that it was too late in devising a strategy on the continuation of the cooperation on migration. He continued as follows:

    "It has been four years since the Turkey-EU Statement was agreed and throughout this period there were significant delays in the flow of financial aid foreseen by the EU. Moreover, there was regress rather than progress in other areas envisaged in the statement. The visa liberalisation process has not been realised although a vast majority of the 72 criteria in the roadmap except for 6 were fulfilled. The talks aimed at the modernisation of the Customs Union could not be launched. The accession negotiations have ground to a halt. The EU has failed to deliver on its promise to resettle 72 thousand Syrians from Turkey into EU Member States. Recently, the EU has adopted conclusions imposing sanctions on Turkey in connection with its hydrocarbon drilling activities. It was stated that the EU stood by the Greek Cypriot Administration because it is a member; however he fact that Turkey is an EU candidate country has been completely disregarded. It is unacceptable for Turkey to be isolated like this and for relations with Turkey to be relegated, given that it is a key country for the EU in areas such as security, migration and energy. I believe that the summit to be held today provides an important opportunity for restoring the relations.”

    MARCH 2020: WE CELEBRATE 8 MARCH INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S DAY

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu issued a press statement on the occasion of 8 March, International Working Women's Day. While stating that participation and the role of women in social life, economy and politics needed to increase, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu recalled March 8 International Women's Day as an opportunity to review women's status and potential in the world and in Turkey. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu said:

    Women Perform Better Than Men in Cross Skills Required in the 21st Century”

     “I celebrate 8 March International Women's Day. This day offers us an opportunity to revise the world's situation, reminds us of problems and to address what can be done to improve the situation of women in Turkey and the world. Ensuring gender equality, equality of women in every field with men, and equal representation in all areas from business to politics should be one of the primary policy priorities. When we look at women's employment rate , while the global average stands at 47% and the EU is catching up with 67%, Turkey’s average stands at 34%.

    The participation of women in the economy as both entrepreneurs and employees will increase productivity and create dynamism in the economy. In the 21st century, business life and the labour market are also changing rapidly. While the service economy comes to the forefront, from industry to agriculture the use of artificial intelligence accelerates in all the sectors. While the traditional manual works are increasingly replaced by automation, we see that skills such as social cohesion, communication, teamwork, problem solving, which are called cross skills, gain significance in business life. Research shows that women are ahead of men in these type of skills. When we look at the reasons for the decrease in employment of women, social and cultural prejudices and the difficulties faced in balancing household and professional work life come first. Even though some women do not have professional work, they are involved with multiple unpaid jobs such as household work, childcare and care for the elderly; therefore, they actually produce great value. In the EU, 75% of this household work, which is an unpaid job, is done by women; this percentage is much higher in Turkey. Speaking about the gender wage gap, it is calculated at 12.9% in Turkey and under 16% in the EU, according to ILO data."

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that violence against women continues to be an important problem. He continued as follows:

     “Violence against women continues to be an open wound. When we look at the data published by the EU, it is seen that 33% of women face physical or sexual violence. We are seeing increased cases of violence against women in Turkey, especially in recent years. The Istanbul Convention, which was opened for signature in 2011, is the first international document to be legally binding on the prevention and fight against all sort of violence. Turkey is one of the first signatories to the Convention. Our main goal should be to prevent gender-based violence, increase women's employment in professional life, and ensure equal participation of women in decision-making mechanisms and politics, in order to improve the situation and the equality of women in all these areas. ”

    FEBRUARY 2020: WE INVITE THE EU TO COMMON SENSE AND COOPERATION

    On 28 February 2020, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu issued a press statement following the recent developments in Idlib, the EU's decision to impose sanctions on Turkish Petroleum Corporation (TPAO) officials and the step towards allowing refugees to pass into Europe. Calling on NATO and EU officials, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu underlined that NATO and the EU should be involved in taking control of the situation in Idlib and resolving the humanitarian crisis. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu continued his words as follows:

    “Yesterday, we were deeply wounded as 33 of our soldiers were martyred in Idlib. It is unacceptable that Turkey while fighting against the Assad regime in Syria has been left alone by NATO of which it is an ally and the EU to which it is a candidate for membership. We expect NATO and the EU to take action on this matter. Solely calling for a ceasefire is not enough. According to the Berlin Plus agreement dated 2002 between NATO and the EU, the EU and NATO could work together and the EU could make use of NATO’s military capabilities in operations aimed at preventing and resolving crises in close geographies. It is high time that NATO and the EU got involved in the situation in Idlib this way.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also touched upon the refugee crisis. Stating that asylum seekers fleeing Idlib came to the border with Turkey, Chairman Zeytinoğlu underscored the need for international cooperation in ensuring the safety of these people. Zeytinoğlu completed his words as follows:

    “An important dimension of the crisis is the great humanitarian tragedy suffered by civilians. Close to 1 million people are headed from Idlib to the border with Turkey. The entire burden in ensuring the safety of these people should not fall on Turkey. The EU needs to act urgently. The government’s decision to allow the free passage of refugees to Europe is a result of the EU’s inaction to respond to Turkey’s calls. While these events were taking place, the decision to put two TPAO officials on the EU’s sanctions list consisting of an asset freeze and a travel ban to the EU following the Foreign Affairs Council’s decision dated November 2019 has added insult to injury. This decision, which was taken with extremely wrong timing, reveals that the EU is far from understanding the issue with all dimensions and it is trying to run away from responsibility. We invite the EU to common sense and cooperation.”

    FEBRUARY 2020: THE EU IS REFORMING THE ENLARGEMENT POLICY BUT THERE IS NO MENTION OF TURKEY

    The European Commission published its proposal for the reform of the enlargement policy on 5 February 2020. The proposal will need to be approved by the Council. While the Commission foresees starting accession negotiations with North Macedonia and Albania, it is also proposing changes to the methodology of the way accession negotiations to be conducted with the two countries.

    Emphasising the features of the new methodology, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu said that the document’s failure to mention Turkey was strange. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated in accordance with the Council conclusions adopted late last year, the EU was in preparation for imposing sanctions on organisations and individuals involved in hydrocarbon exploration activities offshore Cyprus. He deplored the EU’s erroneous approach to Turkey which is a key EU partner and a candidate country, and said the following:

    “Turkey-EU relations have been going through a difficult period. The European Commission has presented its  proposal for enlargement policy reform. However, there is no mention of Turkey. Meanwhile, Turkey continues to be a candidate country. Although negotiations have stalled, they have not been officially suspended. It is extremely regrettable and strange that the European Commission has been focusing solely on the Western Balkans and has failed to mention Turkey in a document outlining reforms for the enlargement policy and accession negotiations. We find it wrong for the EU to disregard a country like Turkey this way which is a candidate for EU accession and a key partner for the EU. While the European Commission is proposing launching accession talks with North Macedonia and Albania, as for Turkey, it is preparing to bring sanctions on companies and individuals involved in hydrocarbon exploration activities off the coast of Cyprus. This approach, which ignores both Turkey’s legitimate arguments and TRNC’s rights over island’s natural resources, is extremely far from being fair.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu made the following comments on the Commission's enlargement reform proposals:

    “First of all, the revised methodology is aimed at Western Balkan countries, especially at North Macedonia and Albania whose negotiations have been blocked by France. Serbia and Montenegro with which negotiations are already underway will continue to be subject to the current methodology outlined in their negotiation framework documents.”

    Under the new methodology, the acquis chapters will be re-organised under six thematic clusters. First among the thematic clusters is “Fundamentals” covering the rule of law, economic criteria, the functioning of democratic institutions and public administration reform. This cluster will be opened at the beginning of the negotiations to be closed at the very end of the process. Other thematic clusters include: Internal Market; Competitiveness and Inclusive Growth; Green Agenda and Sustainable Connectivity; Resources, Agriculture and Cohesion and External Relations. Opening benchmarks will be determined collectively for each thematic cluster, and negotiations in the chapters within the scope of that cluster will begin once all benchmarks for that cluster are met.

    In addition to the rewards to be given when the reform performance is satisfactory (such as participation in certain EU policies and programs, more financial support and investments) the document also outlines possible sanctions that can be applied in cases of stagnation in reforms, serious backsliding in areas under the Fundamentals including the rule of law and moving away from EU accession criteria. Possible measures include putting the negotiations on hold, suspending the negotiations, and reopening the closed chapters. It is extremely important that the Commission puts emphasis on the reversibility of the process.

    Another important factor is the increasing influence of EU Member States in the accession process. In this context, more high-level meetings and summits are foreseen with the Western Balkan countries. Moreover, Member States are gaining importance in monitoring the reforms which makes the process more political. It can be argued that the enlargement process is becoming more difficult and increasingly politicised. To ensure stability of the Western Balkans, the EU should speed up the process and help these countries move forward on the EU path by increasing its support to candidate countries. Regardless, the enlargement process will remain incomplete without Turkey.”

    JANUARY 2020: WE SHOULD ACT TOGETHER WITH THE EU IN RESOLVING THE CRISIS IN IDLIB

    In Syria, while the Assad regime’s attacks on Idlib continue, the number of civilians moving towards the border with Turkey has reached 50 thousand. As the Syrian army is advancing towards the area and the observation points are located in this area, the rules of the agreement reached between Turkey, Iran and Russia within the Astana process have become obsolete. The emerging humanitarian problems have become a particular concern to Turkey as well as countries in the region and the EU. It is crucial to speed up international efforts to take control of the situation in the region and cooperate regarding measures for migration flows caused by the crisis in Idlib.

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made the following statement concerning the situation in Idlib:

    “As a result of ongoing attacks on civilians in Idlib, the number of civilians fleeing the area and moving to the Turkish border has reached 40 thousand in the last 24 hours. Since the beginning of 2019, we know that approximately 1 million 300 thousand civilians have migrated to the area bordering Turkey. This also triggers a major humanitarian crisis. It will become worse with the advance of the Syrian army. The issue was also discussed by German Chancellor Merkel and President Erdoğan in the context of Merkel’s visit to Turkey. Taking control of the situation in Idlib, the cessation of hostilities and the situation of civilians are issues that should be dealt with together by Turkey and the EU in particularly Germany.  With the loss of momentum in the Astana and Sochi processes, the Geneva process, which will ensure peace in Syria, may come to the agenda again. Here, Turkey-EU cooperation will play an essential role.”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu also made the following comments on the humanitarian crisis caused by civilians fleeing Idlib:

    “One of the major issues is the situation of thousands of refugees coming to the Turkey’s borders. It is of utmost importance for the EU to address the issue in order to ensure the security of these refugees. Turkey continues to host 3 million 600 thousand Syrian refugees. While some of these refugees will be returning to Syria, studies show that the vast majority will remain. The continuation of the Turkey-EU statement in the coming period is extremely important to ensure the security and humanitarian needs of refugees. This problem requires Turkey and the EU to work together. In the process of resolving the Syrian issue, the EU also has an important role to play in coordinating international efforts to put leverage on both the Assad regime and Russia which is supporting the regime.”

    JANUARY 2020: TURKEY SHOULD STRENGTHEN TIES WITH THE EU AFTER BREXIT

    In the wake of the vote held in the European Parliament, the UK's Withdrawal Agreement has been approved with 621 votes in favour, 49 against and 13 abstentions. The political group representatives taking the floor at the hearing stated that it was not the end, and the ties uniting the citizens of Europe were still strong. Moreover, it was underlined that it was necessary to take lessons from the Brexit and shape the future of the EU accordingly.

    For the next step, Council of the EU is expected to approve the UK's Withdrawal Agreement by qualified majority. The first-ever withdrawal from EU membership will take place during the term Presidency of Croatia, the youngest EU Member State. As of 31 January 2020, the EU will become a Union of 27 Member States.

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu touched upon this critical process and referred to its significance for Turkey:

    “As of January 31, we will encounter a Union of 27 members. The EP approved the UK Withdrawal Agreement in a very emotional session. A transition period has been envisaged until the end of 2020. During this period, an agreement would be negotiated to determine the conditions of the new relationship between the UK and the EU. In other words, this new agreement needs to be agreed within 11 months. The transition period could be extended for 1 year or 2 years once. The EU side states that an extension was necessary; however, UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson claims the opposite. We will most probably confront tough negotiations, once again. The UK will continue implementing EU laws until the end of transition period. The new agreement, which is planned to be signed with the UK, needs to be approved by the EP. Therefore, we have a difficult and ambiguous period ahead of us.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu reminded that the new agreement, which is planned to be signed by the UK and the EU after Brexit, is important for Turkey, too:

    “The UK is our second largest trading partner within the EU and an important investor in Turkey. According to recent data, the UK ranks the 6th  with a share of 6.2 percent. The prospective agreement between Turkey and the UK which is going to replace the Customs Union is important for Turkey. We both have to maintain the current level in our bilateral relations and enlarge the scope of the agreement by including new sectors. Until now, our citizens have used the right of residence granted by the Ankara Agreement concluded between Turkey and the then EEC in 1963. Upon leaving the EU, the UK will no longer be a party to this agreement; therefore a new agreement to be negotiated between Turkey and the UK is to replace it. It is important to note that because of the Customs Union, we will have to wait until the EU has concluded its own agreement with the UK. However, we have to be alert, proactive and determine our position tediously during these negotiations. Besides EU, we are among the countries that are expected to be most negatively affected from Brexit. As the Turkish business community, we will continue to work with the Turkish Trade Ministry during this process.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu concluded his statement touching upon post-Brexit Turkey-EU relations and said the following:

    “The EU maintains its economic and political importance. In this period that started with the US President Trump’s trade wars, the proliferation of protectionist measures endanger value-chains. In this context, our trade and economic relations should be strengthened by modernising the Customs Union. As a beginning, rapid reforms in the administrative field, justice sector and fundamental rights are compulsory for the launch of the modernisation of the Customs Union and normalisation of the relations with EU. Furthermore, after Brexit, Turkey would be losing a Member State supporting its EU accession bid. France’s approach is obvious. French President Emmanuel Macron has continuously stressed his preference for a restoration of a new partnership with Turkey. German Chancellor Angela Merkel was also supportive of a privileged partnership; however she did not reflect her position on the negotiations. As of 1 July, Germany will assume the rotating presidency of the EU. We should make the most of this six-month period and take the necessary steps to work together with Germany for revitalising the Turkey-EU relations and launching the process for the modernisation of the Customs Union.”

    JANUARY 2020: A PLAN EXCLUDING PALESTINIANS FROM THE PROCESS WILL NOT BRING PEACE

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu commented on US President Donald Trump’s Middle East peace plan. Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that the plan was one-sided and solely designed to uphold Israel’s security. Indicating that a peace process which excludes the Palestinians will be a still-born one, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu made the following remarks:

    “President Trump’s Middle East peace plan, which he presented as the ‘Deal of the Century’, is unfortunately far from bringing peace to the region. As in the case of Trump’s decision to move the US Embassy to Jerusalem, we see that the issue is only considered from the Israeli perspective and the injustice and unfairness suffered by the Palestinians is disregarded. Behind Trump’s moves, lie domestic political concerns. Trump aims to divert attention away from his ongoing impeachment process and also to prepare for the upcoming election campaign. We find it extremely wrong that he is using the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, an issue that concerns peace in the whole region, as a domestic politics material.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also indicated that Trump’s plan was not compatible with the long-standing position of the UN and undermined key principles such as the two-state solution, prevention of the expansion of Israeli settlements, Israel’s withdrawal from the lands occupied since 1967 and the return of approximately 6 million Palestinian refugees. Chairman Zeytinoğlu underlined that creating a fait accompli out of the current situation, without taking into consideration of the position of the Palestinian side, will not bring sustainable peace and continued as follows:

    “Naturally, finding a fair and comprehensive solution to Israeli-Palestinian conflict is very important for stability of the region; however, the solution cannot be reached by unilateral imposition of one side. Trump aims to create a fait accompli and impose a solution on this issue without addressing the essence of the problem. That is not the way to ensure sustainable peace.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also reminded the “Industry for Peace Initiative” in Jenin and highlighted the need for the business community to take action to address poverty and exclusion issues in the region, and said that investments to the region should be encouraged. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also pointed out that investments to the region could facilitate a political solution. Zeytinoğlu underlined that Turkey’s approach towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and its support for the two-state solution is compatible with the position of the EU. Zeytinoğlu suggested that Turkey should cooperate and act in coordination with the EU on peace efforts and concluded his remarks with the following words:

    “The approach of the EU differs from that of the US. The EU supports the two-state solution proposing a state of Palestine which is independent, democratic, united and capable to maintain itself. In this respect, there are some commonalities between Turkey’s and EU’s stance. Turkey could coordinate its initiatives with the EU in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.”

    JANUARY 2020: GERMAN CHANCELLOR MERKEL’S VISIT PRIOR TO GERMANY’S UPCOMING EU PRESIDENCY HAS GREAT IMPORTANCE

    Chancellor Angel Merkel of Germany, which is the leading member state of the EU, visited Turkey on 24 January 2020. IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu assessed Merkel’s visit in terms Turkish-German ties and Turkey-EU relations and made the following statement:

    “German Chancellor Merkel’s Turkey visit is of great significance. Not only is Germany a key country for our relations with the EU, but also our bilateral relations with Germany hold significance both in economic and political terms. Germany is our main export market in the EU. Moreover, German companies investing in Turkey enable our industrial production to take part within EU value chains. Even though these ties have recently weakened as a result of political issues, the two countries remain indispensable partners. It is vital for us to get Germany’s backing in Turkey’s EU accession process. In addition, at a time when geopolitical balances are rapidly changing, it is necessary to maintain cooperation and dialogue on issues such as ensuring security in the Eastern Mediterranean, stability in Libya and the future of Syria.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also underlined the importance of Germany’s upcoming Presidency of the EU Council scheduled for the second half of this year:

    “As it is known, Germany will assume the rotating presidency of the EU on 1 July 2020 and shape the EU’s agenda until the end of the year. We think that this period should be utilised in the most efficient way in terms of Turkey-the EU relations. The recent years have been marked by increasing tension in the relations and stagnation in the Turkey’s EU accession talks. Mutual efforts by Turkey and Germany would be extremely effective in overcoming these difficulties.”

    Stating that priority should be given to launching the negotiations for the modernisation of the Customs Union, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu continued his remarks as follows:

    “Receiving Germany’s green light will be decisive for launching the negotiations aimed at the modernisation of the Customs Union which constitutes an area that can create a win-win situation and mark progress towards a positive agenda in Turkey-EU relations. As insistently underscored by representatives from both European and Turkish business communities in all Turkey-EU High Level Economic Dialogue meetings, the negotiations for the modernisation of the Customs Union should be launched with no further delay. The modernisation of the Customs Union has a great importance for the economic and commercial integration between Turkey and EU. Furthermore, at a time of increasing global uncertainty and trade wars, it will enlarge the market for both sides, increase mutual profits and prevent one-sided trade and commercial advantages. Moreover, the realisation of visa liberalisation upon the successful fulfilment of the six remaining criteria, the resumption of the high-level dialogue meetings which constitute important dialogue channels between Turkey and the EU as well as addressing the reforms which could revive the accession negotiations, would make Germany’s EU term presidency more efficient for our country.”

    Reminding that during Germany’s previous EU Presidency in 2007 three chapters were opened in Turkey’s EU accession negotiations, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu concluded his statement with the following remarks: “Germany and Turkey are two countries with strong historic, economic and social ties. Today, we see once again how important it is to cooperate regarding the developments in countries like Syria and Libya as well as on regional and international issues. As such, the Turkey-EU Statement developed upon the joint initiative of Germany and Turkey, clearly shows that we can cooperate efficiently in finding viable solutions to the mutual problems we face. For these reasons, Germany’s EU Presidency is an important opportunity for us to improve both our bilateral relations with Germany and our relations with the EU. If Turkey rapidly returns to the reform process, we can make the most of Germany’s EU term presidency.”   

    JANUARY 2020: THE EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL WILL MAKE EU’S TRADE STRATEGY GREEN

    The new European Commission that took office in December has placed the European Green Deal among its top priorities. The EU aims to be the first climate-neutral bloc of nations by 2050. In order to achieve this goal, radical steps should be taken.

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu explained what the European Green Deal meant for Turkey:

    “The new European Commission, led by Ursula von der Leyen, identified the European Green Deal as a priority. In this the EU committed to cut of all greenhouse gas emissions to net-zero by 2050. This week, the Commission declared an investment plan of one trillion euros to fund the deal. The investment plan, which includes EU financial instruments, as well as public and private sector investments, aims to fund the transformation of the economy for the next 10 years. It is expected that a new law, which oblige all EU member states to comply with greenhouse gas emission reductions, will be discussed in March. In line with this, EU policies will be reviewed. The use of fossil fuel will be reduced while the use of sustainable energy will be encouraged. Still, the only country, which has not ratified the European Green Deal, is Poland. Even though it is a difficult process, we think that EU’s plans for the next 10 years will be shaped in accordance with the European Green Deal.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also indicated that the European Green Deal will have important consequences for Turkey:

    “Both decision-makers and the business community in Turkey should closely follow the developments related to the European Green Deal. As an EU candidate country and a Customs Union partner, EU’s green strategy changes regulations on the EU Single Market. The shift to renewable energy, waste management and emission controls are being adopted as objectives defined in the circular economy. This situation will also affect EU’s trade strategy. The EU is planning to be the world’s top producer of eco-friendly goods and technologies. Trade policy will be the one of the fundamental instruments of this objective. The clauses in trade agreements such as the ratification and full compliance to the Paris Climate Agreement, carbon limit tax on imports, will affect Turkey as much as EU’s other trade partners. Moreover, a new strategy is being developed for agriculture and new clauses will apply to trade in agricultural products. These changes will affect the rules of our export with the EU. At the same time, there will be new opportunities in terms of eco-friendly technologies and production standards. We have to analyse these developments and we should not lose time in their adaptation.”

  • DECEMBER 2019: PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR EU MEMBERSHIP CONTINUES, BUT BELIEF THAT IT WILL MATERIALISE HAS DECLINED

    According to the results of an opinion poll, which was commissioned by IKV in association with the Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey (TEPAV) thanks to the support of the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey (TOBB), conducted by the MetroPOLL research company, with 4506 people in 35 provinces, 60 percent of the population supports Turkey's membership to the EU while only 23 percent believes that Turkey's EU membership will come true.

    Support for EU membership was highest in southeast Turkey with 66 percent, and lowest in northeast Turkey with 59 percent. Among the respondents, 64 percent of women and 57 percent of men support EU membership. The age group that supports EU membership the most is the 18-24 age group, with a support rate of 66 percent. By education level, with 67 percent and 66 percent respectively, the most support comes from high school graduates and college graduates.

    The proportion of those, who believe Turkey will become an EU member, is 23 percent, compared to 30 percent in 2015, 36 percent in 2016 and 31 percent in 2017. The highest level of belief in Turkey’s EU membership was recorded in the southeast with 34 percent, while the lowest level of belief was recorded in the provinces in the west of the country with 19 percent.

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made the following comments on the results of the public opinion survey:

    "As IKV, we conducted a public opinion survey in association with TEPAV with the support of TOBB. The survey, conducted in 35 provinces with 4506 people, shows that the vast majority of people continue to support EU membership. 60 percent of respondents think that Turkey's EU membership is a good thing. This rate is higher among women than men, among young people than elders, among high school and college graduates than elementary and middle school graduates, and among those living in the southeast than in cities in the northeast. This shows that our people believe in the benefit of EU membership and that despite all the problems and obstacles, they can look at the issue in a rational way. But only 23 percent of respondents believe membership will happen soon. This shows that the obstacles and problems in the EU process have been significantly disappointing, and that the fact that 56 years of relations have still not resulted in membership has undermined the belief in that goal. The support of the Turkish people for EU membership is very important. It is necessary for the EU to respond to this awareness of the Turkish people and to take steps to revive Turkey's accession process. We expect the incoming European Commission and the new president of the European Council and other officials to take initiative on this issue. We call on our government to speed up EU reforms, continue the steps taken in areas such as judicial strategy and visa liberalisation.”

    Expectations of economic recovery, freedom and free movement lie behind the support of EU membership

    75 percent of those supporting EU membership cite prosperity and economic development while 57 percent cite progress in democracy and human rights, and 45 percent cite the possibility of movement, settlement and education in Europe. 59 percent, who do not support EU membership, cite the belief that it would harm their identity and culture, while 24 percent think the EU has no future and 20 percent believe it will undermine Turkey’s foreign policy. While expectations related to the economic advantages and the freedom environment have taken centre stage in support for EU membership, the main reason for the lack of support is the concern that it would undermine identity and culture.

    For 37 percent of the respondents, the EU means prosperity and economic development, while for 21 percent it means democracy and freedom, for 12 percent it means decline and regression, and for 12 percent it means free movement and the removal of borders.

    For 49 percent of those who support Turkey's EU membership, the EU means prosperity and economic development, while for just 2 percent it means decline and regression. For 31 per cent of those, who do not support Turkey's EU membership, the EU stands for decline and regression, with only 16 percent expressing prosperity and economic development. This profound difference in the view of those who support and do not support EU membership can also be interpreted as an indication of social polarisation and worldview differences.

    Majority of the people view prejudice as the most important obstacle to EU membership

    78 percent of respondents consider the most important obstacle to Turkey's EU membership to be prejudice arising from cultural and religious differences. This is followed by Turkey's economic development with 29 percent and problems in democracy and human rights with 28 percent. It is understood that there is a general belief that Turkey is being approached with prejudice.

    The most important topic on the agenda of Turkey-EU relations is the refugee crisis

    According to the survey, the most important issue on the agenda of Turkey-EU relations is the refugee crisis for 38 percent of respondents, accession negotiations for 27 percent, visa liberalisation for 17 percent and the Customs Union between for 13 percent. 64 percent of the respondents think that modernising the Turkey-EU Customs Union would be beneficial for both sides.

    Majority of people think that Turkey is ready for EU membership

    60 percent of respondents think that Turkey has the administrative and institutional capacity and human resources required for EU membership. 57 percent believe that Turkey has fulfilled its obligations to become an EU member.

    Click here to view the study “Turkish Public Opinion Survey on Support for EU Membership and Perception on Europe 2019 (In Turkish)” based on the survey conducted by MetroPOLL commissioned with the support of TOBB by IKV and TEPAV.

    DECEMBER 2019: AYHAN ZEYTİNOĞLU RE-ELECTED AS IKV CHAIRMAN

    The 57th Ordinary General Assembly of IKV was held on 13 December 2019 in Istanbul with the participation of the chairmen of the trustees of the foundation, representatives of the supporting organisations and delegates.

    The General Assembly commenced with opening speeches by The Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey (TOBB) President M. Rifat Hisarcıklıoğlu, Chairman of Turkish Exporters Assembly (TIM) İsmail Gülle, Istanbul Chamber of Commerce (ICOC) President Chairman Şekib Avdagiç, Istanbul Chamber of Industry (ICI) Vice Chairman İrfan Özhamaratlı and IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu.

    Representatives of IKV’s trustee institutions stressed that the EU accession process has gained prominence and pointed out to the critical role IKV has assumed as “Turkey's EU expert”.  While recalling the important role the EU plays in Turkey's foreign trade and investments, they voiced the business community's expectations for the revival of the EU accession process.

    In his opening speech, recalling that IKV was celebrating its 54th anniversary, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that the Foundation which monitors, analyses and formulates views on Turkey's relations with Europe and the EU, would continue to function as "Turkey's EU expert". Stating that civil society organisations always had a word to say where political relations were blocked, Zeytinoğlu highlighted that while laying out Turkey’s rightful claim to the EU, a lot of responsibility fell on IKV.

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu continued his speech as follows: "Unfortunately, recently there have been no positive developments in Turkey-EU relations. There has been no progress in the EU accession negotiations. In addition, there has been no progress in other processes such as the modernisation of the Customs Union and visa liberalisation which we hoped would help revive the relations. While we await normalisation and a new momentum in relations with the EU, we have faced a number of fresh sanctions over hydrocarbon exploration in the Eastern Mediterranean. Association Council meetings and high-level dialogue meetings were suspended, while the funds allocated to Turkey under the 2020 budget were reduced.

    Unfortunately, visa liberalisation, which according to the Turkey-EU refugee deal, was to be finalised by June 2016 has still not been realised. At this point, we see that the conditions for getting visas have become stricter, let alone the removal of the visa requirement. We think that the only way out is to revitalise the accession negotiations and move forward towards the goal of full membership in order to solve these problems altogether.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu concluded his remarks with the following words: “Thanks to the contributions of our trustees and supporting organisations including TOBB, as ‘Turkey's EU expert’, we aim to continue to work on Turkey-EU relations and global developments which are very important for our country’s development, democratisation and integration into the global system and to deliver greater benefits than expected of us.”

    IKV’s Board of Directors for the 2019-2021 period consists of Ayhan Zeytinoğlu, Prof. Dr. Halûk Kabaalioğlu, Zeynep Bodur Okyay, Atilla Menevşe, İsmail Gülle, Simone Kaslowski, Tuncay Şahin, Ömer Gülsoy, Mehmet Kaya, Işınsu Kestelli, Bülent Kasap, Yavuz Altun, Sedat Zincirkıran, Ali Sami Aydın, Levent Taş, Süleyman Uyar and Akansel Koç. Zeynel Abidin Erdem and Musfata İçöz were elected to serve in the Audit Committee.

    DECEMBER 2019: IKV CHAIRMAN COMMENTED ON THE POTENTIAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE ETIAS MECHANISM FOR GREEN PASSPORT HOLDERS

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu commented on the claim according to which green and grey passport holders would face some restrictions in their travels to EU Member States. “While opposing any application that may restrict the rights of Turkish citizens to travel, I think it is necessary to clarify some issues that may cause public confusion” stated IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu. And he continued his words as follows:

    “First and foremost, I would like to point out that the visa-free travel rights of green and grey passport holders during their entrance to EU countries would not be affected following the entry into force of the new mechanism in 2021. As a matter of fact, with the new system called 'European Travel Information and Authorisation System' (ETIAS), Turkish citizens and citizens of third countries including the USA, Ukraine, Canada, New Zealand and Northern Macedonia will simply need to enter the system via internet and fill in the application form in order to be issued a travel authorisation prior to their travels. Spokespersons of the European Commission emphasise that the application form was designed to be filled out within minutes and would not need to be physically sent to any application centre.

    According to data provided by the European Commission, at least 95% of the total registrations to ETIAS would result positively. In other words, ETIAS is an automated IT system created to identify whether a third-country national poses a security risk. It is also possible to see ETIAS as a measure put forward by the EU against the ever-increasing global irregular migration and security threats in general. However, this is one side of the coin. I would like to regretfully express that the other side of the coin is quite dark.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu said that the ETIAS authorisation is not a visa regime, but an information system focused on guaranteeing EU’s border security. However, Zeytinoğlu indicated that applications like ETIAS serve to raise walls of ‘Fortress Europe’. He continued as follows:

    “At this stage, hints that new Commission would take a protectionist stance on migration and border management with ETIAS and other smart border practices unfortunately do not provide a positive picture for us. Due to the economic, psychological, political and legal burdens already incurred by the current Schengen visa regime, travel right of Turkish citizens is severely undermined. Approval to increase Schengen visa fees from €60 to €80 poses already a problem in itself, while the payment of a €7 fee for ETIAS authorisation is highly inconsistent with the EU's social and egalitarian founding values. Furthermore, these practices entail a risk to demoralizing further the Turkish business community, civil society and academic circles, whose interactions with EU stakeholders are damaged because of the visa regime, as well as Turkish citizens who wish to travel to the EU.

    Therefore, it is essential to conclude successfully the technical part of the visa liberalisation dialogue as soon as possible in order to avoid negative perceptions likely to occur among citizens and to ensure the success story that might be needed more than ever, considering long history of Turkey-EU relations.”

    NOVEMBER 2019: IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU ASSESSED THE INCOMING COMMISSION

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu evaluated the European Parliament’s (EP) approval of the new European Commission led by Ursula von der Leyen. IKV Chairman made the following remarks:

    “The new College of Commissioners led by former German Defence Minister Ursula von der Leyen was approved with 461 votes in favour, 157 against and 89 abstentions in the vote held on 27 November 2019 at the EP plenary. The new Commission is set to take office on 1 December following its appointment by the European Council. It is striking that despite all the criticism the von der Leyen Commission has managed to win stronger support from the MEPs compared to its predecessor the Juncker Commission which had been approved by 423 votes in 2014.

    The von der Leyen Commission will take office with a one-month delay leaving behind a tough hearing process with some commissioners-designate being eliminated by EP Committees. As it might be recalled, Hungary, Romania and France had to put forward new names, following the initial nominees’ failure to receive a greenlight from EP Committees.”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made the following remarks about the 2019-2024 European Commission:

    “Ursula von der Leyen will replace Jean-Claude Juncker as the President of the European Commission on 1 December 2019. Ursula von der Leyen, who will take office as the first female European Commission President, will preside over a Commission composed of 11 female and 15 male Commissioners. As such, the von der Leyen Commission has come closest to achieving gender parity in the EU’s institutional history.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu said that the new Commission would take office with 27 members instead of 28, due to the UK’s failure to comply with EU’s calls for nominating a Commissioner. He continued as follows:

    “As stipulated in EU Treaties, due to the postponement of the Brexit deadline, the UK has to nominate a member for the incoming European Commission. However, following the Boris Johnson government’s failure to nominate a commissioner, the Commission has initiated a legal process against the UK. The new College of Commissioners was approved without a British Commissioner not to cause a further delay in the new Commission's functioning. Nevertheless, the need for London to nominate a Commissioner remains valid. This risks bringing the EU and the UK against one another.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu commented on von der Leyen’s remarks that the incoming Commission under her leadership would be “a geopolitical Commission”:

    “Placing emphasis on 'a geopolitical Commission', over the 2019-2024 period, von der Leyen will strive to make the EU a more strategic, more unified, and assertive actor in today’s world dominated by great power rivalry.  Accordingly, increasing the EU’s ability to act autonomously is among the priorities of the new Commission. ”

    Indicating that in the coming period, the Commissioner for Neighbourhood and Enlargement and the EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy would be the key figures for Turkey, IKV Chairman stated the following:

    "In the 2019-2024 Commission, the Commissioner responsible for Neighbourhood and Enlargement and the EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy are key positions closely related to Turkey. In the new Commission, Hungary's former Permanent Representative to the EU Ambassador Olivér Várhelyi will be responsible for the neighbourhood and enlargement portfolio. As it might be recalled, during the 2014-2019 period, this portfolio was carried out by Austrian Commissioner Johannes Hahn, whose rhetoric and approach rather than contributing to Turkey-EU relations, has caused a tension between the parties.

    In the von der Leyen Commission, the post of High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy/Vice President will be held by the former EP President and Spanish Foreign Minister Josep Borrell. The choice of Josep Borrell as EU foreign policy chief is welcome as he was known for his closeness to Turkey during his term as EP President and has more recently advocated diplomacy over sanctions concerning Turkey’s East Med hydrocarbon drilling activities.”

    IKV President Ayhan Zeytinoğlu concluded his remarks about the new EU leadership with the following statements:

    "On 1 December, there will be a changing of the guard not only in the European Commission, but also in the European Council. Ursula von der Leyen will take office as the President of the European Commission and former Prime Minister of Belgium Charles Michel will take office as the President of the European Council. We hope that this change in the EU leadership will lead to a new chapter in Turkey-EU relations and wish success to the new EU leadership.”

    NOVEMBER 2019: IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU EVALUATED THE EU FOREIGN AFFAIRS COUNCIL CONCLUSIONS

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu issued a statement evaluating the EU Foreign Affairs Council conclusions of 11 November 2019 on Turkey’s East Med hydrocarbon drilling activities. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu made the following remarks:

    “Following its scandalous conclusions of 15 July and 14 October 2019, the EU Foreign Affairs Council has moved one step further and adopted a framework for sanctions concerning Turkey's drilling activities in the Eastern Mediterranean. As one can recall, the EU Foreign Affairs Conclusions of 14 October, which were also later endorsed by the European Council, have tasked the EU External Action Service and the European Commission with establishing a framework for restrictive measures. The sanction framework adopted on 11 November is a direct follow up of these conclusions. The adopted framework will lay the groundwork for the EU to impose restrictive measures, such as a travel ban and an asset freeze on natural persons and legal entities linked to Turkey's drilling activities in the Eastern Mediterranean. In addition, under the framework, natural persons and legal entities in the EU would be prohibited from disbursing funds to individuals and institutions that would be on the sanctions list. In the coming period, the EU could identify persons or institutions names to be included in the scope of restrictive measures. ”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu continued his remarks as follows:

    “The EU, which has lost its objectivity regarding the Cyprus issue, continues to lend unconditional support to the Greek Cypriot side under ‘member state solidarity’ against Turkey’s drilling activities, which Turkey conducts to protect within its legitimate rights emanating from the continental shelf as well as those of the Turkish Cypriots who are the co-owners of the island’s natural resources. It is very unfortunate that such a decision was taken in the run up to the tripartite meeting the two parties on the island are set to have with UN Secretary-General Guterres on 25 November in Berlin. The fact that the EU is playing the sanction card rather than coming up with constructive solutions is not only increasing tension in the already strained relations between Turkey and the EU, but it also renders a Cyprus settlement even more difficult.”

    OCTOBER 2019: “THE EP RESOLUTION IGNORES THE TRUTH ABOUT SYRIA AND TURKEY’S HUMANITARIAN ROLE”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu evaluated the EP resolution condemning Turkey’s Operation Peace Spring. Chairman Zeytinoglu said that the decision was difficult to understand and stressed such attitude towards a country with close to 4 million Syrian refugees and that suffered most from the Syrian war is unacceptable. 

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu made the following remarks:

    "Yesterday, EP adopted a resolution against Turkey. The EP resolution condemns Operation Peace Spring and it indicates that the operation has damaged the security of the region and it calls Turkey to withdraw forces from Syria.  While MEP’s welcome establishment of a possible safe zone under UN supervision, they are skeptical of Turkey's efforts to create its safe zone. Therefore they describe the initiative as an invasion. The report, which carries the perception that the operation has been conducted against the Kurdish population, also shares the EP’s concerns that ISIS would strengthen again.

    The statement also asserts that Turkey has used the refugees as a weapon and a leverage. Ultimately, the EP calls the EU Council to impose sanctions on Turkey, impose some measures such as a visa ban against Turkish officials, and impose economic sanctions that could lead to the suspension of the Customs Union. This EP resolution calling for sanctions also reveals the dire situation where Turkey-EU relations have come. Increasingly frayed relations between EU and Turkey, and blocking of the EU accession process by vetoes have brought relations to this stage. There is also a severe bias in the EU, particularly in some far-right circles, that prevents facts from being analyzed as they should be.”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that the issue had been distorted and he underlined that the EU had not fulfilled its duties ongoing process in Syria and instead of this, preferred to blame Turkey:

    “Turkey is the country that has been most affected by the war in Syria so far and has involved in diplomatic efforts to bring the process under control. Turkey launched Operation Peace Spring because international actors, including the EU, have not taken steps to halt the continuing conflict since 2011 and bring stability to Syria up to now. It should not be forgotten that Turkey is the country with the largest population of Syrian refugees. It is also an unfair criticism to say that Turkey uses the refugees as a weapon.”

    SEPTEMBER 2019: THE WAY TO INCREASE TRADE WITH THE US IS THROUGH INVESTMENTS

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement regarding the news that US presented a new plan to Turkey for reaching the bilateral trade volume of 100 billion dollars. Chairman Zeytinoğlu emphasized that Turkish products should have a greater presence in the US market and said that the most important way to achieve the 100 billion dollar target was to increase investments. Chairman Zeytinoğlu recalled that after Turkey had entered into a Customs Union with the EU, and especially after Turkey became an EU candidate country in 1999, the increase in investments from the EU became one of the most effective tools for entering the EU market. Zeytinoğlu continued as follows:

    “We embrace the goal of increasing out trade with the US to 100 billion dollars and support the steps towards this goal. I would like to emphasize that one of the most important elements in this process is increasing investments. Turkey could be a very important investment and production base for US firms. We invite investments from the US to Turkey especially for opening up to Middle East, Africa and Turkic Republics. Similarly, the orientation of the investment to the US from Turkey, will improve access to the US market and trade will be positively affected. The increase in investments will increase bilateral trade and will exceed the expectations. At this point, our adventure with the EU sets an example. Although the EU market is geographically advantageous, our trade relations with the US in terms of the orientation of the US-based investments in Turkey could be an important driving force. If the EU has become our number one export market and trading partner today, the underlying reason is the orientation of the EU-funded investment in Turkey. Influenced by the momentum in Turkey's EU accession process and reforms, foreign direct investments rose from 783 million dollars in 1999 to 22 billion dollars in 2007, recording a 28-fold increase. These investments have fostered Turkey’s integration to value chains and contributed to the integration of EU and Turkish markets. Turkey has also become a convenient location to reach the surrounding regions, such as Africa and the Middle East and Central Asia for EU firms. When we look at the latest data, we see that 65 percent of the foreign direct investment to Turkey comes from Europe, while only 7.4 percent comes from the USA. We have to increase this share to a much higher level. The increase in investments will also constitute an important basis for the increase in trade.”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu also mentioned the steps to be taken for investments originating the US and highlighted the importance of developing trade and investment relations with the US without violating Turkey’s Customs Union obligations:

    “Turkey, which gained significant standardization and know-how within the framework of the Customs Union and EU negotiation process, is a highly suitable country for direct investments. In this respect, I agree with US Commerce Secretary Ross’ call encouraging US firms to invest in Turkey rather than China. To attract investments to our country, especially for technology-intensive products, will also contribute to Turkey’s development. For this, action should be taken to create an appropriate ecosystem, from vocational training to communication technologies, to the advantages of foreign investment. Signing an FTA with the US should be handled in connection with Turkey’s Customs Union obligations. TTIP negotiations between the US and the EU were interrupted after President Trump came to power. However, the Trump Administration tends to renew US trade deals with new conditions. In this respect, negotiations may soon start with the EU. From this point of view, we must be prepared for everything, taking into account the changing conditions of today's trade. Turkey needs to complete its preparations for the FTA with the US. In addition, within the framework of the Customs Union, the problem of FTAs should be resolved as soon as possible. I also address the EU from here. Negotiations for modernisation of the Customs Union should be launched as soon as possible. In this way, Turkey should be able to negotiate FTAs simultaneously with the EU. Moreover, independent steps in Turkey's trade should also be allowed. Otherwise, the Customs Union relationship will be weakened.”

    SEPTEMBER 2019: TAKING FURTHER STEPS TOWARD VISA LIBERALISATION WOULD REVIVE THE EU PROCESS

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoglu made a statement touching upon the Presidential Circular on the visa liberalsation process for short-term travels to the Schengen Area. Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that the Circular is important in terms of meeting the remaining criteria in the visa liberalization process and that it will accelerate the works to be done. In addition, Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that the harmonization process should continue in line with the developments in the EU legislation and the continuity of the circular should be ensured. IKV Chairman Zeytinoglu commented as follows:

    ‘’We hope the Presidential Circular published in the Official Gazette would accelerate the efforts to fully meet the criteria designated in the visa liberalization roadmap, which Turkey has compromised with the EU. Turkey has fulfilled a significant portion of the 72 criteria laid down in the road map. 66 of the 72 criteria have been met. However, the remaining criteria include issues that we may have more difficulty in fulfilling. For example, it envisages changes in the anti-terror legislation in line with EU and Council of Europe principles.  The point here is not to weaken the fight against terrorism, but rather to strengthen issues that can be considered under freedom of expression by decriminalizing them. Other criteria include establishment of the anti-corruption strategy, the completion of the operational co-operation agreement with Europol, and judicial co-operation with EU Member States. Turkey also needs to closely monitor changes in the EU legislation on data protection.”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that visa liberalization is also closely in relation with irregular migration and refugee management and reminded that the implementation of the Turkey-EU Readmission Agreement also constitutes a criterion for visa liberalisation. Chairman Zeytinoğlu concluded that:

    ‘’Controlling migration is a fundamental priority for the EU. Also, this subject is in the foreground in relations with Turkey for a while. There is close cooperation, especially in the matter of refugee influx from Syria. In the visa liberalisation process, the implementation of the readmission agreement signed with the EU in 2013 is one of the criteria. Fulfillment of this condition will install new responsibilities on Turkey such as readmission of irregular migrants passing through Turkey to the EU. However, currently Turkey is already faces irregular migratory flows. The arrival of a new influx of immigration from Idlib may test Turkey’s reception capacity which has already exceeded. Under these circumstances, it is necessary to enhance cooperation with the EU on this issue and to strengthen the burden-sharing efforts. That's why we expect the EU to be more supportive economically and morally in this regard and to side with Turkey.’’

    SEPTEMBER 2019: "THERE IS STILL A CHANCE TO AVOID A NO-DEAL BREXIT"

    While the date of Brexit, 31 October, is approaching for the UK, political uncertainty continues. IKV Chairman, Ayhan Zeytinoğlu, commented on the latest developments. Chairman Zeytinoğlu, saying Brexit would damage the EU-Britain cooperation in many areas such as trade and cybersecurity, also drew attention to the negative consequences for Turkey. Chairman Zeytinoğlu commented on what might happen during the Brexit process:

    “The Brexit process has reached a critical stage. The House of Commons will be suspended on 9 September. By this date, anti-Brexit lawmakers plan to take control of the government in a way that will prevent Brexit without agreement. In the critical vote, the authority to determine the agenda passed from the government to the deputies. The House of Commons then passed a new law requiring a further postponement for the withdrawal of membership if no new agreement was reached with the EU by 19 October. Prime Minister Boris Johnson plans an early election on 14 October. His aim is to renegotiate the withdrawal agreement with the EU, and if the EU fails to do so, to leave the EU on 31 October, even without any agreement. The early election decision requires a 2/3 majority of the Parliament, which seems difficult for Johnson to achieve. Lastly, the opposition parties agreed not to allow snap elections before the extension to the 31 October, the date of Brexit.”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that the top priority should be to avoid a no-deal Brexit, which will have serious consequences for both the EU and the UK:

    “In the short amount of time until 31 October, the main priority for both the UK government and the EU should be to find a formula that will secure the avoidance of a no-deal Brexit. Therefore, the House of Commons' efforts to prevent no-deal Brexit should not be undermined. The government should follow a strategy which will take Brexit supporters’ views into account and will not harm UK-EU relations at the same time. A snap election might seem as a way out, but on the other hand it could make the existing deadlock even more inextricable. The EU can help the UK government to resolve this dilemma and issue an additional clause or declaration to alleviate the concerns of Brexit supporters, even if it does not renegotiate the agreement.”

    Finally, Chairman Zeytinoğlu highlighted the possible impacts of Brexit on Turkey:

    “In Turkey, especially the business community is watching the process closely. In case of a no-deal Brexit, the cost of disruption in trade will be high. The UK is our second largest trading partner in the EU and a country to which we have trade surplus. It is very important to take measures in order not to face the obstacles again, such as customs duty and delays at customs, after Brexit. At the very least, we expect an FTA to be signed which would protect the status quo in the Customs Union and bring up a more comprehensive trade agreement.”

    AUGUST 2019: RESTRICTIONS IN TRANSPORT OF GOODS TO THE EU MARKET DISRUPT THE CUSTOMS UNION

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu issued a press release concerning the problems in transport of goods to the EU market. Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that restrictions on transit permits issued by Slovenia and Hungary, the two EU countries on the transit way to Germany which constitutes Turkey’s biggest export market, disrupt trade. Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated the following:

    “Because of the Customs Union, Turkey is entitled to export industrial goods to the EU without being subject to tariffs or barriers. Customs Union foresees the free movement of goods. However, the difficulties raised by countries violate the principle of free movement of goods. The fact that while the number of transit permits issued by countries on the way to Germany are way less than the 170 thousand transportation quotas issued by Germany, impairs exports. As hauliers exhaust all their annual quotas in the first six months of the year, transit becomes impossible. On the other hand, the alternative routes through Romania and Ukraine to Poland are long and inconvenient. The problems encountered in transport of goods increase the cost of freight and have a negative impact on our competitiveness in the EU market.”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu also indicated that the restrictions were against the Customs Union:

    “The principle free movement of goods, which is the basis of the Customs Union, is violated by barriers in transportation. The quotas applied to trucks carrying goods affect trade in a negative way. To solve these problems, lobbying activities should be initiated on a country basis. Resorting to different transport modes such as increasing the use of railway transportation could help solve these problems. We invite the European Commission to take action on this issue since the obstacles concerning transit quotas raised by the EU Member States are against the Customs Union. A study commissioned by the European Commission shows that the liberalisation of road transportation between Turkey and the EU will result in 2.3 billion euro additional output.  We demand the abolition of quotas and the other restrictions in a way that will benefit both the Turkish and the EU economy.”

    JULY 2019: TURKEY COULD PARTICIPATE IN EU`S NEW GENERATION FIGHTER JET PROJECT

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu stated that as an alternative to the F-35 program Turkey could participate in the new generation fighter jet project jointly initiated by France, Germany and Spain. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu proposed that the possibility that Turkey could participate in this project, which is part of the EU’s efforts in creating capabilities autonomous from the US, should be explored. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated the following:

    The new generation fighter jets to be designed by Dassault Aviation and Airbus are set to replace Rafale and Eurofighter which are currently in use. The UK is also designing a new fighter jet called Temptest as a competitor to this project. Defence ministers of France, Germany and Spain signed a cooperation agreement at the Paris Air Show on 17 June 2019. Under the Future Combat Air System (FCAS), the fighter jet is set to be accompanied by drones and an air combat cloud. The French and German governments are planning to invest 4 billion euros to the new fighter jet by 2025, the first prototype of which is foreseen by 2026. Alternatives could be explored by Turkey whose removal from the F-35 programme is possible due to the arrival of Russian S400. Turkey’s possible participation in the joint fighter jet project should be considered.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also talked about Turkey’s cooperation within the scope of Eurosam which was established in 1989 as a joint venture of France and Italy and stated that Eurosam’s defence systems could be used both autonomously and by being integrated with other systems. Reminding that Turkey signed a cooperation agreement with Eurosam for development of the long range air and missile defence system, IKV Chairman suggested a similar model to be applied for the fighter jet project.

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also criticized the EU’s decision to adopt measures against Turkey and indicated that the Turkey’s importance for the EU which is in the process of forming a defence union has increased:

    “Recently, the US’ reluctance to assume a role in defence of Europe has led the EU to speed up its efforts to take care of itself. Both German Chancellor Merkel and French President Macron have emphasised the need to create a defence force and strengthen the European defence industry. In this context, the UK’s withdrawal from the EU is concerning in terms of a common EU defence capability. Closer defence cooperation with an important NATO ally and a regional power like Turkey could contribute to EU’s efforts in realising its common defence vision. The Council has spelled out the possibility for third country participation in projects carried out under permanent structured cooperation (PESCO). It is highly likely that Greek Cypriot Administration will try to block Turkey’s participation. However, Turkey’s potential significant contribution to EU’s defence initiatives could lead to the EU’s approach to the Cyprus question to be questionized.”

    Lastly, IKV Chairman referred to the recent Foreign Council Conclusions on Turkey and said:

    “As to the issue of East Med hydrocarbon exploration, it is extremely unfortunate that the EU in full reliance on Greek and Greek Cypriot claims has adopted restrictive measures against Turkey. The EU should adopt a more realistic approach vis-à-vis Turkey and develop possibilities for cooperation. At this point, Turkey rather than turning its back to Europe should continue its efforts for dialogue.”

    JULY 2019: IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU ASSESSED THE INCOMING EU LEADERSHIP’S POTENTIAL APPROACH VIS-À-VIS TURKEY

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu assessed the names designated to key posts in EU institutions in terms of their stance on Turkey-EU relations. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu made the following remarks concerning the election of Council’s nominee German Defence Minister Ursula von der Leyen as the President of the European Commission in the vote held at the EP plenary on 16 July 2019:

    “On 16 July 2019, German Defence Minister Ursula von der Leyen, who was put forward by the European Council for European Commission President, was confirmed by EP members by a margin of 383 votes to 327. Von der Leyen, who is set to take over from the current President of the European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker on 1 November 2019, will be the first German to preside over the European Commission after the institution’s first President Walter Hallstein. The fact that von der Leyen was confirmed with a slim margin signals that in the coming period, the incoming Commission will have a difficult time securing the support of the EP which has an increasingly fragmented composition”.  

    Indicating that von der Leyen's appointment as the first female President of the European Commission was a historic step, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu said:

    “Von der Leyen will take office as the first female President of the European Commission. This is a historic step for breaking the glass ceiling in the EU. As part of the EU top jobs package agreed by EU leaders, von der Leyen's appointment to the helm of the EU’s executive arm is an important indication of the determination to ensure gender equality in key posts at EU’s top management level”.

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu shared his views regarding von der Leyen’s potential approach to Turkey-EU relations:

    “Although von der Leyen’s surprise candidacy for European Commission Presidency has sparked great debate among EU circles, von der Leyen is a supporter of further integration and advocates a vision based on the “United States of Europe”. As an Atlanticist, von der Leyen is known for her support for strengthening EU-NATO cooperation and the efforts for closer EU defence cooperation.

    Moreover, von der Leyen had engaged in active diplomacy for NATO’s efforts to undertake patrol duties in slowing the influx of refugees in the Agean Sea in 2016. The fact that an Atlanticst, with solid experience in security and defence matters, will preside over the European Commission can also be interpreted as a positive development for Turkey, which plays a critical role in the security of EU.

    For Turkey, obviously von der Leyen is a more positive choice than Manfred Weber who was initially considered for this post as a lead candidate of the centre-right EPP for the reason that he had made ending Turkey’s EU accession negotiations a priority in his campaign. In 2016, von der Leyen, together with the Federal Minister of Justice Heiko Maas, voiced support for Turkey’s EU accession negotiations in an interview with Spiegel magazine and stated that it would be right for the negotiations to be advanced.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that how the enlargement policy will be taken up by the new Commission was highly anticipated by both Turkey and the Western Balkan countries:

    “It is extremely important how enlargement policy will be taken up by the new Commission led by von der Leyen. Equally important is the Commissioner who will be responsible for the enlargement dossier. As it is known, Juncker’s remarks that there will be no new enlargement in the current Commission’s term have created disappointment in Turkey and the Western Balkan countries. Moreover in the case of Turkey, statements by Johannes Hahn, who is responsible for this dossier, rather than contributing to the relations, have created further tension in Turkey-EU relations. We hope that the incoming President of the European Commission will send a positive message on enlargement which is the EU’s most successful foreign policy instrument and that the enlargement dossier will be assigned to a Commissioner from a Turkey-friendly country with a constructive approach to reforms.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu shared his assessment on the appointment of Spanish Foreign Minister Josep Borrell Fontelles as the next EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy:

    “Spanish Foreign Minister Josep Borrell is set to become the EU’s new foreign policy chief on 1 November 2019 provided that he is approved by the EP as part of the College of Commissioners. The Spanish social democrat, who previously served as the President of the EP, is a well-known figure among EU circles. Given his solid experience in the field of foreign policy and at the EU level, Borrell’s appointment as the EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and security policy is a positive development.

    Concerning Turkey, the EP resolution recommending the launch of EU accession talks was adopted during Borrell's term as EP President which can be recalled by the famous photo with parliamentarians holding “yes” placards in different languages. At that time, during an official visit to Turkey, he came together with representatives of the business community and civil society at a meeting jointly organised by TOBB and IKV. During his term in office, Borrell opposed controversial attempts to questionize Turkey’s status as a candidate state. And lastly, at the EU Foreign Affairs Council meeting on 15 July 2019 he openly argued against sanctions stating that diplomacy should be given priority before considering the option of sanctions regarding Turkey's drilling activities in the Eastern Mediterranean. It is very positive to have a name close to Turkey on the side representing the EU in the Turkey-EU High Level Political Dialogue process.”

    Lastly, IKV Chairman assessed Belgian Prime Minister Charles Michel’s election as the new President of the European Council:

    “On 2 July EU leaders elected the liberal Belgian Prime Minister Charles as Donald Tusk's successor. Michel, who will take office on 1 December 2019, is the second Belgian to preside over the European Council. Michel is known for his closeness to French President Emmanuel Macron, with whom he is in the same political family.

    Michel, who came to power as the youngest Prime Minister of Belgium in 2014, will be tasked with finding a compromise among diverging national interests in the European Council, which represents the Member States.

    Previously, Michel has made some controversial statements calling for the suspension of Turkey’s accession negotiations and suggesting that the relationship should be advanced within different frameworks such as strategic partnership. We hope that as the President of the European Council, he will not resort to such non-constructive discourse.”

    JULY 2019: EU FOREIGN AFFAIRS COUNCIL CONCLUSIONS ON TURKEY DAMAGE SECURITY AND STABILITY IN THE REGION

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement on EU Foreign Affairs Council’s decision to impose sanctions on Turkey. Indicating that the decision was a continuation of the EU's earlier mistakes on the Cyprus issue, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stressed that the only solution was to accept the rights and legitimate actions of Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Chairman Zeytinoğlu continued as follows:

    “The EU Council has made a decision that will strain the relations with Turkey. It is an indisputable fact that not only Greek Cypriots, but also Turkish Cypriots have rights over the island’s natural resources. In addition, Turkey's sovereign rights arising from its territorial waters and continental shelf in the Eastern Mediterranean must be recognised by the EU. Without taking these two issues into consideration, it is not possible for the EU to play a positive role on the Cyprus hydrocarbon exploration issue. ”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu emphasised the negative impact the EU’s narrow-minded and one-sided approach has on regional stability:

    “The EU has committed the gravest mistake by admitting the Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus as the sole representative of the Island despite its rejection of the Annan Plan. Moreover, the EU has failed to deliver on its promises to end the isolation of the TRNC. The Cyprus question continues to constitute a problem in numerous areas namely; Turkey’s EU accession negotiations, the modernisation of the Customs Union and visa liberalisation. In essence, the decision to impose sanctions on Turkey is a continuation of these mistakes. Resolving the Cyprus question and the hydrocarbon exploration issue through dialogue can only be possible if the EU acknowledges this mistake and recognises Turkey’s position as a guarantor state as well as the rights of the TRNC.”

    “Sanctions essentially harm the EU”

    Lastly, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu said that the EU would actually damage its own interests by imposing sanctions on Turkey and concluded his remarks as follows:

    “The Council in its conclusions, has decided to not to hold further high-level dialogue and Association Council meetings, to reduce 2020 pre-accession funding earmarked for Turkey, to review the European Investment Bank's (EIB) loans to Turkey and to suspend negotiations on the  Comprehensive Air Transport Agreement. Such a decision, which would further diminish the already strained opportunities for dialogue and cooperation with Turkey, would harm the EU more than Turkey. The aim of the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA) is to facilitate the candidate country's alignment with the EU. Similarly, EIB loans aim to contribute to EU’s prosperity and stability by strengthening infrastructure in Turkey. In other words, the EU is not only compromising its principles and values with these sanctions, but it is also damaging the cooperation and investment opportunities in the region in the long term.  The European Commission has emphasised on its website that Turkey is a very important aviation partner for the EU and that Istanbul has become a hub especially in terms of passenger traffic. In this sense, the suspension of the negotiations for the Comprehensive Air Transport Agreement will adversely affect the EU and its citizens.”

    JULY 2019: TRNC’S CONSTRUCTIVE PROPOSAL WILL NOT BE WELCOMED BY THE GREEK CYPRIOT ADMINISTRATION

    IKV Vice Chairman Prof. Halûk Kabaalioğlu said: “TRNC’s hydrocarbons proposal to the Greek Cypriot side is a constructive one. However, I do not think that the Greek Cypriots would accept it.”

    IKV Vice Chairman Prof. Halûk Kabaalioğlu assessed TRNC’s hydrocarbons proposal submitted to the Greek Cypriot Administration and the EU’s position vis-à-vis Turkey against the developments in the Eastern Mediterranean to Anadolu Agency.

    Stating that although the proposal made by the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus to the Greek Cypriot leader Nicos Anastasiades through the United Nations calling for the establishment of a joint committee on hydrocarbons was a constructive step, it is unlikely to be accepted by the Greek Cypriot Administration, IKV Vice Chairman Kabaalioğlu said that EU Foreign Affairs Council Conclusions on Turkey would imply limited restrictions in practice.

    “Akıncı’s proposal is constructive”

    IKV Vice Chairman Prof. Kabaalioğlu indicated that TRNC’s cooperation proposal foreseeing the joint exploration and management of the hydrocarbon resources around the Island was extremely positive and continued as follows:

    “TRNC President Akıncı’s proposal was also supported by the Republic of Turkey. This is a constructive proposal. It foresees taking measures to avert a crisis. But I do not think that the Greek Cypriots will accept it. I think that as always, they will continue their uncompromising and uncooperative approach. My wish is that they would accept it.”

    Pointing out that defying its fundamental rules, the EU has admitted the Greek Cypriot Administration as a full member based on the claim that it was the sole representative of the Island despite its violation of the constitution and the founding treaties of Cyprus, IKV Vice Chairman Kabaalioğlu said: “Turkey should have intensely resisted this in 2004. Unfortunately, with the Annan Plan we have turned a blind eye to the violation of our rights emanating from the treaties namely the governing provision forbidding Cyprus from joining an international organisation of which both Turkey and Greece are not members.”

    Assessing EU Foreign Affairs Council Conclusions on Turkey’s hydrocarbon exploration activities in the Eastern Mediterranean, IKV Vice Chairman stated: “In line with its rules, the EU has to act in solidarity with its Member States. The EU’s founding Treaty stipulates the need to act in solidarity with Member States. In line with this, they say ‘We will back Cyprus’. The measures that have been adopted are of symbolic nature.”

    Reminding that the EU was going through a transition period with the change of leadership in its major institutions, concerning the Council Conclusions IKV Vice Chairman Kabaalioğlu said: “The decision-making mechanism must have taken this decision to pass over the matter lightly. I do not think that the measures foreseen will have a considerable significance in practice.”

    MAY 2019: AFTER THE TURKEY REPORT: REVIVING THE EU ACCESSION PROCESS SHOULD BE THE PRIORITY

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu assessed the 21st Turkey Report and the EU enlargement strategy. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that in the Report, Turkey’s status as a key partner and an EU candidate country was confirmed and the cooperation on issues such as migration and refugees was welcomed. Emphasising that the Report included important findings regarding the political and economic criteria for EU membership, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that according to the Report there was backsliding in compliance with the EU criteria. While stating that the assessments made in the Report should be taken into consideration, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu said that the report portrayed a one-sided and non-constructive approach.

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu made the following remarks:

    “The Turkey Report prepared by the European Commission was published today. The Report focuses on the Political Criteria namely; on the independence of the judiciary, freedom of expression, media and checks and balances.  At the same time, however, economic problems are addressed as well. Structural reforms, transparency in governance, democratic and legal norms, which are highlighted in the Report are in line with the rules and standards of the Council of Europe, of which Turkey is a member. However, it is not sufficient to solely present an analysis of the situation or to criticise Turkey in the areas Turkey experiences challenges. Closing the door on Turkey and making one-sided criticisms is not a coherent approach.”

    “Do not close the door on Turkey; unlock the negotiations”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu pointed out that since 2016 no new chapter has been opened to negotiation and based on the Council Conclusions adopted last year the modernisation of Customs Union could not be launched. He continued as follows:

    “The accession negotiations are the EU’s most important tool to maintain progress in candidate countries. The main purpose of these negotiations is to prepare the candidate country for EU membership and enable them to embrace EU values. However, the EU does not use this mechanism in the case of Turkey. Opening Chapter 23 on Judiciary and Fundamental Rights would be the most effective step for progress in the areas of law, justice and freedoms in Turkey.  Yet, it cannot be opened due to Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus’ veto.  Again, eight chapters related to Customs Union have been suspended because of the Cyprus issue.

    The EU has made a huge mistake by reducing its relations with Turkey to the Cyprus issue.  It is easy to criticise. What is essential is to support Turkey and make the available mechanisms work to make progress. Negotiations for the modernization of the Customs Union have not been launched, let alone revitalising the accession negotiations. The visa liberalisation process is still to be completed. Reducing the relations to migration is an unproductive policy.   From migration to energy, from investments to stability in the Balkans, Turkey is an extremely important partner for the EU. Turkey is not “just any country” for the EU and it cannot be so. It would be a wrong step to leave the relationship unsettled. On the contrary, more cooperation and alignment is needed. The strengthening of the bond between Turkey and the EU based on common interests would foster a win-win relationship.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that the EU standards on rule of law, independence of the judiciary, freedom of expression and democratic check and balance mechanisms were in line with universal norms democratic and legal norms, and underscored that the findings of the Report on these issues should be taken into consideration. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also mentioned that findings on the Economic Criteria touched on various important challenges. He emphasised the fact that Turkey was integrated well enough in the EU market in terms of trade and investment was an important finding.   Moreover, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu commented on the fact that no reference had been made on launch of the negotiations for the modernisation of the Customs Union and stated the Commission’s support in this area was crucial for a smooth functioning Customs Union relationship. IKV Chairman emphasised that Turkey should start implementing budget discipline and structural reforms. IKV Chairman argued that apart from making some valid points, the Report was overshadowed by a biased and exclusionary view.

    “Revitalising the EU process will revive reforms”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu reminded that the Report, which analyses Turkey’s compliance with the Copenhagen Criteria, should be reviewed in the context of the EU’s enlargement strategy and EU-Turkey relations. IKV Chairman stated that the challenges faced by the EU and the rise of the extreme right in the EU slowed down the enlargement process. In contrast to that, IKV Chairman highlighted that the Commission recommended opening accession negotiations with Albania and North Macedonia. He went on to say that a Balkan region that is more integrated to Europe would be stronger in terms of stability and security.

    IKV Chairman pointed out that EU membership objective has lost its effect on the reform process, since negotiations with Turkey have come to a halt. He underlined that the European Commission was responsible for conducting accession negotiations and the process being blocked due to the Cyprus issue and political vetoes harmed Turkey-EU relations. IKV Chairman stated that the most effective tool for ensuring progress in candidate countries on their road to the EU was accession negotiations and the EU by not appropriately using this mechanism in the context of Turkey, had in a way reversed the will it had made with the decision to launch accession talks with Turkey.

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu also drew attention to the Report’s analysis regarding the Cyprus issue:

    “The section focusing on Cyprus is also interesting. While Turkey’s offshore hydrocarbon exploration activities are considered as a disregard of the sovereignty of an EU Member State, the Report takes no note of the rights of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus the island’s Exclusive Economic Zone. While stating that Turkey is moving away from EU values, the Report fails to make any recommendations to bring Turkey closer to the EU.  The fact that it ignores the security challenges and risks that a country as Turkey, which is extremely important for Europe’s security, is faced with and it solely focuses on criticisms weakens the Report’s effect”. 

    MAY 2019: AFTER THE EP ELECTIONS, NEW RESPONSIBILITIES FALL ON TURKEY TO KEEP THE EU-TURKEY RELATIONS ON TRACK

    European Parliament (EP) elections were held on 23-26 May 2019 in 28 member states. 50.5 percent of the 427 million eligible voters turned out to the polls, which bore the risk of increased representation of populist and Eurosceptic ideas at the Parliament, recording the highest turnout rate since 1994. This high turnout rate is considered to represent peoples’ dissatisfaction. The fact that the effect of the populist wave was limited and most of the people voted for liberal and green parties are among the most significant outcomes of the election.

    Stating that the EP election results convey conflicting messages on the future of the EU, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu assessed the responsibilities that fall on Turkey in the coming period in which EU institutions are set to be renewed:

    “Even though far-right parties scored the highest rates in Italy, France and Hungary, the fact that populist parties won only a total of 71 seats in the Parliament is a positive development. This situation is positive not only for the EU, but also for the future of EU-Turkey relations, meaning that political parties known for their anti-Turkey stance have failed to constitute a majority in Parliamentary groups.

    It needs to be highlighted that the number one reason underlying the far-right votes is anti-establishment tendencies. Likewise, the reason for the far-right National Rally in France, League in Italy, and Fidesz in Hungary to have received the highest percentage of votes in their respective countries is their criticism against the EU policies. The Brexit Party receiving 31.7 percent of the votes in the UK is a reaction to the Brexit process which has turned into chaos. On the other hand, when we look closer, the 3.5 percent vote rate of the Dutch PVV, which has embraced an anti-Turkey discourse as its political rhetoric, indicates that the potential of the anti-Turkey discourse attracting votes has extremely diminished.

    While the EU focuses on renewing itself in the coming days, Turkey should demonstrate its commitment to the fundamental values forming the basis of the EU in order to revive the accession negotiations. It is extremely important for Turkey to propose concrete solutions to criticisms in the European Commission’s 21st Report on Turkey which will be published on 29 May 2019. The focus of these solutions should be the “backsliding” in the policy areas which have been growing in number since 2014 reaching 12 last year. That way, reports, which have failed to go beyond providing an analysis of the current situation, can be turned into a dynamic that contributes to progress in accession negotiations.”

    Referring to the opinion survey results IKV conducted in November 2017, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu underlined that 78.9 percent of the Turkish population supported EU membership. “Despite the high rate of support, only 31.2 percent believe that Turkey will become an EU member, which is a discouraging factor in accession negotiations. Although the EU’s indecisiveness vis-à-vis Turkey is among the main reasons underlying this loss in motivation, demonstrating Turkey’s commitment to the EU integration project, which still faces existential crises, will be a strategic move in Turkey’s path to the EU.”

    Expressing the view that difficult times awaited the EU institutions which would go through major changes after the EP elections, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that disagreements on the European integration project have grown and become increasingly visible. IKV Chairman continued his remarks as follows:

    “It is without a doubt that the EU faces an important challenge. After 3 years of wobbling in the shadow of Brexit, it is now time to put into action the future scenarios in the integration project. Even though the election results differ from country to country, and it is hard to generalise, the main message by the citizens to the EU leaders is that there is a need for fast and efficient transformation in major policy areas.

    In that sense, the Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, who claims to renew the Union and clashes with the EU’s status quo, seems like he will be an effective figure in the EU of the coming era. After all, Orbán’s Fidesz party obtained a historic 52.14 percent of the votes at the EP elections. Having joined the EU during the “big bang” enlargement wave, Hungary constitutes one of the most concrete examples of differentiated integration discussions. The EU should immediately move away from its one-size-fits-all approach. In a context with socio-economic and historical differences, as well as with disagreements on fundamental policies, as can be seen from the election results, the integration project needs more innovative and flexible solutions.”

    Stating the fact that the centre-right and the social democrats have lost their majority in the Parliament, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu continued his statement as follows:

    “Although they vary by member states’ internal dynamics, the most common ground of far-right populist views is that they shake the position of centre-right and left which we can also describe as the status quo powers in the EU. The populist right has not only managed to bring fundamental values of the Union such as democracy and freedom of press into question, but also has created the impression among citizens that accepted notions need bending. These developments, which have led the European Peoples Party (EPP) and the Socialists and Democrats (S&D) to lose 71 seats in the Parliament, also point to possible transformations in status quo. However, one should not be mistaken to view this as a victory of far-right populist ideologies. The Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) increasing its presence by 39 more seats and Greens/ European Free Alliance (EFA) by 16 more seats show that citizens attach importance to issues other than the migration crisis. Especially, the general consensus that the EU is not doing enough in climate policies has increased the focus on climate change in Europe, making it a stronger political stance. Hence, liberal ideologies focusing on environment find place in Europe among those ideologies that shake the status quo and this keeps giving us hope.”

    MAY 2019: IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU: “TURKEY SHOULD TAKE ITS PLACE IN THE EU”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu issued a statement on the occasion of 9 May Europe Day. Focusing on universal values that make Europe Europe and underlining Turkey’s important role in protecting those values, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated:

    “69 years ago, Schuman Declaration proposed a Coal and Steel Community to be formed in order to provide and maintain peace and security in Europe. The master mind of this suggestion was Jean Monnet and when the French Minister of Foreign Affairs Robert Schuman made this proposal, he aimed for a Europe where peoples were connected to one another and where it was impossible to have another war by starting an economic integration.

    Today, we see Europe, as a peace and cooperation project, has achieved most of its goals. However, the EU is still facing major issues and threats such as the rise of populism and far-right politics, erosion of liberal values, xenophobia, Islamophobia, anti-migration feelings, waning of multilateralism in the global order, weakening of international organisations … These phenomena shake the very foundations of the EU. The EU will either submit to these challenges, or it will take action in order to preserve its values and reform its internal structure.

    In a period when the EU should redefine itself, Turkey's EU membership perspective holds great significance. The EU that can have Turkey as a member will undoubtedly be much more meaningful and powerful. There are valuable contributions that Turkey can offer the EU in terms of increasing its influence in the Middle East and Eurasia, and continuing to be a major player in the global system. The EU should take encouraging steps for Turkey’s EU perspective instead of isolating itself and considering biased and discriminatory discourses. For instance, it can take a truly visionary step by opening the currently blocked Chapter 23 on Judiciary and Fundamental Rights and Chapter 24 on Justice, Freedom and Security.

    As Turkey, our share is to take the necessary steps to realise our EU membership goal. Let us re-initiate reforms to meet the EU criteria, just like the period before 2004 leading to the decision on launching the EU accession negotiations was made. Let us do our homework and accelerate the process of alignment with the EU. As we have done before, we can still revitalise the EU process today. Let us not please the anti-Turkey circles in Europe. Let us revive the EU agenda”.

    MAY 2019: IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU ASSESSED THE DRILLING ACTIVITIES IN THE EAST MED

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu commented on the recent statements made by the US Department of State and EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the European Commission, Federica Mogherini concerning Turkey’s offshore drilling activities. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that it was only natural for Turkey to conduct oil and gas exploration activities in the areas licensed by the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and stated that the calls made by the US and the EU for termination of those activities were baseless, unfair, far from being constructive.

    IKV Chairman made the following remarks:

    “It is only natural for Turkey to conduct hydrocarbon exploration activities in close cooperation and coordination with the TRNC. The Greek Cypriot Administration has been unilaterally concluding Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) delimitation agreements with regional states with no intention to include the TRNC in this process.  Therefore, neither the delimitation agreements nor the EEZ is valid for Turkey. Such statements backing the Greek Cypriot Administration, which follows a policy based on rejecting the presence of the TRNC and isolating the Turkish Cypriots, apart from being far from reality portray an unfair approach. This approach based on imposing isolations on the Turkish Cypriot community, who have given strong support to a solution by saying “Yes” to the Annan Plan, and excluding them from the EEZ delimitation process, makes a solution more difficult. Such approaches that favour the Greek Cypriot Administration, which despite its rejection of the Annan Plan has been admitted to the EU in detriment to EU principles representing the whole island, and disregard the TRNC represent an extremely unfair perspective based on double-standards. I urge global actors such as the US and the EU, which Turkey is aspiring to join as a candidate country, to see the issue with both its dimensions and portray a constructive approach.”

    APRIL 2019: WE ARE CONCERNED ABOUT THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT’S RECENT VISA FEE REGULATION

    Just before the upcoming EP elections, which are expected to bring major changes both in the Parliament, and in the European Commission, the Parliament approved a series of decisions. Without a doubt, one of the most prominent decisions was the increase in the amount of the Schengen visa application fee, to which nationals of many non-EU countries, including Turkey, are subjected to. The new rule was approved on 17 April 2019, and foresees the visa fee to be increased from 60 euros to 80 euros.

    Turkish citizens are already facing harsh economic challenges resulting from the Schengen visa application process. In fact, according to IKV’s calculations, in 2017, Turkish citizens paid 58,302,600 euros in total for visa applications. IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu issued a statement regarding the matter: 

    “The decision we find the most unfortunate in the new Schengen visa regulation is the increase of visa fees from 60 euros to 80 euros. Turkey is a candidate country to the EU and is in a visa liberalisation dialogue with the EU, yet we are still left alone with new regulations that complicate the visa process. This is unacceptable to us.  Considering the additional expenses, such as translation fees, service charges, and international travel insurance expenses, Turkish citizens are already facing critical challenges when traveling to EU countries. An additional increase in payments would harm building cultural bridges among Turkish and EU citizens, influence the interaction between Turkish academics and Turkish NGOs, and their counterparts in the EU negatively.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also commented on the regulation that would allow for a more flexible visa application process:

    “Within the current system, Turkish citizens can start their visa application to Schengen countries three months before their scheduled travel the earliest. Under the new regulation, they will be able to start the procedure six months before their scheduled travel date. While we welcome this change in a positive manner, we do not find it sufficient, as the main procedural challenges faced by Turkish citizens are late replies to applications, and the fact that they cannot apply for a visa in short notice.

    Events and meetings organised by the business world, and by academic circles/NGOs, that are scheduled to take place in the EU, are planned in much shorter time compared to the past.  Hence, the inability to apply for a visa in short notice results in major injustice. If there is to be flexibility in visa applications, these problems should be covered as well.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu concluded his statement by highlighting the fact that the new updates on this matter cannot be addressed independent from the visa liberalisation dialogue. He added: “It is important to keep in mind that in recent years Turkey has taken important steps for the realisation of its goal of a visa-free Europe, and has often maintained a successful cooperation with the European Commission. It is essential to end the process on a high note in order to establish intercommunal cooperation, as well as mutual understanding. Turkey has implemented countless reforms in many areas, ranging from reforms in border and document security and amendments in current regulations to strengthening of institutional infrastructure, reforms in data security and in readmission mechanisms.  

    The new resolution, approved by the EP yesterday, jeopardises not only the visa liberalisation dialogue, but also the current visa process due to possible complications in irregular migration, and readmission. At this point, it is important to remind the importance of Turkey in terms of Europe’s border security. We expect the EU to approach its visa relations with Turkey with a focus on rights and economic/political cooperation, rather than a focus on security.”

    APRIL 2019: IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU CONDEMNED FRANCE’S DECISION TO DECLARE 24 APRIL AS MEMORIAL DAY

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu assessed French President Emmanuel Macron’s declaration of 24 April as “Memorial Day.” In his statement, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu said that for the sake of short-term interests, France damaged strong economic, historical and political relations with Turkey. He condemned this decision which is extremely far from being visionary and constructive. He also added that with exports worth 7.3 billion dollars France is Turkey’s seventh largest export market and stated that Turkey’s imports from France have reached 7.4 billion dollars. To this end, the trade volume between the two countries is close to 15 billion dollars. It can be seen that the efforts to deepen the political and economic relations are ignored with such political decision.

    Similarly, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu said that on 10 April 2019, the Italian Chamber of Deputies adopted a proposal recognising the allegations concerning the 1915 events. In addition, he emphasised that this political decision and populist attitude damage  not only the bilateral relations but also Turkey-EU relations. He also stated that the duty of politicians is to create a prosperous future not to judge the history. Zeytinoğlu concluded his speech with the following words: “We hope that as soon as possible, our French and Italian friends will take the necessary steps to prevent further damage to our bilateral relations.”

    MARCH 2019: IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU DELIVERED A MESSAGE REGARDING THE THIRD ANNIVERSARY OF TURKEY-EU STATEMENT

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu shared his views in regard to third anniversary of 18 March Turkey-EU Statement. He especially underlined that the deal between Turkey and the EU aims to end irregular crossing of Syrians from Turkey to Greece.  On the other hand, as IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu elaborated, Turkey-EU Statement also contains provisions directly focusing almost all other areas of the relations. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu continued as follows:

    “Even though the deal contains measures targeting various areas of the relations, there is no progress in other areas rather than the refugee cooperation which is also in a chequered phase.

    In addition to that, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu touched upon the EU Facility for Syrians in Turkey (FRIT) amounting to 3+3 billion euros for the terms of 2016-2017 and 2018-2019. Chairman Zeytinoğlu said as follows: “Despite the fact that some significant projects have been funded by the FRIT, there remain delays in the disbursement process. “

    Lastly, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu commented on the implementation phase of Turkey-EU Statement concerning the other areas of the relations:

    “Since June 2016, none of the accession negotiation chapters have been opened; neither any progress has been achieved concerning the modernization of the Customs Union. Today, despite all the efforts since December 2016, visa liberalization for Turkish citizens didn’t take place. Turkey lifted state of emergency yet still there is no acceleration in the relations. In this sense, Turkey needs to take necessary steps decided upon during the two Reform Action Group meetings took place in 2018 and put a positive pressure. In return the EU should be acting with a sense of responsibility towards Turkey. Hereby, the EP’s Turkey Report and some Member States’ vetoes unfortunately damage the relations."

    MARCH 2019: THE ASSOCIATION COUNCIL HOLDING ITS 54TH MEETING IS PROMISING FOR TURKEY-EU RELATIONS

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu assessed the 54th meeting of the Turkey-EU Association Council held on 15 March 2019. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated the meeting, which was held after a 4-year hiatus, was extremely positive in terms of normalization in Turkey-EU relations and continued as follows:

    “The reconvening after a four-year hiatus of the Association Council, which is the main decision-making body in Turkey-EU relations, is encouraging. The fact that EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Federica Mogherini has emphasised Turkey’s status as a candidate country and Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu has reiterated Turkey’s commitment to the EU accession process and reforms is extremely important. Although there are differences of opinion between Turkey and the EU in various fields, there are also many commonalities particularly in the fields of security and foreign policy. The areas in which steps could be taken for relations to advance are clear. Accession negotiations come first among these areas, in this context Foreign Minister Çavuşoğlu has brought up the issue of opening chapters. Additionally, the modernisation of the Customs Union and visa liberalisation stand out as other major areas that would be valuable to make progress. Although taking concrete steps for the future was not possible at this Association Council meeting, Turkey and EU coming together and sustaining their dialogue, identifying potential areas for cooperation and expressing their disagreements is healthy for the future of the relations. The continuation of the process on a regular basis will not only contribute to Turkey and EU’s understanding of each other better, but also help them resolve their outstanding issues.”

    MARCH 2019: IKV CHAIRMAN ASSESSED THE LATEST DEVELOPMENTS CONCERNING BREXIT AND EP’S ADOPTION OF THE 2018 REPORT ON TURKEY

    IKV Chairman, Ayhan Zeytinoğlu, assessed the Brexit vote in the House of Commons and the 2018 Turkey Report adopted by the European Parliament on 13 March 2019.

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that on 13 March Europe’s agenda was focused on the two Parliaments. He indicated that while the House of Commons' rejection of a no-deal Brexit was a positive outcome, the EP’s adoption of the report calling for suspension of Turkey’s EU accession negotiations was an unfortunate development. IKV Chairman continued as follows:

    “This week has been of vital importance for both the EU’s future and Turkey-EU relations. This week has been decisive for the Brexit process, as critical votes have been carried out in the UK Parliament for three consecutive days. Besides, the Turkey Report, the first draft of which was published in November 2018, has been approved with 370 votes against 109 at the EP plenary. Furthermore, the highest decision-making body established by the Ankara Agreement, the Turkey-EU Association Council, will convene on 15 March in Brussels after a four-year hiatus.

    In the Brexit process, the refusal of the agreement negotiated between Theresa May and the EU has strengthened the possibility of UK’s leaving without an agreement. However, the fact that British MPs refused a no-deal Brexit in all circumstances on Wednesday has increased the pressure on the government to find a solution. Although the agreement is not binding, it is crucial to have the support of different political parties and the older members of Parliament. Looking at the results of today's vote, it is possible to predict that the UK will not leave the EU on 29 March, and the process will be postponed. What is essential here is the government's plan to persuade the EU. A possible postponement will extend the process until 22 May. In the meantime, an agreement, an early election or a second referendum on the basis of a customs union or the European Economic Area model, proposed by the Labor Party might be put on the agenda.”

    "We Should Not Play Into the Hands of Anti-Turkey Circles"

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also assessed EP’s adoption of the report calling for a suspension of accession talks with Turkey:

    “I consider the report’s recommendation for the suspension of Turkey’s accession talks as an extremely unfortunate proposal. The accession negotiations are already frozen. Since 2016, new chapters cannot be opened, and as a result of the decision taken in 2006, no chapter can be closed even temporarily. In the face of such a situation, to propose a formal suspension of the negotiations is neither a constructive nor a logical solution. The answer is not to block completely an unfinished process, but on the contrary to look for every possible way to strengthen the dialogue between the parties.  Even though the report also makes positive recommendations on the modernisation of the customs union and visa liberalisation, unfortunately the call for a suspension of the talks remains as the predominant and wrong approach in the report.”

    Reminding that the report’s adoption does not imply a suspension of Turkey’s EU accession talks, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu made the following remarks:

    “The report is only advisory in nature to the Council and the Member States, which are the main decision-makers on the issue. In order to suspend negotiations with Turkey, the Member States would need to decide by a qualified majority, which is a highly unlikely scenario in the current context. However, Turkey should stick to its accession bid and strengthen political reforms, as the populists and the extreme right are expected to obtain more seats at the incoming EP. Furthermore, the European Commission which has had a relatively moderate stance regarding relations with Turkey will be renewed; we will have a new President of the European Commission and a new College of Commissioners. One of the strongest candidates for the European Commission presidency is European People's Party’s candidate Manfred Weber who has already promised a halt to Turkey’s EU accession process; meaning that things could get more difficult [after the EP elections]. Against this background, Turkey should avoid playing into the hands of anti-Turkey circles and continue its policies aimed at EU membership and steadily implement the reforms which are also beneficial for Turkey.”

    MARCH 2019: 8 MARCH INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S DAY MESSAGE

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement on the occasion of 8 March International Women’s Day and shared the following remarks: “We are determined to progress towards a world that violence and discrimination against women are prevented, fundamental needs and rights of women including education, health and social security are guaranteed, gender equality is ensured in general and in regard to labour force participation as well as the political and civil society participation. 

    Turkey’s EU bid is of utmost importance concerning gender equality and prevention of discrimination against women.  Multiple indicators point to a significant gap between Turkey and the EU especially regarding the issue of women’s employment. For example, while average employment rate of women is around 62.4% in the EU; in Turkey the figure is around 32.2%.

    It is possible to come up with a similar situation also in the political scene. Women representation in national parliaments has reached around 30.2% in the EU. While even the situation in the EU is not satisfactory yet, women’s lower representation draws attention in Turkish political scene: Only 104 out of 595 members of the Parliament are women.

    Lastly, it is critical to emphasize that there is a direct connection between employment rates and education level. While the employment rate of illiterate women (aged 15 and above) has been recorded as 15.4%; 59.3% of women with higher education degrees are employed.

    We would like to put a special emphasis on women’s access to education, and hope to achieve a future in which women in Turkey and the whole world reach the opportunities they deserve.”

    FEBRUARY 2019: EU-JAPAN ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT WILL ALSO AFFECT TURKEY

    EU-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA), which entered into force on 1 February 2019, is an important step taken by two of largest economic actors of the world, the EU and Japan, for rules-based free trade. The agreement’s importance is rising considering the fact that it entered into force in an atmosphere of rising protectionist tendencies and threatening free trade with additional tariffs and protectionist measures against the WTO rules.

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement regarding the subject. Chairman Zeytinoğlu emphasised that EU-Japan EPA whihc brings two significant commercial actors together is extremely  important for Turkey. IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu reminded that negotiations for an FTA between Turkey and Japan are continuing and stated that urgent completion of these negotiations should be a strategic after EU-Japan EPA entered into force. Chairman Zeytinoğlu continued his words as follows:

    ‘The agreement, which entered into force on 1 February 2019, has ensured the reciprocal opening of the markets of EU and Japan where 635 million people live and one third of the global output is produced. After the agreement enters into force completly, the trade between the EU and Japan is expected to increase by 36 million euros. This agreement concerns Turkey directly, too. Turkey and the EU has the Customs Union which covers industrial goods. In accordance with the requirement of the Customs Union, Turkey has to comply with the EU's trade agreements. Negotiating with the corresponding third countries in concurrence with the EU’s trade negotiations is important for the means of increasing trade opportunities and achieving the goals of foreign trade. Otherwise, while countries that have concluded FTAs with the EU can sell their products to Turkish without any tariffs, Turkey can not sell its goods to the corresponding third countries’ market tax-free as long as it concludes a separate agreement with these countries. Turkey’s negotiations with Japan have been still continuing. The last round of negotiations took place in Ankara in December. Accelerating this  process and conclusion of an agreement that enhances opportunities for exports and mutual business is extremely important. In the first six months of 2018, Turkey’s exports to Japan were 253 million dollars which is desperately insufficient. Besides, EU’s imports from Turkey might decrease due to applying zero tariffs on automotive products coming from Japan after the transition period of seven years.’’

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu also drew attention to the modernisation of Turkey-EU Customs and indicated that it would be beneficial for both Turkey and the EU to modernise the Customs Union even if the negotiations do not start due to political obstacles:

    “EU-Japan EPA is a new generation agreement. In other words, it covers comprehensive issues such as agriculture, services, e-commerce, public procurement and data security in addition to industrial goods. It is highly significant to examine the agreements that can be taken as a model and to understand the new horizons of trade while Turkey is preparing for the modernisation of the Custom Union with the EU. Even though the negotiations has not started yet due to political obstacles in this process, the modernisation of Turkey-EU Customs Union in a close future is an inevitable obligation for not only Turkey but also the EU. The modernisation and update of the Customs Union will cover highly technical and strategic areas such as services, public procurement, data security and agriculture just like the EU-Japan EPA. In order for Turkey to have maximum benefit from this process, Ministry of Trade and other relevant ministries have to work closely with the institutions representing the business world.”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu pointed out to the fact that EU companies has been taking advantage of zero tariffs and simplified customs procedures in their trade with Japan since 1 February and this is one of the most important steps taken by the EU trade policy so far. IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu stated that the EU-Japan EPA is a new generation trade agreement and added that in addition to covering safe data flow, it is also the EU's first trade agreement in which the EU has committed to comply with the objectives of the Paris Agreement.

    Brief Information on EU-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement:        

    The agreement, which entered into force on 1 February 2019, will open the markets of the EU and Japan where 635 million people live and one third of the global output is produced. Once the agreement is fully implemented, Japan will remove 97 percent of the tariffs imposed of imports from the EU. The agreement will also bring the elimination of non-tariff barriers such as international standards on vehicles. Therefore, trade between the EU and Japan is expected to increase by 36 billion euros. Approximately 1 billion euros paid by European companies while exporting to Japan annually will come to an end.

    The most striking features of the EU-Japan EPA can be listed as follows: Japanese duties on cheeses coming from the EU including Gouda and Cheddar (which are currently 29.8 percent) along with tariffs on wine exports (currently 15 percent on average) will be removed. EU’s beef exports to Japan will increase significantly thanks to the fact that on pork there will be free of tax trade in processed meat and almost free of tax trade for fresh meat. In Japan, the protection of more than 200 high-quality European agricultural products, so called Geographical Indications (GIs), and the protection of a variety of Japanese GIs in the EU will be ensured.

    EU-Japan EPA will also finalise tariffs and non-tariff barriers in financial services, e-commerce, telecommunications and transport. With regard to another important area, public procurement, European companies will hereupon be able to participate in procurement markets in 54 large cities of Japan and the barriers to have and access to public procurement in nationally important railway sector will come to an end. Within the scope of EU-Japan EPA which addresses sensitivities in specific sectors, especially elimination of tarffs in EU’s automotive sector will be accomplished in the wake of seven-year transition period.

    Another important feature of EU-Japan EPA is that it will put the world's largest area of safe data flows into practice. By recognising each other's data protection systems as equivalent, personal data will flow freely and safely between the EU Member States and Japan.

    JANUARY 2019: THE REJECTION OF THE BREXIT DEAL STRENGTHENS THE POSSIBILITY OF A SECOND REFERENDUM

    The rejection of the EU Withdrawal Agreement, which was put to a vote in the House of Commons on 15 January 2019 in the UK, has increased uncertainty in the Brexit process. IKV Chairman Ayhan assessed the outcome of the vote and pointed out that the agreement laying down the conditions of leaving the EU being defeated by 230 votes was a historical development that affects the conclusion of Brexit. The IKV Chairman stated:

    “The Withdrawal Agreement, Prime Minister Theresa May negotiated with the EU, was rejected by a large margin in the House of Commons last night. The Prime Minister has to present a new plan to the House of Commons within 3 days. But, before that, she will face a confidence vote raised by Labour Party. It seems that the UK government cannot get through an agreement that will satisfy the majority in a short time. At this point, the possibility of reaching an agreement by 29 March, the date on which the UK is se t to leave the EU, is very low.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu referred to the tweet by the President of the European Council Donald Tusk from last night and indicated that Tusk actually summarised the situation by asking “if a deal is impossible and no one wants no deal, then who will finally have the courage to say what the only positive solution is?”. Chairman Zeytinoğlu outlined the possible options for the conclusion of the Brexit process and stated that the most rational solution would be to renew the referendum. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu continued his words as follows:

    “We can list the options in front of the EU and UK as follows;

    -  The worst-case scenario is a no-deal Brexit, namely case in which the UK leaves the EU by 29 March without any agreement. If this option is materialised, re-introduction of customs controls and tariffs will hamper trade and cause great damages and losses. Also the situation of EU citizens living in the UK and UK the citizens in EU countries will be completely irregular. Beyond the economic cost, it will bring up demands for independence of Scotland again, and will render the peace in Ireland disputable by re-establishing the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.

    -  A second referendum on leaving the EU. The number of people defending this option is growing. Approximately two and a half years have passed since the 23 June 2016 referendum and this shows that the conditions have become dramatically different since then. Due to the change in the conditions and the impasse in the process, a referendum can be organised again. Considering that the majority of the people in the first referendum were ignorant of the consequences of leaving the EU and were misinformed frequently, it is wise to use the second referendum opportunity to undo a historical mistake. However, since a certain period of time will be required for the preparations for a new referendum and for the parliament to pass a new bill on this issue, the postponement of the 29 March deadline for leaving the EU will also be discussed.-Renegotiating the agreement with the EU. There are some setbacks in the realisation of this option. The EU does not look favourably to renegotiation and 29 March is fast approaching. Therefore, renegotiating the agreement seems to be a slim possibility. Even if it were to be negotiated again, it would be rather difficult to secure the renegotiated agreement make its way through House of Commons.”

    Impact on Turkey

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu emphasised that the way the Brexit process would be concluded would also be important for Turkey and continued:

    “How the Brexit process will end is also very important for our country. First of all, the possibility of a no-deal Brexit would be extremely detrimental to our sectors such as automotive and textile, as it will cause disruption to our export to the UK, our second largest trading partner in the EU, to which we have foreign trade surplus. The possibilities such as the request of the UK to renegotiate the agreement by pushing forward the 29 March 2019 deadline, or holding a second referendum will be followed closely. In any case, to prevent Turkey-EU relationship from being adversely affected, negotiations should proceed quickly with a view to be concluded soon, following the UK’s departure from the EU. Additionally, the possibility of Brexit resulting in a stalemate and weakening the EU, could trigger extremely negative developments for the future of the EU which is our most important trading partner and of which we aim to be a full member, and the security of Europe, which we are a part of.”

    JANUARY 2019: WE SHOULD EXTEND THE CONSCIOUS CONSUMPTION CULTURE FOR NOT ONLY PLASTIC BAGS BUT FOR ALL MATERIALS

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu issued a statement on the charging of plastic bags used in shopping. Zeytinoğlu stated that this implementation, which has recently occupied the agenda and was frequently the subject of criticism of citizens, was initiated in the harmonisation process with EU standards. First of all, Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that the importance of the plastic bag implementation for environmental protection and at the same time the importance of the plastic industry which contributed to the country's economy should also be considered. Chairman Zeytinoğlu continued his words as follows:

    “As of 1 January 2019, entry into force of the plastic bag charge is one of the important achievements of Turkey's EU process. Limiting the use of non-soluble plastic bags in nature is especially important for the protection of the environment. However, this issue needs to be dealt in a more comprehensive way for conscious and environmentally friendly consumption. If we want to protect the environment, we must consciously consume all kinds of materials such as paper and glass, not only plastics.”

    After stating that the plastic bag charge is a gain of the EU process, Chairman Zeytinoğlu he drew attention to some of differences between the regulations of EU and Turkey:

    “The implementation brought by the new law in Turkey diverges from some aspects of EU regulations. While charging is only mandatory for plastic bags with thickness ranging from 15-50 microns in the EU, plastic bags which are reusable and thicker than 50 microns are left out of the scope. This distinction is not differentiated in Turkish law. Bags produced with biodegradable or bioplastics do not fall within the scope of the relevant regulation in the EU. Turkey needs to make separate regulation for bioplastics. Making these bags free is also important for promoting environmentally sensitive production. Also it would be appropriate to transfer the income from the sale of plastic bags to a fund that will be established on the environment.”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu also mentioned the needs of the plastics industry and suggested that the situation of the sector, which made a significant contribution to the economy, should also be taken into consideration:

    "Plastic industry is an important sector in regards to Turkish economy. Around 11 thousand companies operate in this sector which employs 250 thousand people. In addition to being the 6th producer in the world, it is the second largest producer in Europe after Germany.  According to the estimation of TOBB Plastic, Rubber and Composite Industry Assembly; about 10 thousand people face the risk of being unemployed in the plastic bag producing sector which provides employment to 20 thousand people. I support the proposal which ensures that companies can benefit from the 6th Regional incentives to assist them in their transition process and direct their production to new areas. Prohibitions and penalties can only produce short-term solutions however. What should essentially be done is to invest in the development of conscious consumption and environmental awareness for both consumer and industry. A comprehensive strategy should be created for the transition of the sector to the recyclable and naturally soluble plastic varieties. The European strategy for plastics in the EU's circular economy can be taken as a model for the transformation of the sector.”

    Information on the Use of Plastic Bags in EU and Turkey

    According to the statistical data in Turkey; consumption of plastic bags is 450 bags per person, with a total of 25 billion bags, every year. In the EU, the average per person consumption had been 200 before the ban on plastic bags; however this number could exceed 500 in some countries. The aim was to reduce the consumption of plastic bags per person in Europe to 40 by the end of 2025. As of 2017, a total of 100 billion bags per year are consumed in the EU. With the entry into force of the directive restricting the use of plastic bags, significant progress has been made in reducing the use of plastic bags. In countries such as Denmark and Finland, where the awareness on this issue is high, annual use has fallen to 4 bags per person. With the practice of taxing single-use plastic bags, which began in Ireland in 2002, consumption has decreased by 95 percent from 328 to 18 bags per person. The aim of the Directive is to limit the annual consumption per person to 90 by the end of 2019 and to reduce it to 40 bags by the end of 2025.

  • DECEMBER 2018: IKV DISCUSSED TURKEY-EU RELATIONS IN BUCHAREST

    IKV organised a conference in capital of Romania, Bucharest, within the scope of its project entitled “EU Presidencies and Turkey” that has been continuing since 2009. Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey Ambassador Faruk Kaymakcı and Romania’s Minister-Delegate for European Affairs George Ciamba attended the conference entitled “Turkey and EU Relations: Challenges and Prospects”. The conference was held in cooperation with European Institute of Romania which is one of the prominent think tanks of the country and supported by Turkey Businessmen Association (TİAD) just before Romanian Presidency of the EU Council that is expected to start in January.

    At the conference, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey Ambassador Faruk Kaymakcı, Romania’s Minister-Delegate for European Affairs George Ciamba and IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytioğlu delivered speeches. Ambassador Kaymakcı emphasised that Turkey’s main purpose in its relations with the EU is full membership and other alternatives such as strategic partnership cannot be accepted. Kaymakcı expressed that having no progress in accession negotiations weakens the EU’s persuasiveness. Deputy Minister reminded that Europe’s borders are the one Turkey has with Syria, Iraq and Iran and therefore underlined Turkey’s role in abolishing the threats the EU encounters with.

    Romania’s Minister-Delegate Ciamba especially defended that contacts and cooperation among NGOs and think tanks should be developed to improve Turkey-EU relations. Ciamba mentioned that Turkey’s EU adventure has started with the Republic and Atatürk and emphasised Turkey’s irreplaceable contribution to make the EU a global actor. Moreover, Minister-Delegate laid emphasis upon their determination to work for improvement in Turkey-EU dialogue during Romanian EU Council Presidency.

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu attracted notice to the importance of the fact that Turkey’s Black Sea neighbour Romania is going to assume the Presidency of EU Council for the first time and underlined his belief that the relations with Turkey will improve during Romanian Presidency. Zeytinoğlu indicated that revitalisation in accession negotiations is going to bring Turkey’s contribution to the EU’s security and welfare to the maximum level. IKV Chairman laid stress on three areas that might provide for improvements in Turkey-EU relations in the short term. After having emphasised the significance of the modernisation of the Customs Union, provision of visa liberalisation and the continuation of refugee cooperation for revitalisation in relations, but Ayhan Zeytinoğlu expressed that these kinds of cooperation cannot constitute alternatives for membership objective.

    IKV Vice-Chairman Prof. Haluk Kabaalioğlu who assumed the moderatorship of the conference brought deep-rooted history of the relations forward and remarked that the blockage on Turkey’s accession negotiations due to Cyprus issue is unacceptable. Subsequent to mentioning the negative effect of visa obligation of Turkish citizens on the functioning of the Customs Union, Kabaalioğlu underlined that the rise of far right parties and leaders also hinders Turkey’s integration.

    NOVEMBER 2018: THE CONTINUATION OF POLITICAL DIALOGUE IS CRITICAL FOR TURKEY-EU RELATIONS

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu issued a statement on the Turkey-EU High Level Political Dialogue which took place today. Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that with the continuation of political dialogue, both the EU reform process in Turkey and foreign and security policy will be positively affected. Zeytinoğlu continued as follows:

    “It is significant that the Turkey-EU High Level Political Dialogue meeting took place in a positive and constructive atmosphere. Although there are differences in opinion, it is pleasing to see a will for cooperation and improving the relations. We support our Minister of Foreign Affairs and Chief Negotiator Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu’s emphasis regarding Turkey’s candidate status and determination on the opening of new chapters, the launching of the modernisation of the Customs Union and fulfilling the criteria for visa liberalisation. A motion provided in these fields and particularly accession process would be an important gain for the EU as well it would be for Turkey.”

    IKV Chairman also commented on High Representative for Foreign Affairs Federica Mogherini and Commissioner for European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations Johannes Hahn’s statements:

    “We find the open and constructive approach to cooperation which can be found in the statements of Mrs. Mogherini and Mr. Hahn, who represent the EU side valuable. While Mrs. Mogherini remarked Turkey as a candidate country and a strategic partner, Mr. Hahn uttered the close neighbour concept when describing Turkey.  The EU’s executive body, the guardian of treaties Commission should especially follow Turkey’s EU candidacy and negotiation process. Again, we consider positive these two officials’ emphasis on Turkey as a stable, democratic and prosperous country and the cooperation in the foreign policy and security problems in nearby geography.”

    “We Should Focus on the Positive Role Turkey can Play in the EU’s Future”

    Lastly, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu expressed his wish for the continuation of the high level dialogue process between the EU and Turkey and declared that he hopes these processes would have positive implications for processes such as accession negotiations, the modernisation of the Customs Union and visa liberalisation:

    “The high level dialogue mechanism with the EU in fields such as politics, economy and energy demonstrates that the relations are getting normalised. However we should go beyond this and work on concrete projects and programmes without further loss of time. First of all, the reform steps mentioned in the results of the Reform Action Group in August and the realisation of judicial reform will be an important step to take. Following this, the resumption of negotiations blocked by the EU, in particular the opening of chapters 23 and 24, the start of negotiations for the modernisation of the Customs Union and the completion of visa liberalisation remain the next targets. It goes without saying that the EU that Turkey is a part of would become more powerful in both immediate surroundings and globally. On the other hand, we should also closely monitor the process that the EU is going through. The strengthening of the far-right in many EU countries including Germany and the weakness of the central parties show that these groups will be effective in the EP elections next May. Following the Brexit process, the EU needs to reform its own institutional structure and make it more effective. All these processes and the increasing influence of countries such as China and Russia make the tests that the EU is facing more difficult. In the face of this situation, what we should do is to explain that Turkey would not be a problem for the EU but rather that it will be a gain and we should assert the positive role Turkey can play in the EU’s future.”

    NOVEMBER 2018: WE ARE CONCERNED AND DISAPPOINTED BY THE PROPOSAL ASSERTING SUSPENSION OF THE NEGOTIATIONS

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu evaluated this year’s draft EP Turkey Report, following MEP Kati Piri’s revelations regarding the report.

    “The report which was announced by the Rapporteur Kati Piri via her Twitter account could only be considered a draft as yet. When we take a look at the report as an initial draft, it is obvious to see that the rapporteur tries to reach a compromise reflecting the preferences of different political groups in the EP.

    Within the report, there is a call for the Commission and the Member States to officially suspend accession negotiations with Turkey. Yet, a dialogue with Turkey on democracy  is recommended and the use of the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA) during this process is advocated. However as these funds are normally channeled to prepare a country for the membership goal, there is no way Turkey can benefit from these funds after the suspension of accession negotiations. Therefore, we see this proposal as a contradictory one.

    The report includes the criticism that the accession negotiations have not been sustained as an effective tool because of the vetoes in the EU Council. The report also leaves the door open for the modernisation of Customs Union. We welcome this specific recommendation.

    The importance of visa liberalisation for all Turkish citizens is emphasised in the report and bringing the process to a positive conclusion after the fulfilment of all remaining criteria is also underlined.

    Considering the fact that EP stands as one of the institutions giving the last call on that issue, we see the positive attitude coming from the EP side as a significant development for the visa process.

    Even though the suspension proposal is presented as a result of Turkey’s divergence from the EU norms, consequently it would be for the benefit of the rising far right trends in the EU.

    Taking the state of play of the EU politics into account, it is obvious that once suspension decision is taken, it would be really difficult to come a point where the negotiations would be recommenced with the consensus of all Member States. Hence suspending negotiations would mean the disappearance of Turkey’s EU objective completely. Considering the suggestions such as privileged partnership are nonsense, dropping the membership objective off the agenda is likely to destroy Turkey-EU relations and endanger the region’s security.

    What is more, it is clear that this kind of sanctions will not encourage Turkey for reforms; instead they will alienate Turkey from the EU. We are concerned and disappointed by the draft report’s non-constructive recommendation putting the suspension of the negotiations forth.

    NOVEMBER 2018: “ENDING ACCESSION TALKS WITH TURKEY WOULD ALSO BE UNFAVORABLE FOR THE EU”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement following the recent declaration of Commissioner for European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations Johannes Hahn foreseeing the ending of accession negotiations with Turkey.

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu considered such statement coming from the European Commission as an institution which normally supports Turkey’s membership process as an extremely unfortunate development and continued his words as follows:

    “I found the statements of Commissioner for European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations Johannes Hahn given to Die Welt newspaper really unfortunate. It was stated that the accession process with Turkey should be ended and a new process should be developed instead of it. Up until now we have heard of the suspension claims from some Member States such as Austria. However European Commission that is the EU’s executive body displayed an attitude in favour of continuing the negotiations.  When European Commission’s latest Turkey Report was published in April, a message that the door is open for Turkey depending on fulfilling the criteria was given. The Commission has an exclusive status in the EU. We have been saying that it is the protector of the EU law and ‘Guardian of the Treaties’. Therefore, a statement which does not take institutional and legal aspects of the relations with Turkey from such an institution is highly concerning”.

    “Turkey already is a Partner Country of the EU. There is No Alternative for Full Membership”

    While stressing that any alternatives falling short of full membership is unthinkable for Turkey, Chairman Zeytinoğlu continued his words:

    “Commissioner Hahn proposes that the accession talks should be cut off and a different kind of relationship should be put forward, which brings to the minds, models such as “privileged partnership” and ”strategic partnership”. We have been hearing about these proposals from time to time since 2004. However, nothing significant has been suggested regarding the relationship model called privileged partnership. Turkey is already a partner of the EU fundamentally by means of Ankara Agreement. After all this time, full membership is the only aim for Turkey. There is no alternative for that purpose. Ranging from the fight against terrorism to foreign policy, trade to energy, the ideal partnership on many issues the EU needs Turkey for, can only be realised by Turkey's EU full membership perspective. If the membership perspective is taken away, Turkey’s view and approach towards the EU would change.”

    “Hahn’s Statement Reminds that We have to Advance in the EU Process without Further Loss of Time”

    While remarking Commissioner Hahn’s statement as a fact of concern for Turkey, Chairman Zeytinoğlu concluded his words as follows:

    “Statement regarding the termination of Turkey’s accession bid made by an authority responsible for conducting enlargement talks is worrying. It demonstrates that we, as Turkey, should take steps to revitalise the process without further loss of time. Our accession negotiations with the EU have not been advancing for 2 years. We cannot tolerate losing 2 more years anymore either. We should aim to put the EU process back on track by taking steps including legal reforms as well as diplomatic attempts.”

    SEPTEMBER 2018: RAPPROCHEMENT WITH GERMANY WOULD CREATE POSITIVE IMPACT ON OUR EU PROCESS

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu evaluated the formal state visit Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has made to Germany on 27-29 September and expressed that the recently built positive atmosphere between Turkey and Germany would reflect on the relationship between Turkey and the EU. Zeytinoğlu continued as follows:

    “We welcome the conciliatory breeze blowing in the relations instead of the tensions experienced for the recent years between Turkey and Germany. By coming together with his counterpart Frank-Walter Steinmeier and Prime Minister Angela Merkel, President Erdoğan will discuss issues related to the economic and global agenda, which are crucial for both countries. The development of deep-rooted relations between Turkey and Germany is certainly extremely important for both sides. From an economic perspective, bilateral trade between Turkey and Germany reached 36.4 billion dollars in 2017. In the last 15 years, total amount of direct investments from Germany to Turkey is 9.15 billion dollars. When we take the first seven months of this year in consideration, we can see that our foreign trade volume has exceeded 22 billion dollars and that Germany maintains its position as Turkey’s most important trading partner with its share of 9.4 percent in our total foreign trade. Along with the economic dimension of Turkey-Germany relations, the importance of political and cultural ties and population of people of Turkish origin living in Germany are undeniable.”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu drew attention to visit which took place on the right timing with busy agenda and is crucial in terms of the improvement of Turkey-Germany relations. He continued his evaluation as follows:

    “Today, we face a global agenda which draws Turkey and Germany together more than before. Syria issue, the US sanctions on Iran, migration, fight against terrorism and the escalating trade wars oblige Turkey and Germany to act together. A passage from President Erdoğan’s article published in Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung on the eve of his arrival in Germany that says “The dramatic developments in the world make it indispensable for both Germany and Turkey to open a new page in bilateral relations, to leave aside their differences and to focus on their common interests” summarises this situation clearly. In terms of Turkey-EU relations, I think re-establishing bilateral relations with the Netherlands and Germany in the last period will reflect on the EU process of our country positively. Next step should be to launch of negotiations for the modernisation of the Customs Union which creates a win-win scenario for both Turkey and Germany. As you know, with the modernisation of the Customs Union, we aim to overcome our current problems and to strengthen our economic and commercial ties with an expanding and deepening integration into new areas such as agriculture, services, public procurement and investments. In addition, concrete success will be achieved if necessary steps are taken in the visa liberalisation process. As a matter of fact, the decisions taken at the last Reform Action Group meeting are concrete indications that our country continues to focus on this issue. We must remember the important steps taken in 2004-2005 and the EU reforms have been effective in improving the investment environment. The creation of this positive investment environment is in our hands. The other one is for Turkey to continue full membership objective to the EU as main priority as also expressed by our president and foreign minister. In that case Turkey should actualise the decisions taken during Reform Action Group meeting and take its first step to demonstrate its determination.”

    By recalling the Turkey-EU deal as an output of Turkey and Germany’s common mind and collective effort, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu emphasised once again the importance of acting in unison in terms of the future of our region and the EU.

    AUGUST 2018: MEETING OF THE REFORM ACTION GROUP IS PROMISING IN TERMS OF THE EU PROCESS

    The Reform Action Group (RAG), which carries significance in terms of Turkey’s harmonisation process for the EU, has gathered today with the participation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, Justice, Treasury and Finance and Interior following a three-year break. IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made statements on this meeting which is seen as an important step for the revitalisation of Turkey’s EU process.

    Zeytinoglu stated that a certain rapprochement with the EU has been felt in the recent period and remarked that RAG's gathering is also promising in terms of the acceleration and continuation of this convergence:

    “The meeting of the Reform Action Group, which brings related ministries together as a platform that oversees Turkey’s harmonisation to the EU particularly on the political criterion, after a three-year break is a very joyous development. I welcome it as a concrete indication that the EU has entered into the government’s agenda once again. Recently especially in the face of US sanctions on Turkey, the support of the EU countries, particularly Germany and France, has led to a rapprochement with the EU. In particular, the crackle of the Transatlantic Alliance under the influence of Trump’s approach has impelled the EU to seek common alliance with the countries around its borders. We see the effects of this process in French President Macron’s speech in which he proposes partnership with Turkey and Russia.  However, as Turkey, we have to be on alert when the proposal of strategic partnership instead of full membership comes up. We have to demonstrate that for Turkey, the aim of full membership continues not in word but in action. In this respect, the gathering of RAG is an important demonstration.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also addressed the expectations regarding the RAG's meeting:

    “RAG’s agenda includes the fundamental rights and judicial issues within the scope of 23rd and 24th chapters and political criteria, which are particularly significant during the EU accession process. The best step to take in order to overturn the determination that has been mentioned in the EU documents recently as “Turkey is getting further from the EU”, would be to carry out this agenda. The revitalisation of the EU process would lead to the development and relaxation of the political areas; it would enable the start of the process of the modernisation of Customs Union and would be instrumental in the development of a favourable business climate in terms of foreign investment and business in an economic sense."

    Lastly, Chairman Zeytinoğlu touched upon some events that will be important in terms of reviving the EU process in the forthcoming days:

    “Our foreign minister will attend the Informal Meeting of EU Ministers of Foreign Affairs in Austria. Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs of Germany will visit Turkey. Our president will visit Germany at the end of September. It is also said that the Federal Minister of Economy of Germany will be visiting Turkey, with a delegation of business people.  Therefore, there is going to be intensive contacts with Germany, which has a great significance when it comes to opening up doors for the EU. Germany is especially closely associated with investment and business environment in Turkey. Germany has been at the head of the countries that prevented the modernisation of the Customs Union. Therefore, a rapprochement with Germany could accelerate the modernisation of the Customs Union as well. Moreover, with the Syria Summit which is projected to be held in September, and subsequently the Geneva talks regarding the Syrian constitution, the future of Syria is coming to the fore.  We also expect opportunities for collaboration and joint work to arise between Turkey and the EU. If we can harmonise common values on the basis of common interests, this could help Turkey to solve these issues, enhance its standard of living and to get out of middle-income trap."

    AUGUST 2018: EP SUPPORTS TURKEY IN THE FACE OF THE US SANCTIONS

    Support messages arrived from the EP-Turkey Forum against the US sanctions. During a period when the relations between Turkey and the EU are tense, the fact that such message arrived from the EP which is usually known for its harsh criticisms towards Turkey, brings about a hope for a new rapprochement between Turkey and the EU.

    German EP member who is of Turkish descent İsmail Ertuğ, and the wife of the former Sweden Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Carl Bildt, Anna Maria Corazza Bildt are the co-chairs of the EP-Turkey Forum. Turkey rapporteur Kati Piri is also among the members of the forum.

    It is stated in the statement that the US’ doubling of tariffs on steel and aluminium is illegitimate and against the WTO rules. It is emphasised that the sharp depreciation of the Turkish Lira is primarily affecting consumers and lowering their standards of living and it is reminded that the economic destabilisation of Turkey is in no one’s interest. It is stated that “As one of the EU’s largest trade partners, an economically prosperous, stable and democratic Turkey is on our concerns and interests, too.” As NATO allies, the US and Turkey to solve their problems through constructive diplomatic engagement is encouraged.

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu described this statement as pleasing. Chairman Zeytinoğlu remarked as follows:

    “EP-Turkey Forum, which is co-chaired by İsmail Ertuğ and Anna Maria Bildt, issued a significant statement today. The statement criticises the sanctions imposed on Turkey by the US and reminds that destabilisation is in no one’s interest. The fact that a group in the EP has clearly taken a stand in favour of Turkey in the crisis with the US is of utmost importance. We see a hegemony struggle against China in the world where the US adopts a confrontational approach and uses customs duties as a weapon. As we are in a period of uncertainty where the global balances are shifting, a rapprochement between the EU and Turkey is getting necessary. Our friends in the EP have seen that and expressed their supports for Turkey clearly. We are inviting the other EU authorities to take action towards the rejuvenation of relations with Turkey.”

    AUGUST 2018: THE EU SUPPORTS IN THE FACE OF THE US SANCTIONS HOLD SIGNIFICANCE

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu evaluated the support messages of Italy and Germany following US President Trump’s decision regarding the doubling of tariffs on steel and aluminium. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu continued his words as follows:

    “Following US President Trump’s decision for customs duties to be applied on steel and aluminium on Friday, two EU countries made statements which can be interpreted as support for Turkey. While criticising the decision that could endanger Turkey’s economy even more, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs Enzo Moavero noted that Turkey’s drift into a crisis would have negative consequences for the balance of the Mediterranean. On the other hand, Federal Minister of Germany for Economic Affairs and Energy Peter Altmaier emphasised that Trump’s trade sanction measures would put consumers at disadvantage first and foremost by undermining economic growth. The calls that come from the EU which invite the US to behave more rationally, attracts attention to the negatives consequences of trade wars. Turkey and the EU also stand on the same side when it comes to sanctions which will be imposed on Iran. Turkey acting together with the EU on the continuation of liberal economic order is of utmost importance. These support messages from the EU in the face of recent sanctions by the US are also hopeful in terms of the start of a new normalisation process with the EU.”

    AUGUST 2018: THE SANCTIONS IMPOSED ON IRAN WILL STRAIN THE TURKISH BUSINESS WORLD

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu has issued a statement after US President Donald Trump signed a decision to re-enforce sanctions on Iran. Zeytinoğlu stated that the sanctions that have begun to be reapplied to Iran are critical for Turkey. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu drew attention to the importance of economic and commercial relations with Iran for Turkish business world and emphasised that Iran is the main transit country in Turkey’s trade with Central Asia and even in its transportation to the Gulf countries. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated: “It is a pity for us to be talking about the US sanctions on Iran in a very short time after the removal of the sanctions. Iran is an important neighbour in terms of both economic and commercial relations and energy imports. It is Turkey's one of the most important regional trade partners and one of the major energy suppliers.”

    By pointing out to Turkey’s sensitivities, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also stated: “We’re anxious regarding the damage which the sanctions on Iran will cause on Turkish economy. Even in the past, it was Turkey which was damaged the most by the similar sanctions on Iraq and Iran. We don’t want to encounter with a similar situation. Our relevant institutions should carry out the necessary works in order to prevent our country from being damaged by the possible sanctions.”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu: "The EU and Turkey are in the same position on Iran sanctions"

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu also commented on the joint statement made by the EU, France, the UK and Germany on 6 August 2018 regarding the US sanctions on Iran, that they are committed to protecting European companies which do business with Iran.

    According to Zeytinoğlu, Trump’s decisions to move the US embassy to Jerusalem and to withdraw from Iran nuclear deal have made the separation between the US and Europe much more visible. IKV Chairman indicated that it is positive that a consensus has been reached during US President Trump's meeting with European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker regarding the trade of non-automobile industrial products; however he underlined that this does not mean that all problems are over.

    Zeytinoğlu also pointed out that trade agreements between the EU countries such as France, Germany, Italy and Spain along with private companies with Iran are worth nearly 600 billion dollars. Zeytinoğlu stated: “The relations international powers and global companies built with Iran following the nuclear deal are not temporary but are based on multi-faceted interests. In this regard, it is difficult for Trump's Iran policy to receive the expected support from the international community, especially from the EU. Global capital would not profit in this orientation, unlike the assumptions.”

    JULY 2018: AYHAN ZEYTİNOĞLU WAS RE-ELECTED AS IKV CHAIRMAN

    Ayhan Zeytinoğlu was re-elected as the Chairman of IKV’s Board of Directors at the occasion of the 56th IKV General Assembly which was held on 30 July 2018. During the meeting, where founder and trustee organisations as well as the representatives from supporting organisations and delegates were present, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu delivered a speech regarding IKV’s activities between July 2017 and July 2018, also he thanked all delegates following his re-election.

    At the opening of the General Assembly, TOBB Vice President Tamer KIRAN, ISO President Erdal Bahçıvan and ITO Vice President İsrafil Kuralay delivered speeches. Representatives of the trustee organisations indicated that the EU membership perspective comes more and more to the forefront and that IKV as "Turkey's EU expert" plays a critical role in this process.  Representatives of the trustee organisations recalled the important role of the EU in Turkey's foreign trade and foreign investment and emphasised the expectations of the business world towards revival of the EU accession process.

    During his opening speech, while remarking that it is pleasing to see that Turkey-EU relations which have deteriorated recently are on the course of normalisation, Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that especially the visa liberalisation and the modernisation of the Customs Union could lead to a revitalisation.

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu continued as follows: ”Consequently, the essential objective of the improvement in the relations is the realisation of full membership, which is our ultimate goal. Despite the existence of a considerable amount of opposition in the EU nowadays, we must remember the perceptions and decisions could change rapidly. In a world, in which we experience extremely rapid and dramatic changes in international conditions, Turkey’s EU membership may be possible in the middle term, provided that the necessary conditions are met and political will exists. At this point, as representatives of civil society and business world, we should closely monitor the EU and the world, examine the impacts of the developments in our country, and contribute to reaching EU norms and standards."

    Finally, Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated the following: “First of all, on behalf of all our dear founder and trustee organisations’ and particularly TOBB’s valuable supports, as “Turkey’s EU expert”, we envisage to continue working hard with respect to our country’s relations with the EU and focusing on international developments from the perspective of the development, democratisation and integration of our country in the global system. We will strive to meet our challenges and provide benefits which are well beyond what is expected of us.”

    IKV’s new Board of Directors is composed of Ayhan Zeytinoğlu, Prof. Dr. Haluk Kabaalioğlu, Zeynep Bodur Okyay, Atilla Menevşe, Yavuz Canevi, Zeynel Abidin Erdem, Sedat Zincirkıran, Ali Sami Aydın, Nevzat Seyok, Levent Taş, Mehmet Kaya, Ömer Gülsoy, Süleyman Uyar, Yavuz Altun, Işınsu Kestelli, Simone Kaslowski ve İsmail Gülle and the Audit Committee is composed of Hasan Hüseyin Coşkun and Mustafa İçöz.

    JULY 2018: "WHILE THE US AND THE EU CALL FOR TRUCE, CHINA AND THE EU UNITE FOR LIBERAL ORDER"

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu commented on the developments following the Trump-Juncker meeting and stated that the reconciliation reached was pleasing, however he emphasised that serious differences of opinion such as Iran sanctions still continue. IKV Chairman recalled that the trade wars triggered by Trump had put pressure on the EU and China and urged them to take counter measures. He continued as follows:  

    “We can describe the meeting between US President Trump and European Commission President Juncker a truce. A compromise has been reached to reset tariffs, non-tariff barriers and subsidies for industrial products other than automotive and to reduce bureaucratic obstacles and initiate dialogue on the standards. Although this may provide temporary relief, there is still the possibility that tariffs for the automotive sector will be increased.  The EU announced that it will import more soy beans and LNG from the US as well. It seems that the pressure Trump has been applying has resulted. However, there are still issues which could not be solved, particularly the sanctions on Iran. The EU had adopted a blockade law against the US’ decision to impose sanctions on Iran lastly.  The first phase is expected to enter into force on 7 August. According to this, while companies affected by sanctions on Iran are given the opportunity to receive compensation, they are instructed not to obey these sanctions and not to recognise any court decision that will arise from complying with the sanctions. This situation might pit the EU against the US once again. It is a process which may affect Turkey as well. The EU's approach and interests overlap with Turkey’s at this point.”

    “The US helped the EU and China to Get Closer”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also drew attention to the rapprochement between the EU and China and stated that these two actors have reached agreement on certain subjects against the US’ moves.  Chairman Zeytinoğlu noted as follows:

    “The liberal order promotive approach of China and the EU, which have convened on 16 July, is rather intriguing. Two actors expressed their commitments to the international order based on rules centred on the UN. In other words, they promised a cooperation that would replace the US global leadership. To do this despite the US, the EU and China must maintain this cooperation and persuade the US. At this point, it is also important to have an agreement on the reform of the WTO at the Trump-Juncker meeting. We regard it as a positive step in terms of the restoration of the global architecture and the re-functionalisation of international organisations. We hope that it will continue.”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu also stated that ensuring the continuation of the international liberal order without the US is difficult and continued as follows:

    When we look at the steps taken by the US as a whole, we see that it wages a war on almost all elements that maintain the global system. Its withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, disregard of the Iran nuclear deal, withdrawal from UN Human Rights Council,  prevention to new appointments to the Appellate Body of the WTO, withdrawal from trade agreements… Trump thinks the multilateral order is no longer for the benefit of the US and not only he withdraws his support for them, but also he is undermining their fundamentals directly. It is normal for the forces that are still in favour of this system to unite in the face of this situation. However, without the US it does not seem possible to maintain this system. All actors need to cooperate in order to draw the US within the system again.”

    “The US’ Protection Measures for Steel will Have Impacts on Turkey”

    Lastly, Chairman Zeytinoğlu touched upon the temporary protection measures on the EU’s importation of steel products and continued as follows:

    “Following the US’ increase in steel tariffs, the EU is resorting to temporary protection measures in order to prevent the steel products which may be heading for the EU market. Within this scope, it will be possible for the EU to implement a 25 percent tariff in order to protect its own steel industry, in case countries including Turkey exceed the determined threshold import. This situation certainly obstructs Turkey’s steel exports from increasing. Steel products exportation is not within the Customs Union scope and is regulated with a different FTA. According to this agreement, customs duties are removed reciprocally; however competition distorting practices and subsidies are banned. Safeguard measures can be applied when there is a possibility of serious damage to steel producers. In this respect, it would be beneficial to include steel products among the studies related to the modernisation of the Customs Union.”

    JULY 2018: "CUSTOMS UNION IS IMPORTANT IN THE NORMALISATION PROCESS WITH THE EU"

    After having reminded that the actions for the modernisation of Turkey-EU Customs Union could not start due to political reasons, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu emphasised that this issue is a matter of urgency. Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated his expectations for the beginning of the normalisation process with the EU following the end of the state of emergency and continued as follows:

    “We have not made any progress in relation to the EU for the past two years. A new opportunity has emerged with the end of the state of emergency, the issue the EU continuously laid emphasis upon. The transition to the new system and the establishment of the government in Turkey are important in terms of stability. The improvement in diplomatic relations with the Netherlands and Germany's lifting economic sanctions, while alleviating the travel warnings indicate that a new era is beginning with the EU. Developments all over the world, the rising competition between the US and China, Russia's power politics, Turkey’s involvement in Syria and especially Trump’s confrontational attitude towards Europe reminded Turkey's importance to the Europeans. Hereupon, we expect the acceleration of the reform process in the political and economic environment and strengthening of the legal system, particularly jurisdiction, taking into account the EU process. This way, it will be possible to revitalise the accession process and the normalisation in the relations with the EU that is our main export market.”

    “EU Speeds up FTA’s despite Trump’s Protective Moves”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu also touched upon the EU’s trade policy in the light of recent developments in the world trade and emphasised that the EU aims to increase its share in world trade, especially through FTA’s. Chairman Zeytinoğlu continued his words as follows:

    “Recently, we are witnessing the trade wars triggered by US President Trump. Trump is taking measures to protect the domestic industry with customs tariffs against countries such as China and Germany and blocks such as the EU, where the US runs trade deficit. However, unlike Trump the EU does not give up its FTA policy. Finally, an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) was signed with Japan on 17 July. Negotiations are starting with New Zealand and Australia. Previously, a "deep and comprehensive" FTA was signed with Canada. The EU climbs over the protection walls with these agreements. It is important for countries such as Turkey which have Customs Union with the EU to accommodate these FTAs.

    “The Article in the EPA with Japan must be applied to Turkey"

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that there is a special arrangement in Japan EPA’s appendix for San Marino and Andorra, the countries which also have Customs Union with the EU and he noted:

    “EU signed a comprehensive EPA with Japan on 17 July. This agreement will also be accompanied by a Strategic Partnership Agreement. In the appendix of the agreement, there is an extremely important expression which affects San Marino and Andorra. The products of San Marino and Andorra are expected to be recognised as the EU products by Japan while the products originated from Japan are expected to foresee the implementation of the same EU tariffs by Andorra and San Marino. This way, there is no need for Andorra and San Marino to negotiate for an FTA with Japan. These two mini states are in Customs Union with the EU just like Turkey. Nevertheless, while the EU adds special provision to this agreement for these two states, it does not do the same for Turkey. For Turkey, which is in the Customs Union with EU, similar provision must be added to this and similar agreements. We must convey this fact strongly to the European authorities. Turkey is a big country which cannot be compared to these countries. We are hoping that facilitating measures will be taken for a country which is the 5th trading partner of the EU.”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu also expressed that safeguard measures should not be the subject of a well-functioning and equitable Customs Union and stated that both the EU and Turkey should leave the mutual application of these practices which is essential for the healthy functioning and trust environment for the Customs Union.

    JULY 2018: IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU: “THE FIRST AIM IN THE POST-STATE OF EMERGENCY TERM SHOULD BE THE EU PROCESS”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement following the announcement that the state of emergency would not be extended. Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that the expiration of the state of emergency could bring about new acceleration in EU relations into the agenda. He continued his words as follows:

    “It has been announced that the state of emergency, which has been ongoing during the last two years, will be expired. Security precautions may be taken within the period of three years in order to prevent any vulnerability in the State’s struggle against terrorism in the post-state of emergency period. However, with the expiration of the state of emergency, Turkey can achieve progress in various areas on which it was criticised by the EU. It is now possible to accelerate the reform process in the political and economic context. The fact that the Council of Europe, which we are a member of, has come up with a positive statement for the expiration of state of emergency, shows that there are encouraging signals to regain the ground we have lost with Europe.”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu also touched upon Turkey's close trade and investment relations with Europe and noted that the great importance of the EU anchor in the economic field and continued as follows:

    “In particular, the arrival of foreign direct investment from the EU countries, preference for new production operations in Turkey influences stability, democratic freedom and significantly affects the country by the establishment of the rule of law. EU anchor has a vital importance in terms of Turkey’s progress in all areas. We hope that during the post-state of emergency period, a suitable environment for the revitalisation of the EU process will emerge.”

     

    JULY 2018: IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTINOĞLU COMMENTED ON THE LAST DEVELOPMENTS ON VISA ISSUE

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu: “The New System That Allows Registration into EU Prior to Visa Free Travel will be Operational in 2021”.

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu interpreted some of the decisions that took place at the last session of the EP with regards to Turkey and the visa liberalisation process. Stating that the developments in this field should be followed up, Zeytinoğlu reminded that Turkey’s aim continues to be obtaining the right to visa-free travel while entering into the Schengen Area. Zeytinoğlu continued as follows:

    “First of all, the subject which will be put into vote today by the EP concerns the Turkish citizens as well. A new system that is scheduled to come into force in 2021 is on the way. The new system called “European Travel Information and Authorisation System” (ETIAS) will require all passengers that will be traveling to the EU visa-free to get registered via internet. Accordingly, green and grey passport holders who can enter Schengen countries visa-free also have to notify beforehand within this system. While registering to this system, along with giving information on birth date and gender, questions such as whether one has criminal record or has been previously present in a war zone are also required to answer. In exchange of a 7 euro fee, it is planned that the registrations made for the system will be valid for 3 years and people under 18 years and over 70 years will be exempted. This system will not only be valid for Turkish citizens but also for all citizens who can enter the EU the visa-free right now. In case there are suspicions on security over the enrolee, the application may be rejected.  However, there is a right to appeal to this judgment. Following the approval of the EP and the EU Council, the legal process will proceed.

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu: “Prospect of agreement with EUROPOL, which is one of the criteria for visa liberalisation, was opened. However, Greek Administration of Southern Cyprus condition is creating obstacle.”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu continued his words as follows:

    “One of the criteria to be fulfilled for Turkey’s visa liberalisation was to sign an operational agreement with EUROPOL. The EP gave its approval for the negotiation of this agreement. The agreement will be made between Turkey and the EU and it will allow the exchange of personal data to combat large scale crime and terrorism.

    One of the most important issues here is the EP’s insistence on data exchange with Southern Cyprus. Another important criterion on visa liberalisation was cooperation in criminal matters between Turkey and the EU Member States. Southern Cyprus as an EU Member State representing the whole island is a problem from the point of Turkey. In its report, the EP lays emphasis on observing fundamental rights and giving extra attention to data security conditions while exchanging data with Turkey and demands a detailed impact analysis on this regard from the Commission.

    While acknowledging the importance of these issues, requesting data sharing from Turkey for the EU’s security while subjecting Turkey to strict rules of data sharing for its own security creates double standards in practice.”

    JUNE 2018: THE NEW GOVERNMENT’S FIRST ACTION SHOULD BE TO TAKE A STEP FOR THE EU

    There is a frantic traffic in the EU before the EU Summit which will be convened today. The ministers of foreign affairs, which convened on 26 June, adopted critical decisions for the EU’s enlargement. While it was decided that negotiation talks could be started with Macedonia and Albania in June 2019 depending on the completion of necessary reforms, it was confirmed that Turkey is a candidate country and a key partner. Nowadays when the EU is determining on its structure for the 2020’s, Turkey needs to take steps urgently in order to not fall off the EU’s agenda.

    At this crucial period, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu issued a statement on the revitalisation of the EU process. Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated as follows:

    “Nowadays, the EU is at a crossroad. On the one hand, there is a conflict between the Member States over migration and asylum. On the other hand, the reform efforts towards how the EU will take shape following Brexit are accelerating. Beside this, the EU also strengthened its perspective towards the Western Balkan countries.  Especially for Serbia and Montenegro, 2025 is pronounced as the date for accession. For Albania and Macedonia, membership negotiations will be starting in June 2019.  This means the EU is moving forward. Therefore, Turkey should also take the steps to revitalise the process without further loss of time in order to maintain its EU membership perspective.”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu touched upon the outcomes of the General Affairs Council Meeting which was held on 26 June:

    “During the General Affairs Council Meeting, which was convened with enlargement agenda, Turkey was also discussed at length. The continuation of the relations with Turkey and strengthening cooperation on issues such as migration, security and fight with terrorism were emphasised. However, at the same time, it is stated that the negotiation process is at a deadlock and the opening of new chapters or starting the modernisation of the Customs Union are not considered. The EU has maintained its stance on this issue since the end of 2016. We, as IKV, express that the EU’s inability to provide a credible perspective for Turkey has brought the relations to this point, at all the meetings we hold in the EU Member States and Brussels. Turkey should also take steps in order to break the deadlocks in the relations with the EU. We are aware of the security issues our country is facing. We hope that the new government under the leadership of our President, who has received strong power from the public, will take the necessary steps to revitalise the EU process as soon as possible. We wish for the state of emergency to end and for the economic and political reforms to be brought back into the agenda quickly”.

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu touched upon the EU’s stance and while stating that it is unacceptable that the opening of the new chapters or starting the modernisation of the Customs Union are not being considered, finished his words as follows:

    “The modernisation of the Customs Union, which Turkey has been conducting since 1996, is an issue that needs to be addressed urgently. Regarding this, the EU has been exercising political conditioning and the Commission has not been given the authorisation by the Council to initiate the process. Considering that even if the negotiations on this issue were to open it would last a year or two, it should be started without further loss of time. It is a must for the Customs Union relationship to continue healthfully and to be extended to new fields such as agricultural products and services. This process will not only benefit Turkey, but also the companies in the EU. In addition, the modernisation of Customs Union will create momentum for the progress of the relations through a positive agenda. We are expecting for the EU to start this process, instead of using it as a sanctioning tool against Turkey.”

    JUNE 2018: PRESS RELEASE ON ELECTION RESULTS BY IKV

    We hope that the results of the election, which has a very high turnout, at almost 90 percent, will be good for our entire nation. This election, which is the first election after Turkey's transition into the presidential system, has demonstrated the democratic maturity of our country. The representation of the different colours of the political environment in the Assembly will be positive in terms of democratic pluralism.

    We look forward to taking the necessary steps to revitalise the EU process, an important anchor for our country in the new period, ending the state of emergency, accelerating the structural reforms needed by economy, and ensuring progress in the political arena as a democratic state of law.

     We are going through a fragile international environment in which the world's balances change, trade wars affect global production and consumption trends, and conflict and instability continue in close proximity. In terms of overcoming the problems in the economy and the continuation of the development process, it is essential for the EU anchor to be valid and to return to reforms in order to ensure the flow of international capital. In addition to strong execution, we hope the consolidation of an effective legislature and an independent judiciary in Turkey in this new era.

    MAY 2018: ON EUROPEAN DAY, THERE IS A NEED TO REMIND THAT THE EU IS A PEACE PROJECT

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement on the occasion of 9 May European Day. Chairman Zeytinoğlu celebrated the European Day of whole Europe and highlighted the need for the European values to be more significant and valid today more than ever. Ayhan Zeytinoğlu remarked that IKV, the oldest NGO working on the EU in Turkey, celebrates the European Day whole week with concerts, conferences and forums as Istanbul EU Information Centre. While highlighting that the world is going through a torminous change and transformation, IKV Chairman underlined that the existence of the EU as a peace and democracy project is of great importance in this period.

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated as follows: “While our world globalises and the world’s each end becomes more linked with the other, tension and fault lines gradually become clearer. The US, under the presidency of Donald Trump, has taken steps to undermine the multilateral liberal world order, which left structures like the EU in a difficult situation. The withdrawal from Iran nuclear agreement was added to withdrawals from the Paris Agreement on climate change, Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership. It is crucial that the EU sustains its existence as a peace, democracy and cooperation project in the face of steps that change known parameters and lead turbulence in the balance of power. Hence, Vice-President of the Commission and High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Federica Mogherini’s supporting statement towards the nuclear deal against the US President Trump’s withdrawal statement demonstrates the EU’s support for the solution of international issues through diplomatic and peaceful means. In today’s world, this attitude must be unifying.”

    “The EU can make a difference with Turkey”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu continued his words with the evaluation that in spite of the difficult period in relations with the EU, Turkey still retains its importance:

    “In today’s world where fault lines get sharpened gradually and tension points increase, the EU should gain power together with Turkey and give an important message to the whole world. This message should be ‘The EU commits to its values and applies them to all candidate countries without discrimination’. Artificial barriers before Turkey’s EU membership should be removed and a strong political will on Turkey becoming a member in case all criteria fulfilled must be established. In this case, during Turkey’s normalisation process, the EU bid will play a driving role again. With Turkey as a member, the Union can prove that it is still in a determinant, difference maker and leading position in today’s globalising world.”

    “The EU is the antidote of populism”

    Lastly, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu touched upon the populist movements trending in the EU countries and stressed that the EU ideal and values will be the antidote to these movements:

    “The populist movements trending in several EU countries is fed by notions such xenophobia, racism and authoritarianism. These movements, which also oppose the European ideal, pose a threat that could undermine the achievements of the last 70 years of Europe. Against all these, the EU should embrace all its values, and these values need to be proven by policies that apply to everyone without discrimination of religion, language and race. Lastly, the manifestation concerning the change of some verses of the Quran put forward by 300 prominent French, including the former France President Sarkozy, implicate a protest against the EU values. For the EU to be credible, it should stick by its values in the face of these kinds of incidences. The EU can be an antidote to rising populism only if it adopts an equalitarian manner.”

    MAY: IKV DISCUSSED THE FUTURE OF THE EU AND ENLARGEMENT POLICY IN BRUSSELS

    IKV organised a round table meeting on "EU Reform and the Enlargement Agenda" with the collaboration of Friedrich Naumann Foundation in Brussels on 3 May 2018.

    Opening speeches of the meeting were delivered by IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu, Turkey’s Permanent Delegate to the EU in Brussels Ambassador Faruk Kaymakcı and European Commission Head of Unit for Turkey Bernard Brunet.

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu stated that if the EU approves Turkey and the Western Balkan countries as a member, the EU will become stronger than its current position. President Zeytinoğlu highlighted that with the renewal of the negotiations and the clearing of the way for the modernisation of the Customs Union, trade volume will increase mutually and Turkey will accelerate the reforms on its way to the full membership. While recalling that a summit will be held in Sofia on 17 May 2018 for Western Balkan countries, Chairman Zeytinoğlu criticised the fact that Turkey is not invited to this summit and stressed that this situation signals dissociation towards Turkey in the EU enlargement policy.

    Turkey’s Permanent Delegate to the EU in Brussels Ambassador Faruk Kaymakcı emphasised that the EU should revive the enlargement process in order to sustain its prominence globally and that decision makers should pay regards to Turkey’s critical role in the future of the EU.

    EU enlargement is unthinkable without Turkey

    While discussing the possible impacts of the debates concerning the EU’s future on enlargement policy, panelists evaluated the 2018 Enlargement Package which is comprised of European Commission’s Enlargement Strategy and Country Reports. Panelists stated that the EU has been in a reform movement to strengthen its institutional structure post-Brexit and that credibility of its enlargement perspective carries a critical importance. It was emphasised that the EU can only be an influential force and a complete global actor if it can provide a credible membership perspective to the candidate countries.

    MAY 2018: THE IMPACTS OF PLATFORMS SUCH AS UBER ON LAW WERE DISCUSSED AT IKV

    Ghent University Professor and Director of Itinera Institute based in Brussels Marc De Vos made important evaluations regarding the future impacts of the platform economy on business life and labour law at the conference organised by IKV on 3 May 2018.

    With the incredible speed of technological development and digitalisation, initiatives aimed at bringing consumers together with service providers on a single platform such as Uber, Airbnb, Kickstart, Upwork and Amazon started to receive the lion’s share of the global economy, in turn took the attention of legal experts as well as business world. The platform economy, which is based on bringing services with consumers through online platforms without the need for physical infrastructure, is getting ready to break the mould in business methods as well as labour law.

    While stating that infrastructures has begun to break apart with the introduction of platform economy, Prof. De Vos stressed that work areas has become shareable, the mobility has increased and highly competent workforce has become accessible all over the world. Prof. De Vos called on the legal experts who are trying to catch up with this transformation of the business atmosphere and said: “Stay calm and continue with your work.”

    Marc De Vos stressed that the users of services such as Uber which provides services in transport sector, or Airbnb, which enables renting a house  temporarily without an intermediary, are mainly urban, educated and young people between the ages of 18-24 and 25-34. Professor De Vos highlighted that the youth establish the future, thus platform economy could be an important factor shaping the future. De Vos added: “The platform economy is still seen as an additional source of income for most individuals who have other primary source of income. This mechanism has not yet turned into a primary source of income for people to make a living.”

    Regarding the trend of inclining towards to the platform economy with the technological transformations, De Vos stated that this method brings flexibility, independence and income opportunity thus a new potential along, and reminded that if supported by effective legal regulations; it could turn into an important assurance in front of informal employment.

    Along with the positive connotations, De Vos touched upon the possible ambiguities and problems the platform might bring along and argued that the transformation has created major differences in traditional contract law and methods of contract-making.

    Prof. De Vos stated as follows: “The content of some traditional concepts such as an employer, employee and labour contract seem as it will be reshaped by the increased availability of services through platforms such as Uber, Amazon, and Kickstart. It is also possible that concepts which are taken for granted in traditional labour law, such as maximum working hours, minimum wages, rescission of business contracts in the framework of fair rules are threatened and transformed.

    In the platform economy, there is not a classical employer/employee relationship between the platform-managers and suppliers and the contracts are not arranged based on this attribution. Instead of a reciprocal obligation, there is volunteerism. A situation like this causes a tension in the traditional judicial opinion on labour law that treats the suppliers as they are independent contractors. We are now facing a new circumstance that involves the transformations of contracts to micro-scaled assignments; offerings of business opportunities to accomplishing tasks that are optionally accepted in the platform; the obligation to provide employment to the facilitation of initiatives, while the payment of the employer in return of services transforms to the employer’s mediation of the customer payment.”  

    De Vos reminded the necessity of equilibrium in combatting with these dilemmas in labour law and drew attention to the latest ruling of CJEU on Uber by expressing that these decisions are important in understanding and directing the reciprocal interaction of technology and law in the future. Hereinafter, on the question of how Uber-like initiatives will become even more successful and acceptable, De Vos uttered the need of making them more practical and reliable. 

    APRIL 2018: WE EXPECT FOR THE EU REPORTS TO GO BEYOND ASSESSING THE SITUATION AND BE GUIDING

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made evaluations following the 20th report on Turkey published by the European Commission. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu mentioned that the report involves significant findings and criticisms particularly regarding the political criteria. Beyond these criticisms, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu emphasised that the European Commission, that is responsible for managing the EU’s enlargement process and regulating the relations with the candidate countries, has the task of keeping the enlargement process for Turkey alive. He continued his words as follows:

    “Similar to the preceding 19 reports, the released report evaluates Turkey with regard to accession criteria. However these reports were not able to ensure Turkey to complete accession negotiations and to be an EU member. Therefore, beyond criticising Turkey, these reports should answer the questions such as ‘why this process does not proceed?’ and ‘what can the EU do in order to gain Turkey and contribute to the process’ success?’. Although the Commission is not political decision maker, it performs the tasks of carrying out the EU’s enlargement process and contributing to the development of the candidate countries during the pre-accession process. President of the European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker said that he is guarantor of the negotiations. Confirmation of Turkey’s candidacy to the EU and emphasis on negotiations’ objective for full membership by the report is important. In order to keep this word, it is expected that the Commission takes the initiative of relaunching the negotiations and rejuvenating the process.”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that there are key issues in accession negations and stated as follows:

    “There are key areas in which Turkey should make progress again in regards to Copenhagen criteria. Rule of law, independence of judiciary and freedoms come at the forefront these areas. In these matters, Turkey should not only meet the EU criteria, but also accelerate reforms for the welfare and development of the Turkish population. But above all, there are fundamental issues that prevent the progression of Turkey and the EU relations. They are the efforts demonstrated by some of the Member States to undermine the process and the suspicion that even if Turkey fulfils the criteria, it will not be accepted for the membership. This situation weakens the faith towards the EU accession process in Turkey and hinders efforts to maintain the EU accession process. We identified this situation in the public opinion survey we had conducted in November. According to the survey results, while 78.9%of the respondents supported EU membership, only 31.2%of them expressed that the membership will become reality.”

    While reminding that 2025 was pronounced as the potential date for the EU accession for the other candidate Western Balkan countries to the EUapart from Turkey, , and continued as follows:

    “Despite the fact that Western Balkan countries such as Serbia and Montenegro started their negation process long after Turkey, the European Commission President Juncker put forward 2025 as these countries’ accession date. Yet, we know that these countries have serious problems concerning governance, rule of law and corruptions. Nevertheless, such a clear date is pronounced to revive the perspective of the EU membership of the Western Balkan countries. The emphasis that the EU membership is a real and reachable goal in addition to the assurance that this process will not be blocked by political reasons is necessary for Turkey as well.”

    Emphasising that it is also designated in the report the areas in which Turkey has been backsliding in the EU criteria, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated:

    “The term ‘backsliding’ has entered into the report’s vocabulary firstly in 2014. In that period it was stated that Turkey had been backsliding in the area of public procurements.  Afterwards in the report published in 2015, the areas of freedom of expression in the media and internet, freedom of assembly as well as freedom of expression were included in the backsliding areas. The list of ‘backsliding’ has grown in 2016 to comprise the areas of public services and human resources management, independence of the judiciary, business environment, freedom of association and prevention of torture and ill-treatment. The report released today reveals more areas in which Turkey has been backsliding in the alignment with the acquis. Overall, it is indicated that there was backsliding in the areas of civil society, public service and human resources management, judiciary and fundamental rights, freedom of expression, freedom of association and assembly, property rights, economic and business environment, information society, social policy and employment and external relations. As it is obviously seen along with political criteria, Turkey backslides in some areas of the chapters. Considering the crucial part of the EU Single Market within our external trade and FDI, we should stop the trend of backsliding in the alignment with the EU acquis as soon as possible and focus on ensuring further alignment.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu drew attention to another important point indicated in the report. “The last report, differently from the previous ones, describes FETÖ as ‘Gülen movement, designated by the Turkish authorities as a terror organisation’. Thus, EU’s approach to recognise Turkey's sensitiveness and concerns about this serious threat should be considered as a positive development in the Turkey-EU relations.” he noted.

    In the report, the European Commission recognises the highly valuable contribution of Turkey to the EU by hosting 3.5 million Syrians. It is also stated that Turkey is moderately prepared when it comes to the Chapter of Justice, Freedom and Security, which covers the policies on border control, visa, external migration, and asylum; and Turkey ha-s made good progress on migration and asylum policies during the last year. Turkey’s role in controlling the irregular migration to the EU bears strategic significance. We expect the EU to realise the aim of a visa-free Europe for Turkish citizens by moving forward on the issue of visa exemption.

    We have to take the criticisms in the report on the rule of law and judicial independence seriously and take necessary steps to ameliorate these issues. In the report, there is the finding that the recommendations in 2016 on the judiciary and the fundamental rights have not been carried out. It is seen that almost the same recommendations are repeated in this report. Yet again, it is expressed that the area where the most backsliding took place is related to the situation of the judiciary and the fundamental rights. The opening of the 23rd and 24th Chapters, which includes the judiciary and the fundamental freedoms along with justice, freedom and security, in the Turkey’s EU accession negotiations is a request we have been repeating. As the Turkish society and business world, we expect the EU to demonstrate its sincerity and support for reforms to be carried out in Turkey by opening these chapters. As recommended in the report, the move towards lifting the state of emergency in Turkey would fasten the process.  

    Business environment is also one of the topics that are emphasised on the report. It was expressed in the report which was released in 2016 that there was a regression in this area. In today’s report it is mentioned that, especially the deceleration in structural reforms, macroeconomic imbalances and scepticism in the efficiency and independence of the judiciary affect business environment negatively as well. We believe that the new incentives announced in March marked an important step toward improving business environment. In addition, taking steps towards lifting the State of Emergency in the near future will produce an extremely positive effect, especially with regards to increasing foreign direct investments.

    In the report, the Commission reiterates its positive opinion on starting negotiations for the modernisation of the Customs Union with Turkey. We know that negotiations are hindered by some Member States. In this respect, it is positive that the Commission does not submit to political pressure and sustains its position in this area since 2016. "

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu completed his words as follows: "There is a war is going on in Syria which is gradually coming to a deadlock and is in no way of losing its intensity. Finally, the intervention of the USA, France and Britain moved the issue to a new dimension. Turkey has a critical role in ending the war in Syria and Turkey and ensuring security in the region. By assuming a great responsibility in Syria, Turkey contributes to European security. It is the only country in Syria that can communicate and cooperate with both Russia and Iran as well as with the US and the EU. Therefore, the EU should assess this role better and shape Turkey's role in Europe's future in full membership perspective.”

    APRIL 2018: THE ATTACKS AIMED AT SYRIANS SHOULD BE STOPPED IMMEDIATELY

    The attack, which was carried out in the Duma region of Syria and has caused the loss of more than 70 civilians, reveals that the situation in the country is now at an extremely critical stage. Russia has made a statement denying the claims of chemical attack. Allegations concerning the use of chemical weapons need to be investigated seriously.

    Going beyond their strategic interests, all parties, particularly Russia and the US, should come together for the future of the Syrian people and are required to implement a comprehensive solution. It is extremely dangerous for countries to render UN Security Council dysfunctional and not operate it in this kind of situation in terms of peace and security. As an NGO, we call for all related parties to come together to increase and finalise international efforts urgently in the case of the situation in Syria getting even more out of control and clashes increasing.

    Economic Development Foundation

    APRIL 2018: WE SHOULD PAY REGARD TO THE EU SECURITY STANDARDS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY

    The groundbreaking ceremony of Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant took place on 4 April 2018. This development paves the way for Turkey to take part among the countries with nuclear power. So, what is the situation in the EU, of which we are candidate of and in a process of aligning to its standards? IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu evaluated the current situation in the EU concerning nuclear energy:

    “With the construction of Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant, Turkey will join the group of countries that have nuclear power. This is an important development for Turkey to be able to diversify the energy sources available in Turkey. As it is known, nuclear energy is a highly critical source of energy, and within the the EU, we see that the 30 per cent of the electricity is generated in nuclear plants. There are currently 130 nuclear reactors operating in 14 Member States. In the EU, it is up to the Member States themself to decide whether they would set up nuclear power plants or not. Although the EU does not intervene in this regard, still the EU standards play an important role, especially in terms of nuclear energy security.”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that nuclear energy is a part of the EU’s long term decarbonisation goals, and recalled the responsibility laid on the Member States with regards to preference for the utilisation of nuclear energy:

    “The EU is very sensitive about the safe use of nuclear energy. The EU has a set of standards that have been established under Euratom to date in some areas such as the safety of nuclear installations, protection against radiation, radioactive waste management as well as protection of nuclear facilities against malicious attacks. However, the Fukushima accident that took place in Japan in 2011 was a milestone for the EU. As it can be remembered, Germany had decided to shut down its nuclear power plants until 2029. In addition to this, the key developments among the EU circsles have been the urgent stress testing to assess the safety of power plants in the Member States and the revision of Nuclear Safety Directive in 2014. Now nuclear security in the EU means the fulfilment of security standards at all stages, starting with the installation of a nuclear power plant, regularly monitoring of these infrastructures, and sharing more information with the public. Under the energy chapter of Turkey-EU accession negotiation framework –which unfortunately could not be opened because of the Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus’ veto- there exists various rules regarding nuclear energy and nuclear safety. In this respect, as long as the EU standards are fully regarded, I believe that Turkey’s transitions to nuclear energy would strengthen the EU in the energy field.”

    MARCH 2018: WE CONSIDER THE VARNA SUMMIT’S RESULTS AS POSITIVE DEVELOPMENT

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu evaluated the results of the leaders summit in Varna which was held among President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and the leaders of the EU institutions.

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu underlined that Turkey and the EU’s common will to keep the dialogue window open and to maintain the cooperation is an important acquisition and continued as following:

    “Varna meeting was a significant step for Turkey and the EU to understand each other better and to make an effort towards creating a common ground. President Erdoğan emphasised that this meeting was a crucial start to establish trust between Turkey and the EU but also concrete steps in this direction arenecessary. After having presented Turkey’s claim for the EU’s future, President Erdoğan mentioned that Turkey’s exclusion from the EU’s enlargement perspective would be a serious mistake. President Erdoğan laid the base for a positiveagenda by suggesting common action for constructing a strong, prosperous and stable Europe. Now, it is time to make this positive agenda real. Rejuvenating the EU reforms would also break the EU’s mould.

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu expressed that it is important for President Erdoğan’s expectations regarding visa liberalisation, Cyprus, fight against terrorism, the modernisation of the Customs Union was transferred to the EU verbally and in writing. He also added that mutual understanding is a must for a sincere dialogue:

    “Turkey and the EU sides exchanged their priorities and expectations in Varna. In order to come up with progress in any mutual relationship, both sides need to clarify their positions clearly. This is an important step for the acceleration of the mutual dialogue. We could consider this Summit as an important step for Turkey and the EU to understand each other better and to restore the relations. After this, it is necessary to rebuild relations step-by-step and to bring the negotiations back on track. Revitalisation of Turkey’s EU perspective, ensuring progress in areas such as democracy, law as well as the rights and freedoms would create a positive momentum in all areas, from economy to politics.”

    Lastly, Chairman Zeytinoğlu emphasised that the interdependence between Turkey and the EU is vital for the continuity of the relations:

    “EU is a formation that we cannot ever neglect. The EU, with whom Turkey makes close to half of its exports and is a candidate for membership, is not only a governance system and a reform anchor, but also a social and economic model.

    Turkey, similarly, is an indispensable country and a partner for the EU, in areas such as security, energy supply, migration management and fight against terrorism.

    These conditions make it necessary for relations to move forward. In other words, the deterioration of relations and the increase in tension would not benefit anyone. Turkey's EU integration through accession could make a big difference not only for Turkey and the EU, but also for the stability and security of the nearby region.

    MARCH 2018: STEPS SHOULD BE TAKEN URGENTLY IN ORDER TO OVERCOME THE CUSTOMS WALLS OF THE US

    Interesting developments are taking place in global trade. While the US undermines the liberal trade system by putting additional tariffs on steel and aluminium imports, the effects of these practices on the third countries are being discussed. IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu stated that additional tariffs, which have been implemented as of today, will adversely affect Turkish exporters, and appealed to competent authorities:

    “The additional tariffs imposed on the steel and aluminium by Trump’s decision affects all producers and exporters adversely. These tariffs, which mainly target China and likely to start a trade war, also affect Turkey adversely, which is the eighth biggest steel producer of the world and is located between the top ten aluminium producers. Lastly, the US declared that the EU, Australia, Argentina, South Korea and Brazil would be exempted from these tariffs in addition to Canada and Mexico.”

    Zeytinoğlu stressed that Turkey should also increase its efforts to get an exemption from the new tariffs for the future of steel and aluminium sectors, and attracted attention to the Customs Union in this context:

    “EU countries received exemption from the tariffs which will be applied on steel and aluminium. This is an important acquisition. We expect Trump to announce the relevant decision today. Turkey is also a country which has the Customs Union with the EU and implements the EU’s common customs tariff and trade policy. We need to make every effort to ensure that this exception is implemented for Turkish companies as well. One of the most important pillars we have is the Customs Union. Turkish industrial goods also benefit from the free movement in the EU market due to the Customs Union. Therefore, a Turkish product exported to the US should logically be treated as an EU product. That is why; we expect for the necessary steps to increase the initiatives in the US and the EU, and for our producers to not become victims.”

    MARCH 2018:WE MUST USE OUR WATER CONSERVATIVELY AND CONSCIOUSLY

    UN General Assembly had declared 22 March 1993 as World Water Day following the emphasis on the water’s importance at the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), which took place in Rio de Janerio.  World Water Day is held annually on 22 March as a means of focusing attention on the importance of freshwater and advocating for the sustainable management of freshwater resources. IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu has made a press release on the occasion of 22 March World Water Day.

    This Year’s Theme is “Nature for Water”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu underlined that water is one of the most important element of sustainable development and stated that it has a critical position for socio-economic development, healthy ecosystems and human survival. IKV Chairman continued as follows:

    “Although water covers three quarters of the earth’s surface, we have a limited amount of fresh water, as only one percent of the earth’s water is available for our daily water supply needs.

    At the same time, global demand for water has been increasing at a rate of about 1 percent per year due to factors such as population growth, economic development and changing consumption patterns, among other factors, and it will continue to grow significantly over the next 20 years. The vast majority of the growing demand for water will occur in countries with developing or emerging economies, such as Turkey”.

    IKV Chairman also shared the future statics on the subject: “It is expected that, between 2017 and 2050, world population will increase from 7.7 billion to approximately 10 billion and more than half of this increase will take place in Africa and Asia. In the meantime, domestic water use, which roughly accounts for 10 percent of global withdrawals, is expected to increase significantly over the 2010-2050 period in nearly all regions of the world. When monthly variables are taken into account, 3.6 billion people worldwide are already living in potential water scarce areas at least one month per year and this could increase to some 4.8-5.7 billion in 2050.

    Furthermore, water pollution has worsened in almost all rivers in America, Asia and Latin America since the 1990’s. If the pollution continues, deterioration of water quality is expected to escalate over the next decades and this will increase threats to human health, the environment and sustainable development”.

    Turkey’s Condition

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also touched upon the importance for the future of Turkey on the subject:” Contrary to popular belief, although surrounded by sea on three sides, Turkey is not a water rich country. As the amount of water per capita per year is around 1,519 cubic meters, Turkey is neither a country rich in freshwater resources nor the richest country in the region in this respect. TURKSTAT predicts that the population will be 100 million by 2030. In this case, it is estimated that the amount of usable water per capita in 2030 will be around 1,120 m³ / year. Since countries with less than a thousand cubic meters of water per capita per year are considered "water poor", this figure indicates that the country will come to the point of being water-poor. It is possible to predict that factors such as the current growth rate and changes in water consumption habits will have a major impact on this water scarcity. Moreover, all these estimates will only apply if the available resources are transferred without destruction in 20 years.  For this reason, we must use water more conservatively and consciously in order to leave better quality and sufficient water for future generations.

     

    MARCH 2018: WE NOTE THE COMMISSION’S PROPOSALS REGARDING VISA POLICY. YET GOAL OF VISA LIBERALISATION CONTINUES TO BE TURKEY’S PRIORITY

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu commented upon the statement European Commission Member Dimitris Avramopoulos has made regarding the Refugee Facility for Turkey and new proposals concerning visa policy:

    “As stated in 18 March 2016 Turkey-EU statement, it was estimated that a total of 6 billion euros of funds within the framework of the Refugee Facility for Turkey were to be mobilised in two different tranches. It was asserted that the 3 billion euros which is the second tranche of this portion and is intended for post 2018 will be mobilised. Although delayed, this is a positive development. However, as civil society we have a concern here. We are concerned that it will take a very long time for these funds to become available and for them to be reflected on the improvement of the quality of life of the Syrian population under temporary protection.  These funds must be transferred quickly and directly to projects to be carried out by or in cooperation with municipalities where Syrians are most concentrated. Only in this way maximum benefit could be obtained.”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu also touched upon the changes proposed by the Commission on visa policy.  According to the statement Avramopoulos has made, the visa policy of the EU is changing. The proposals brought by the Commission have not yet come into force. However, just like Turkey, the countries whose citizens enter the EU countries with visas need to closely follow the developments. Beside the positive and innovative changes such as the reduction of decision-making time for visa applications from 15 to 10 days, the possibility of making applications in electronic form, giving multiple entry visas to trusted regular travellers for a period from 1 up to 5 years, the issuance of single entry visas directly at the external land or sea borders of the EU for a maximum of 7 days, there are points which would cause additional costs for the applicants such as the rise of the visa fee from 60 euros to 80 euros.

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu emphasised that visa liberalisation continues to be the main target for Turkish citizens, commented upon the changes proposed by the Commission and indicated that there are some negative sides along with the positive ones:

    “The proposals which have been stated by Dimitris Avramopoulos, the Commissioner for Migration, Home Affairs and Citizenship, comprises considerable changes in EU visa policy. We, as civil society representatives in Turkey, believe that the visas will be lifted in the near future as a result of the visa liberalisation dialogue. Still at the moment we are faced with the visa obligation and have to closely follow developments in the EU’s visa policy. Innovative measures such as the reduction of decision-making time for visa applications, validity of multiple entry visas for a longer period and the single entry visas for the countries at the borders of the EU can be seen as positive developments. However, the rise in the visa fees is very thought-provoking. Visa application costs are not limited to the application fee. There are many additional items such as bank fee, notary fee and translation fee. That is why, it is advisable that the rise in the fees should be reconsidered. Turkish citizens paid 317 million euros for Schengen visa applications in the past 7 years (2010-16). If we consider the additional costs as well, we know that the actual cost is much higher.”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that there are some suggestive factors among the Commission’s proposal as well:

    “Beside this, there are some critical points among the proposed changes. For example, the Commission states that it will use the visa policy as a security tool. It is stated that stricter conditions will apply to visa applications from countries that have not cooperated with the EU in case of readmission of irregular migrants. Which means that, when visas are granted to citizens of countries that do not cooperate with the EU in irregular migration, the process could be slowed down, the validity period of visas could be reduced and the fees could be increased. This situation shows that the visa will be used by the EU as a tool to force other countries to cooperate with the EU”.

    “Visa Liberalisation for Turkish citizens is also beneficial for the EU”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that the Commission’s establishment of the Visa Information System, which is expected to be announced in the coming months and aimed at increasing security, is positive in terms of travel security, illegal immigration and co-operation against crime. Zeytinoğlu said that “the information of travellers to the EU could be compared with other databases such as the Schengen Information System and the Criminal Register Information System by creating a single search portal. This is important in terms of security for the EU's neighbouring countries such as Turkey. In the process of visa liberalisation with Turkey, the steps are being taken to ensure better cooperation on these issues. Among the proposed steps to meet the remaining visa liberalisation criteria Turkey has provided, signing an operational cooperation agreement with Europol and cooperation with the EU member states on judicial cooperation plays a part. In this sense, the completion of the visa liberalization process will contribute to Turkey-EU cooperation in migration and mobility matters and cooperation against trans-border crime. The completion of the visa liberalisation process in the near future and the actualisation of the visa-free Europe target are the fundamental objectives for us”.

    MARCH 2018: THE RESULTS OF THE ELECTIONS IN ITALY RAISES CONCERN REGARDING RELATIONS WITH TURKEY

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu evaluated the results of the elections in Italy, one of the founding members of the EU, on 4 March 2018, and attracted notice to the fact that populist and EU-sceptical trends evident in 2017 to have revealed itself in Italy. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu had a statement on the contentious Italian elections:

    “When we look at Italy’s election results, we see that central parties are weakening and extremes are strengthening, same as in the major EU countries.  Just as it is for the future of the EU, this situation is also alarming with regards to relations with Turkey. The fact that a far right party, the Northern League, has increased its vote along with the winner of the election, Five Star Movement (MS5), means that the opposition towards an united Europe has strengthened. In addition, Northern League leader Salvini’s statements in which he characterised Turkey’s EU membership process as insanity betrays a dangerous and destructive approach.”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu expressed that unlike the other founding members of the Netherlands, Germany and France, which have managed to keep populist and EU-sceptical views in opposition, it is thought-provoking that the parties which will disrupt European integration and Turkey-EU relations received the highest vote in Italy, and continued as follows:

    “Italy is one of the founding members of the EU, and one of the countries which form the backbone of the EU following Germany and France. In this respect, drifts in the Italian politics are of utmost importance especially at a time when the EU is discussing its future. When we evaluate the results of the election, we see that there is a shift from the centre to the extremes, and that anti-EU views have gained power. The socio-economic problems, the migration crisis and the feeling of abandonment by the EU led to the extremities in centre-right and centre-left in Italy. MS5, founded by comedian Beppe Grillo in 2009, got 32.22% of the votes and won the Italian elections. Although they define themselves as neither the right nor the left, they implicitly state that their political rhetoric is located on the left of the political scale. The party opposes the inequalities created by the global market and sees the EU and the EU’s dynamos Germany and France as the greatest reason for this situation.”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu had also a statement regarding the coalition government that is expected to be established:

    “Democratic Party (PD) which received 18.9% of the votes and declined by 6.5 points compared to the 2013 election, suffered a defeat with the results worse than expected. Party Leader Renzi proved that democratic tradition is strong by resigning over the election results.  EU leaders’ supported party, PD, was punished at the polls by Italian citizens who were dissatisfied with the economic stagnation and political instability in the country. It seems unlikely that the coalition government will be established between the M5S and the PD, when considered M5S was the party which opposed the new electoral law proposed by the PD and adopted at the parliament ahead of the elections, in addition to the differences between two parties. The Northern League, which increased its votes by 13.59 points to the third place compared to the 2013 elections, is currently the highest potential coalition partner of the M5S. A party, which will jeopardise both the future of the European integration and Turkey’s full membership process, taking place in the coalition poses a great danger. We hope that following the elections the coalition partner whom M5S will decide on will be a party other than Northern League; since the policies regarding both the EU and Turkey-EU issues will vary depending on the established coalition. Within this regard, we wish Italy’s more integration to the EU, which is shaping its future following Brexit, and particularly the adoption of more moderate approaches to Turkey’s full EU membership process in the founding member of the EU, Italy.”

    MARCH 2018: "OUR EXPECTATION FROM THE GRAND COALITION IS IMPROVEMENT IN THE RELATIONS WITH TURKEY"

    The Social Democrats’ (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands – SPD) vote in favour of a grand coalition with the CDU (Christlich Demokratische Union) at the weekend election ended the five-month-long uncertainty. There are no longer obstacles on establishing SPD-CDU coalition government. IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu had a statement on the subject:

    “Following the elections on 24 September 2017 in Germany, the search for government continued until today. The inability of the leader country of the EU to establish a government for 5 months also affected the important processes of the Union. Germany’s leadership is important for the reforms to be carried out in the EU structure during and aftermath of the Brexit process. The ratification of the coalition, which was expected to be established between Christian Democrats and Social Democrats, by SPD with 66% ended the five-month-long uncertainty. We take heed of this development. Apart from the intense foreign trade and investment relations with the EU countries, if we consider the importance of the EU objective for Turkey, the need for a strong EU for Turkey also comes to light.”  

    After having reminded the awaited busy agenda of the established CDU-SDP coalition, Chairman Zeytinoğlu underlined the need for Turkey-Germany relations to be improved:

    “At the beginning of the coalition negotiations, two Parties agreed upon a draft agreement. This draft also touched upon relations with Turkey. It was indicated that within the framework of the EU, Germany does not support the opening of new chapters in Turkey’s accession process and that green light should not be given to Turkey for the modernisation of the Customs Union and the visa liberalisation. This approach undermines Turkey-EU relations. The coalition should take new steps to strengthen the relations with Turkey. We hope that Mrs. Merkel, who is going to begin her fourth term as Prime Minister, would act cautiously on this issue and would take steps to rejuvenate the relations with Turkey during this period in which close relationships are much more needed than ever between the EU and Turkey.

    JANUARY 2018: THE RESULTS OF PUBLIC OPINION SURVEY ON EU SUPPORT AND PERCEPTION IN TURKEY

    The IKV in collaboration with Realta Research Company conducted a survey regarding EU perception and support for EU membership in Turkish public opinion. Such surveys have also been conducted in 2015 and 2016 owing to the increasing importance of public opinion on Turkey and EU relations.

    The survey has been conducted on 18-19 November in 18 provinces of Turkey including Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Manisa, Eskisehir, Bursa, Trabzon, Adana, Mersin, Diyarbakir, Gaziantep, Amasya, Sakarya, Malatya, Agri, Aydin, Batman and Samsun. Participants were selected according to a random selection process and numbered 1311 respondents in total. Gender and regional quotas have been implemented in line with the principle of proportional representation. Face-to-face interviews have been conducted with the participants according to quantitative research methods. Margin of error is estimated at +/-2.5 per cent.

    46.2 % of the participants were female while 53.8 % were male. According to educational attainment, 43.7 % of the respondents were high school graduates, while 25,8 % graduated from primary school and 13.6 % graduated from university.

    Regarding occupational status, respondents belonged to the following professions: private sector, house maker, unemployed, craftsmen, retired, blue-collar worker, student, self-employed, public servant, farmer, and merchant.

    94.2 % of the respondents said that they have heard of the EU before. This percentage is highest in the Marmara region with 96,4 % and lowest in South-eastern Anatolia with 87.2 %. 1.,1 % of the respondents declared that their knowledge of the EU is extensive while the majority (81 %) denoted their level of knowledge as “some”.

    Regarding sources of information on the EU, visual and print media ranks in the first place with 89.3 %, while internet ranks as the second (47.2 %), and family and friends rank as the third (32.4 %) information source.

    One of the most critical questions in the survey was the one about support for EU membership. Respondents were asked whether they support Turkey’s EU membership goal. A majority, i.e. 78.9 % responded that they did support Turkey’s EU membership. Only 21.1 % opposed it. The level of support had been 61.8 % in 2015 and 75.5 % in 2016. The continuation of a high level of support for Turkey’s EU membership despite all the odds is remarkable. We think that it is a message to decision-makers in Turkey and the EU that they should continue to work towards the goal of membership.

    Respondents were also asked whether they think, i.e. believe that Turkey will become a member of the EU in the near future. Only 31.2 % believe that Turkey will become a Member State in the near future while 68.8 % is of the opposite opinion. The ratio of those who believed that Turkey’s EU membership would happen in the near future was 30.1 % in 2015 and 35.6 % in 2016. Belief that membership is going to happen in the near future is highest in South-eastern Anatolia with 56.2 % followed by the Aegean region with 45.2 %. It is the lowest in Eastern Anatolia with 25.5 % and Central Anatolia with 26.1 %. In terms of gender, it may be concluded that women are more sceptical than men regarding the possibility of membership in the near future. While 72.8 % of the female respondents expressed that they did not believe that membership is going to take place in the near future, 58.7 % of the male respondents adhered to this opinion.

    In terms of level of education, university graduates are more pessimistic with 77.4 % declaring that they did not believe that membership is going to take place in the near future.

    The low level of belief in EU membership may be evaluated as a result of years of problems and delays in Turkey’s EU journey and the current problematic state of relations.  A general loss of hope and feeling of disappointment may be discerned.

    Respondents were also asked about the reasons for supporting/not supporting EU membership.

    Concerning reasons for supporting EU membership, welfare and level of economic development (48.3 %), progress in democracy and human rights (38,1%) and right of free movement, settlement and education (34.5 %) in the EU are calculated as the top three reasons. Increase in prestige of the country or contribution to level of education and culture are supported by a smaller percentage of the respondents. These results reveal that Turkish people continue to support the EU membership goal due to an expectation about better economic opportunities, developed democracy, increased rights and freedoms.

    Regarding the reasons for not supporting membership, 25.2 % noted that they were concerned about weakening of national culture and identity, 24.6 % noted their perception that the EU does not have a future, 23.5 % that the EU implementing double standards towards Turkey and 17.2% were concerned about loss of sovereignty and independence. These results reveal that those against Turkey’s EU membership harbour a negative image about the probable effects of membership and are extremely concerned about preservation of culture and identity.

     Regarding a question about the most important obstacles in front of Turkey’s EU membership, nearly half (46.6 %) of the respondents attributed the main reason to economic problems, 44.3 % noted double standards policy as the main obstacle, 25.3 % as the perceptions and prejudices among the EU public regarding Turkey, and 23.6 % as religious and cultural differences. The Cyprus question which is the main reason for the suspension of several chapters in the accession talks, was cited only by 4.3 % of the respondents as the main obstacle.  It should also be noted that cultural and religious differences was cited as the main obstacle by a majority of the respondents in 2016 while it came as the third this year. This also conveys that economic and policy concerns regarding just treatment of Turkey were evaluated as more significant causes blocking progress towards membership.

    Regarding the answer to the question about the meaning of the EU, 41.4 % of the respondents declared that the EU meant welfare and high level of economic development, while 30.8 % of the respondents chose “democracy and freedom”, 26.5 % free movement and abolition of borders, and 26.2 % culture and civilisation. It may be evaluated that Turks generally view the EU as an area of prosperity, democracy and freedom and attribute importance to the right of free movement.

    Respondents were also asked questions about Turkey’s economic partners and political allies. Regarding a question about the leading economic partner for Turkey, EU ranked the first with 27.8 %, Russia and Central Asian Republics ranked as the 2nd with 19.3 %, developing countries such as China and India ranked as the third with 18.9 % followed by Middle Eastern countries with 18.6 %. The picture is slightly different when respondents were asked to name Turkey’s leading political partner (ally). Here the EU loses its first place to Russia and Central Asian Republics. While the EU is evaluated as Turkey’s leading political partner by 24.1 %, Russia and Central Asian Republics rank as the first with 24.9 %. Undoubtedly, the recent rapprochement with Russia over the Syrian issue and the spats with EU Member States were responsible for this change in perception. Middle Eastern countries ranked in the third place with 23.6 %, and the USA in the fourth place with 14.3 %.

    Lastly, respondents were asked to name the issue that they view as the most important one in Turkey and EU relations at the moment. Visa liberalisation was the issue that was regarded as the most important by 32.8 % of the respondents, followed by the customs union by 31.3 %, and refugee crisis by 27.9 %.  Turkey’s accession negotiations was regarded as the most important issue only by 6.1 % owing to the recent stalemate in the negotiations while a new sort of partnership which is a model proposed by several EU politicians and officials recently, is regarded as the most important issue only by 1.4 %.

    In a nutshell, Turks continue to support Turkey’s EU membership despite all the odds and problems in the process. However, the belief that membership will actually take place in the near future is declining.

    The EU in general means welfare, democracy, freedom and right of movement for a majority of Turks. These are exactly the same reasons why we continue to support the EU. The EU membership goal corresponds to the Turkish people’s search for “work, bread, and freedom.

    All in all, the results reveal that EU membership is not an abandoned goal for Turkey. On the contrary,  the EU anchor and goal of accession maintains its relevance and actuality despite all the hurdles and difficulties experienced to this day.

     

  • DECEMBER 2017: BREXIT IS NOT A MODEL FOR TURKEY

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu criticised the view of German Foreign Minister Sigmar Gabriel regarding his proposal suggesting UK’s prospected agreement which would be signed with the EU after Brexit as a model also for Turkey.  IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that other forms of relationship models should not be blended with Turkey’s EU membership process.

    IKV Chairman continued his statement as follows:

    “A new model is attempted to be created for Turkey through the Brexit negotiations in the recent period. Lastly, we witnessed German Foreign Minister Gabriel’s statement concerning the issue. Similarly, Boyko Borisov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria, that would be holding the EU Presidency between January-June 2018, proposed a special agreement with Turkey. We fully disagree with this kind of statements and remarks. As a specialised civil society and research institution following Turkey’s EU process for 52 years, we perceive these approaches extremely unfortunate and undesirable.”

    Moreover, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu reminded even an article of the Association Agreement which was signed in 1963 referring to membership. Hence, he enunciated that the main structure of Turkey-EU relations is the accession process within the framework of membership goal. Ayhan Zeytinoğlu proceeded his words by expressing that:

    “Since the signature of Ankara Agreement, Turkey’s EU membership objective has been agreed upon by the state and society. It has become the basic strategy of Turkey-EU relations. All of the various aspects in our relations with the EU including partnership, visa liberalisation and the Customs Union are taken ultimately into consideration to serve the membership objective. To say the least, ignoring this basic objective and strategy or easily thinking to replace it with a different model is an inconvenient approach. The model that will be designed for the UK following Brexit is for a country that leaves the EU voluntarily. A different model can also be stipulated for a country such as Ukraine that takes part in the EU neighbourhood area without being a candidate country to the EU. However, these are never convenient for Turkey that has revealed willingness to be an EU member, been declared as a candidate country and started accession negotiations. We convey this fundamental distinction to our European counterparts on all occasions.

    However, such statements delivered by Foreign Minister of the EU’s locomotive country, Germany and Prime Minister of a country assuming the EU’s Presidency raise concern. In order to prevent this kind of statements and approaches, Turkey has to put the EU reforms on the agenda again and to take the necessary steps for the consolidation of values such as democracy, human rights and the rule of law determinedly.”

    DECEMBER 2017: AUSTRIAN GOVERNMENT’S APPROACH TO TURKEY RAISES CONCERN

    Austria’s new coalition, which was formed between centre-right Austrian People’s Party (OVP) and the far-right Freedom Party (FPO), has put ending Turkey’s accession process into its government program and for this purpose has been searching allies within the EU circles. This worrying situation is a prime example of the increasing short-sightedness and the lack of vision in the EU. We observe the strengthening of the far-right and shift of the centre-right to far right in Austria as we have seen in other EU member countries before. These xenophobic, anti-immigrant and anti-EU movements make the EU introverted and move away from becoming a source of inspiration for its closest neighbourhood.

    It is extremely saddening that a country such as Austria, which forms one of the most important roots of the European culture, could not have a grasp on the importance of Turkey for the future of the Europe and the only proposal they come up with is ending the accession negotiations. Although we do not speculate that the proposal of the newly established government in Austria could muster up many supporters, we would like to highlight the need for the EU to develop policies with a more innovative and visionary approach towards Turkey.

    Ayhan Zeytinoğlu
    IKV Chairman

    DECEMBER 2017: US PRESIDENT’S JERUSALEM DECISION WOULD UNDERMINE THE FOUNDATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM

    US President Donald Trump’s statement of recognising Jerusalem as Israel’s capital is a development that clearly violates the UN resolutions and it would unsettle the prospects of peace in the region. This statement, which would aggravate the already fragile peace and stability in the region, should be assessed as a unilateral and irresponsible approach and it should be revoked.

     

    Ayhan Zeytinoğlu
    IKV Chairman

    NOVEMBER 2017: IKV PAID A VISIT TO BRUSSELS

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu paid an official visit to Brussels on 22-24 November 2017 with the accompanying committee. Within the scope of the visit, a panel entitled “Refugee Cooperation between Turkey and the EU and Turkey’s EU Accession Process” was held at the IKV Brussels Office on 22 November 2017. The opening speeches of the meeting were delivered by IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu, Permanent Delegate of Turkey to the EU Ambassador Faruk Kaymakçı, Deputy Head of Turkey Unit of European Commission Patrick Paquet and Member of the EP Miltiadis Kyrkos. Representatives from the EU institutions including the European Commission, the EP, the European Council and the European External Action Service (EEAS) attended the meeting along with the participants from Brussels based think tanks, NGOs and press.

    The experts and researchers from Turkey and the EU touched upon refugee cooperation and Turkey-EU relations. The current conditions of the Syrian population under temporary protection in Turkey, the EU’s contributions and humanitarian funding concerning the refugee crisis and common interests as well as cooperation areas were discussed. At the panel, it was identified that despite some problems, refugee cooperation between Turkey and the EU is under way. It was also highlighted that the main aim of Turkey–EU cooperation should be membership after all.

    On the second day of the Brussels visit, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu met with authorities from the Turkey Unit of European Commission Directorate-General for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations (DG NEAR) and the MEPS.

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu gave information regarding Turkey’s EU process and highlighted the need for reviving the EU negotiations in line with the aim of full membership. He criticised the EU’s decision to reduce pre-accession funds and noted that the negotiations for the modernisation of the Customs Union could help create a positive agenda between the parties.

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu also noted that IKV would be organising several events in Brussels along with the other EU capitals in near future. He also highlighted IKV continues intensely to work for Turkey to take the place it deserves within the EU structure.

    NOVEMBER 2017: WE CORRESPOND THE EU’S DECISION TO REDUCE PRE-ACCESSION FUNDS WITH APPREHENSION

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement following the European Council’s decision to reduce Turkey’s pre-accession funds. As stated by IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu, the decision was taken with political motives and reflects the EU’s dilemma over Turkey’s membership process. He continued as follows:

    “According to the agreement reached between the Council and the EP regarding the EU’s 2018 budget, it was settled that the EU would cut 105 million euro from Turkey’s pre-accession funds and suspend an additional 70 million euro. This agreement is going to be finalised after the Council’s and EP’s formal approvals on 30 November 2017. As the main aim of this financial assistance is to prepare Turkey as a candidate country for the EU membership, it is clear that this budget cut will affect the pre-accession process negatively. During a period in which Turkey needs to progress in alignment with the EU values and standards most, even if it is limited, we are contemplating that the decision to reduce pre-accession assistance is an unfortunate development.”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu remarked that the regression of Turkey’s vested rights during the EU accession period would lead to a negative perception, even if it is symbolic. He added that:

    “Accession period has been progressing through the mutual commitments of the EU and Turkey. Hence, each development that causes any limitations on the foreseen framework and regressions would remove the parties from the accession aim. Although the cut in pre-accession assistance has no significant impact in reality, it might affect the process in a negative way both symbolically and psychologically.”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu reminded that Turkey has used a very low percentage of the pre-accession funds yet, and continued his words as the following:

    “With the impact of the deceleration in Turkey’s membership negotiations, it is seen that there is a delay in usage of the pre-accession funds. Only 360 million euro out of 4.45 billion euro has been disbursed to projects. The remaining funds from the period prior to 2014 are still being used. Therefore, the acceleration of the efficient usage of the EU pre-accession funds carries a great importance. Considering that there is approximately two-year period ahead and the presentation, approval and implementation period of the projects take a long time, it could be realised that there is a short time frame for these funds to be used.”

    Ayhan Zeytinoğlu touched also upon the importance of keeping Turkey’s aim of membership alive, and he lastly expressed that:

    “The reforms that were carried out in the beginning of the 2000’s to progress in the EU membership and to fulfil the necessary criteria have resulted in an increase in not only foreign investments in Turkey but also Turkey’s recognition and reputation at an international level. During this period in which Turkey has been having tough times in both within and beyond the borders, keeping the EU membership aim alive would make a positive impact to actualise the structural reforms and to achieve improvements regarding democracy, freedom and the rule of law.”

    OCTOBER 2017: WE STILL HAVE A CHANCE TO REVIVE THE EU PROCESS

    Following the EU Leaders Summit which was held on 19 October 2017, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu evaluated the attitude adopted towards Turkey:

    “Germany Chancellor Merkel made statements regarding the suspension of the negotiation process with Turkey during the European Council meeting. However, there was no majority in the European Council to support this discourse. No formal process was triggered to suspend Turkey-EU accession negotiations. It is a favorable result. On the other hand, it has been decided that the EU funds given to Turkey will be reduced. We can perceive this message as follows: It’s a warning from the EU to Turkey. We did not suspend the negotiations officially but we are not pleased with the current state of affairs. For now we are confining ourselves to cut some amount of the funds.”

    IKV Chairman emphasised that the next six months will have critical importance for Turkey-EU relations to be improved and added:

    “The EU and some of the Member States are responsible for the current state of relations with Turkey. But at this stage, we need to leave the previous mistakes aside and consider what can be done in the future. Therefore, the period of the next 6 months is critical. Until the European Commission’s next Progress Report which is prospected to be published in April, there lies a critical chance for Turkey to revive the EU process. As we always reiterate, we can revive the EU process by making reforms for Turkey and Turkish people. This can only be achieved by taking any steps forward in every negotiation area, from the rule of law to the adoption of good governance principles. The revitalisation of the EU process is also of critical importance in terms of stability and development. If we can take the steps which could affect the Report expected to be published in April positively, with the help of diplomatic efforts, we can put the relations with the EU which have been injured on the right track.”

    Finally, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu assessed the attitude of the EU:

    “The EU leaders and institutions know that Turkey is in an essential position for the European security. Europe cannot take the risk to lose Turkey. Similar to the EU process’ utmost importance for Turkey, it is also important for the EU to preserve close cooperation with Turkey. In this respect, it will be beneficial for us and our European friends to accelerate our relations with the EU by maintaining the participation perspective.”

    OCTOBER 2017: THE CATALAN REFERENDUM SHOWED THAT THE CONCEPT OF NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY IS STILL STRONG IN THE EU

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement following the independence referendum in Catalonia that is one of the Spain's autonomous provinces. Having mentioned the referendum is contrary to the Spanish Constitution, Zeytinoğlu added that instead of mutual showdown, political negotiations are needed to find a solution. IKV Chairman continued his statement as follows:

    “The Spanish Constitution, which was approved in 1978, has given the right of self-government to some regions such as Catalonia and the Basque Country. However, the constitution is based on the principle of “indivisible integrity of the Spanish nation”. Therefore, by organising such a hurry referendum despite of the central government’s oppositions, the Catalan government has brought things to a wrong spot. In addition, police’s use of force against civilians has caused the emergence of images that are ill-fitted with modern Europe.

    According to the results of the referendum which had 42.3% participation level, 90% of people voted in favor of independence. However, declaring independence with reference to the results of this referendum which lacks both the announcement of the voter lists and an independent election commission will not only be illegitimate but also increase the tension further."

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that common sense plays important role in referendums such as the one in Northern Iraq. Moreover, he expressed that this kind of political movements without a political consensus will bring nothing but hardship to all concerned parties: “Although there are substantial geographical and contextual differences between the referendums in Catalonia and Northern Iraq, they have some common characteristics. In both cases, there is a political attitude which threatens stability and security in spite of the opposition of other related political actors. Before taking such steps, there is a need to not only think carefully and but also measure diplomatic and political grounds very well. Otherwise, the result will be disappointment and tears.”

    Lastly, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu touched upon the attitude of the EU regarding the Catalan referendum and emphasised that the EU has not made a comprehensive statement on this issue yet:

    “Neither the EU institutions nor political leaders have made a statement on the referendum in Catalonia yet. Only Belgium and Slovenia came up with some statements to condemn the police violence. This shows that national sovereignty and territorial integrity maintain their importance in today’s Europe. No country can stay silent against such a challenge. Therefore, organisation of such an independence referendum by violating the constitution and claiming that the results are legitimate despite of the deficiencies during the election process have created a situation that endangers the security of the region and the prosperity of people."

    SEPTEMBER 2017: WE EXPECT THE NORMALIZATION OF RELATIONS WITH GERMANY AFTER THE ELECTIONS

    Ayhan Zeytinoğlu, Chairman of IKV, evaluated federal elections in Germany on 24 September 2017. According to the election results, Christian Democratic Party (CDU)’s President and Prime Minister Angela Merkel was for the fourth time got elected with an important success considering the electorial history of the Federal Republic of Germany. Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that the results of the elections are closely related to our country and continued:

    “This summer the tension between Turkey and Germany has highly escalated. However taking account of the economic, commercial, historical and cultural ties between the two countries; Germany's definitive role in the EU relations, as well as over 3 million Turkish citizens living in Germany; damages caused by the tension are clearly seen. The election results announced last night shows that a coalition government will be formed in German in the coming days. Christian Democrats led by Merkel received 33.7 percent, social democrats 20.7 percent, left party 8.5 percent, greens 8.8 percent, liberals 10.9 percent and Germany Alternative Party 12.4 percent of the total votes. The social democrats, who have suffered a serious loss of votes, will not be coalition partners this time. In this case, Merkel is expected to form a coalition with the Free Democrats and the Greens.“

    Zeytinoğlu emphasized the importance of taking a more rational and constructive discourse about the new government in Germany relation in Turkey:

    “AFD, known for its immense anti-immigration attitude, which is very striking in terms of the future of Germany and the EU, will be elected as a third party and represented by about 85 MPs in the German Parliament. This is a call that warns all politicians in Germany to be careful towards populist rhetoric. To this end, overcoming the current obstacles in Turkey-Germany relations with the new German Government; continuity of the current migration cooperation; enhancing the liberal trade through commencing the Customs Union modernization negotiations would be the most effective answer to the ascending populist rhetoric and the far-right discourse.“

     “We Consider a Summit that Brings President Erdoğan and Merkel Together Would Be Immensely Appropriate.’’

    Following the announcements, Zeytinoğlu suggested possible steps to be taken regarding the relationship between Turkey and Germany:

     “It is very useful to organize a summit meeting to bring President Erdogan and Prime Minister Merkel together immediately after the elections in Germany. Such a Summit, which would ensure that the two sides communicate with each other at the highest level; might also form the initial step for a common roadmap. As a critical dimension of bilateral relations, enhancing and strengthening the interaction between the business world, civil society and universities will be supportive and stimulating in terms of sustainable relations between Turkey and Germany. At this point we will continue to act our supportive role as IKV. Through publications, research, seminars and meetings we will continue to reach out the EU and Member States such as Germany.’’

    “Turkey Could Become a Balance Factor in the Future of the EU.”

    “The position of the new government in Germany is also critical for the future scenarios of the post-Brexit EU. The consolidation of a strong French-German alliance with President Macron in France will be decisive in terms of the future of the EU, which might lose power with the Britain’s withdrawal. In this new architecture of Europe, Turkey should take its place in the EU's future plans as a balance factor. For this, we should accelerate the economic, political and social reforms and stimulate the EU process in the direction of EU values ??as soon as possible.”

     “We Should Consider Coming into Contact with Civil Society and the Business World More Closely to Improve Turkey’s Image”

    ‘’We understand that Turkey’s current image in German public opinion is problematic. Within such environment, it is also difficult for the German government to take positive steps towards Turkey. Therefore NGOs have an important task to improve relations between the two sides. As IKV, we plan to be carry out some activities improving Turkey’s image and Turkey’s clarity among German media and the public. To start with, we would be organizing round tables with civil society and think tanks representatives.’’

    SEPTEMBER 2017: WE RESENT THE UTILIZATION OF TURKEY’S EU ACCESSION TALKS AS A RHETORICAL ISSUE IN THE GERMAN ELECTION CAMPAIGN

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu condemned the fact that Turkey’s EU accession process has been used as a propaganda tool within the German political campaign ahead of the general elections. Furthermore, Zeytinoğlu indicated that the declarations realised by both the leaders of the CDU and SPD parties in the context of a TV debate regarding their support for the termination of Turkey’s EU accession negotiations are utterly wrong. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu noted that Turkey’s EU accession negotiations are not with solely Germany but with 28 (27 following Brexit) Member States and these very negotiations are being managed in full respect to the EU’s institutional identity:

    “I would like to take this opportunity to say that I found profoundly odd the fact that the various leaders of the main political parties in Germany are expressing their commitment to stop accession negotiations between Turkey and the EU in the context of the general elections in Germany. This approach is not only unsettling for Turkey but for the other 27 EU Member States as well. German politicians and Chancellor Merkel first and foremost seem to imply that they are the boss of the EU which is in sheer contradiction with the principles of equality and democracy uphold by the EU.  Indeed, one should remind at this juncture that the decision to stop accession negotiations with Turkey can only be taken by the Member States through qualified majority. Germany is not the sole decision maker in that respect”.

    Moreover, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also referred to later statements of Merkel regarding the necessity to open channels of communication and dialogue with Turkey open and he underscored that such an approach is indeed the correct one to pursue. Zeytinoğlu indicated that such statements lose importance when put in contrast with those of the previous day. In that light, he called upon both the EU and Germany to adopt a more coherent position in their respective relations with Turkey:

     “Yesterday’s statements by Chancellor Merkel where she highlighted the importance of dialogue between the parties are satisfactory. Nonetheless, one should note that the fact that such contradictory statements have been realised in such a short span of time shows a rather inconsistent approach towards Turkey. Indeed, the statement by Chancellor Merkel that “Turkey should not become an EU Member” is profoundly unfortunate. One should further note that before Merkel actually came to power, in 2005, she had already uttered statements expressing her opposition to Turkey’s EU membership, thus one can add that it is debatable to what extent she has conducted a fair and objective towards Turkey. It is of utmost importance that the political conflicts in Germany should not further overshadow the EU. The EU should pursue an open door policy towards candidate countries within the framework of their obligation of abiding by the Copenhagen criteria. This is what one should expect from a global power. In the opposite case, one can argue that the EU would become less effective and influential and it could be said that this would lead to negative results for the EU, its neighbourhood and global politics as well”.

    AUGUST 2017: WE STRONGLY CONDEMN THE TERRORIST ATTACK WHICH TOOK PLACE IN BARCELONA

    We strongly condemn the terrorist attack which took place in Barcelona as we lament and oppose all forms of terror. Whether it is a suicide bomber or a truck or car, the target of all these heinous attacks is always innocent people and societies and to destroy their security and fundamental liberties. It is of utmost importance for all states to work in strong and effective cooperation in order to prevent such attacks. We urge all institutions, such as the UN and the EU, to give primary attention to the fight against terrorism and to take all the necessary measures in order to effectively prevent such attacks.

    Ayhan Zeytinoğlu 
    IKV Chairman

     

    AUGUST 2017: CHANCELLOR MERKEL’S STATEMENT ON THE CUSTOMS UNION IS UNFORTUNATE

    As IKV, we would like to indicate that the latest declaration by German Chancellor Angela Merkel with respect to the impossibility of modernising the Customs Union is an unfortunate statement.

    As it is known, in last December, the European Commission had requested a mandate from the EU Council in order to move forward and start the negotiations with respect to the modernisation of the Customs Union. Indeed, in order for the negotiations to begin, the Commission needs a mandate of the Council in order to have the authority to launch the negotiations. This is not a decision taken by Germany alone but constitutes a common approach and decision of the Council as a whole. We would like to take this opportunity to stress that the current approach that Germany has shown with respect to its bilateral relations with Turkey along with its decision to use the Customs Union which represents an important area for further progress in Turkey-EU relations as leverage represents an approach which is incompatible with the traditional historical and cultural bonds between our two countries. One should not omit that the modernisation of the Customs Union will be beneficial for both Turkey and the EU.

    From that perspective, the decision to use the issue of opening to negotiations the modernisation of the Customs Union as a tool of blackmail is an utterly wrong policy decision.

    Ayhan Zeytinoğlu 
    IKV Chairman

     

    JULY 2017: EP RESOLUTION RECOMMENDING THE SUSPENSION OF ACCESSION NEGOTIATIONS COULD HARM THE RELATIONS FURTHER

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu evaluated the EP’s Turkey report which was approved today with 477 votes to 64, stating that the report was far from displaying a coherent and constructive approach towards Turkey.

    The 2016 Turkey report prepared by MEP Kati Piri which had first been discussed at the Committee on Foreign Affairs (AFET) and approved today at the Plenary meeting recommended that in the event that the constitutional amendments were implemented unchanged,  accession negotiations with Turkey should be formally suspended.

    Furthermore, the report also underscores that the constitutional amendments are not in line with the Copenhagen criteria in terms of separation of powers, balance and monitoring system and preconizes the launch of a reinforced cooperation process which would be mutually beneficial instead of the current accession negotiations.

    Assessing the resolution of the EP with respect to the suspension of accession negotiations with Turkey, Chairman Zeytinoğlu first of all stressed that it did not represent a binding decision and further highlighted that suspending negotiations would result in tremendous damage to Turkey-EU relations:

    “It is of utmost importance to note that in order to full advance in issues criticised by the EP such as democracy, human rights, fundamental freedoms and rule of law and for Turkey to progress in these areas and in order to be fully in line with European values, the most effective method would be to open Chapters 23 and 24 within the framework of the accession negotiations. An effective and credible negotiation process is the most efficient way in enabling the necessary rapprochement between Turkey and the EU”.

    “The report represents the opinion of the Parliament. The ultimate decision-making organ with regard to the fate of Turkey’s accession negotiations is the Council of the EU where the governments of the Member States are represented”. 

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu also indicated that the EP report does not have a binding nature with respect to EU institutions and that the decision-making body with respect to negotiations with Turkey remains the EU Council. Moreover, Zeytinoğlu further noted that at this particular juncture, there has not been any credible proposal to suspend negotiations with Turkey within the framework of the agenda of the Council:

    “This report only reflects the opinion of the Parliament and does not bind the other EU institutions. As such, the decision to suspend negotiations concretely can only be taken upon a proposal from the Commission (or 1/3 of member States) by the Council. Under the current circumstances, this seems extremely difficult. In order for the Council to suspend negotiations with Turkey, it would take a decision at qualified majority and as it stands, there is no such majority within the Member States to follow such a course of action”. 

    JULY 2017: WE CALL GERMAN OFFICIALS TO ACT WITH CARE WITH TURKEY

    Last days, a provocative installation portraying our president was exhibited in front of the German Federal Chancellorship, which showed an act of carelessness and disrespect towards the Republic of Turkey.

    We would like to take this opportunity to indicate that such an installation which includes violence towards our president is a provocative move. As a civil society organisation, we strongly condemn this act and call upon German officials to act with care when faced with such actions which clearly go beyond the limits of freedom of expression and which deliberately target the political leader of a friendly and allied country.

    Relations between Turkey and Germany are well rooted in history and include economic, social, political and military bonds. Our two countries are both allies within the framework of NATO and there are approximately 3.5 million people of Turkish descent living in Germany, contributing to German society and economy. Moreover, our two countries are actively cooperating on a wide range of issues and have intense trade relations with fruitful investments. One of the most visible examples of this cooperation is undoubtedly the compromise reached between the EU and Turkey and of which Germany significantly contributed with respect to the refugee crisis. From the fight against international terrorism to the control of migration flows to issues pertaining to competition, Turkey is a leading and reliable partner for Germany.

    Taking into account these considerations, we do hope that both parties will pursue close cooperation within the framework of a spirit of mutual respect.

    Ayhan Zeytinoğlu
    IKV Chairman

    JUNE 2017: IKV DISCUSSED THE FUTURE OF TURKEY-EU RELATIONS IN BERLIN

    IKV, Sabancı University, Istanbul Policy Center and German Institute for International and Security Affairs organised a meeting in Berlin on 23 June 2017. In the meeting where senior bureaucrats, experts and academicians attended, the latest developments in the economic and political relations of Turkey and the EU, prospects of improvement in terms of security cooperation and rising populist movements within the EU along with its effects upon the future of EU integration were thoroughly discussed.

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu realised an opening where he referred to the meeting which took place on 25 May between President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and top EU officials. He indicated that the meeting opened a path in order to restore relations between the parties with new perspectives for further cooperation. Moreover, Zeytinoğlu underscored that issues such as the upcoming negotiations regarding the modernisation of the Customs Union, the completion of the Visa Liberalisation Dialogue, the continuation of refugee cooperation along with boosting mechanisms such as high level dialogues are of utmost importance to enhance existing relations and to develop them at a more significant level.

    As such, Zeytinoğlu indicated that the extension of the Customs Union to areas such as agriculture, services and public procurement would contribute in an increase of growth of approximately 25% in terms of exports and 1.9% in terms of GDP.

    Moreover, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu referred to the importance of completing the Visa Liberalisation process as soon as possible along with the negotiations pertaining to the modernisation of the Customs Union. He went on to explain that the visa requirement is not only a physical obstacle but also a psychological barrier as it undermines the Europeanisation process of Turkish citizens.  

    Nonetheless, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu emphasised that along with these issues, the most important topic is the further improvement of accession negotiations and underlined the necessity to safeguard the full membership goal:

    “The only thing which may ensure Turkey’s place within the framework of the EU decision-making process is full membership. Issues in bilateral relations, internal problems within the EU and growing populism have led to the loosening of the effect of the goal of full membership. However, getting rid of cyclical problems and boosting relations in line with the aim of full membership will lead to a win-win situation for both parties. In a period where the EU has been shattered as a result of the Brexit process, one can say that Turkey’s accession will strengthen the EU from the economic and political perspective and contribute positively to Turkey’s reform and development processes”.

    Finally, Zeytinoğlu touched upon German-Turkish relations. Indicating that up to 3 million people of Turkish origin live in Germany, he stressed that this presence represents an important social and cultural bridge between the two countries. He pointed out that there are 96,000 Turkish entrepreneurs in Germany and these entrepreneurs provide employment to 500,000 people and he reminded that it contributes to the German economy with an annual turnover of approximately 50 billion euros. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also pointed out that with a total of 25 billion euros in terms of trade volume between the two countries, Germany represents the first recipient of Turkish exports with a ratio of 9.8 and he also underscored the important role played by German companies in Turkey which number above 6,800.

    “Germany is a leading partner within the EU for us.  Currently, the restoration of our relations in economic, commercial and social terms will contribute in putting our relations to a healthier basis and enable further cooperation in common goals for both parties”.

    JUNE 2017: WE STRONGLY CONDEMN THE TERRORIST ATTACK WHICH TOOK PLACE IN LONDON

    The terrorist attacks that took place in two different spots in London have been the second terror attack in London before June 8th elections. Recently, the number of terror attacks such as driving van or truck on people and attacking to people with the knife as in the last attack are increased. Compared to other attacks, it is harder to receive information about these kind of attacks because it does not require any preliminary preparation. The only way to prevent these attacks is to determine the people at the risk of a terrorist attack and monitor the movement of these people closely including their international movement and connection to organisations. This emphasises the importance of international cooperation in counter-terrorism one more time.

    Another striking point in terrorist attacks that took place especially in West Europe is that terrorists grew up in European countries and are familiar to language and culture of these countries. One of the fundamental goals of these terrorists in the attacks is to destroy themselves with nihilist impulses while destroying and damaging the lifestyles, cultural heritage and societies that they were raised in. This situation puts forward that counter-terrorism should not only be analysed from security perspective but also from psychosociological perspective and it is required to create a comprehensive strategy including education systems, social and migrant policies.

    As in the every kind of terrorist attack, we strongly condemn this terror attack and state that we are in solidarity with victims, their relatives, people and countries who suffer from terror.

    Ayhan Zeytinoğlu
    IKV Chairman

     

    MAY 2017: DIALOGUE AND TRUST CAN MAKE THE RELATIONS MORE PRODUCTIVE FOR BOTH SIDES

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu evaluated Turkey-EU relations after the meetings that took place between President Erdoğan and EU authorities on 25 May. Stating that this is an important step towards normalising the relations that has been deteriorating after the 15th of July and getting through crisis before the referendum, Chairman Zeytinoğlu pointed out that this highest level face to face meeting may be effective for providing bilateral trust and dialogue.

    “We left behind the period that we faced important difficulties in our relations with the EU. The issues are not over yet but it is seen that there is a consensus for putting bilateral relations back on track after the referendum in Turkey. Besides the NATO summit, President Erdoğan’s meetings with President of the European Commission Juncker, President of the European Council Tusk, President of the European Parliament Tajani along with French President Macron and German Chancellor Merkel are very crucial for expressing problems and approaches face to face and bilaterally. Following this, we expect a fast progress towards normalisation in bilateral relations” said IKV Chairman.

    “Turkey maintains its critical importance for Europe’s security”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu emphasised that Turkey is critical country not only for the EU but also for Europe and excluding Turkey from institutions of the EU will make a lot of problems impossible to solve:

    “Recently Turkey has been subjected to pressure not only from the EU or some Member States but also in institutions that she is a member of like OSCE and Council of Europe. No doubt that Turkey’s progress towards EU’s norm and values is important not only for Europe but also for Turkey’s stability and development. Today, Turkey’s contribution for solutions to problems that Europe is facing is crucial. Turkey’s participation and cooperation in economy and migration as well as in defense and security is very critical. Turkey’s contribution will play an important role towards fighting against terrorist organisations and NATO’s participation regarding this along with the efforts for collaboration in defense that gained currency in the framework of reform agenda after EU’s Brexit decision. It is necessary to look at the relations with Turkey from the perspective of Europe’s security and common defense.”

    “Membership must remain on the agenda; on the short term the update of the Customs Union could revive the relations”

    The IKV Chairman finally pointed to the need for a roadmap for the future of relations and suggested the acceleration of the process of updating the Customs Union without any deviation from the aim of membership:

    “Bilateral relations have gone through hard times in 2017. The referendum in Turkey and the elections in leading countries in the EU such as France and Germany led to a rise in tension on both sides. However, it is now time to plan the future of relations.

    In order to revitalise the EU process the measures to be taken in the first place may be: the continuation of regular summit meetings between the two sides, the visa liberalisation process, the acceleration of the steps towards resolution of the Cyprus issue, the opening of Chapters 23 and 24 which contain the issues of immigration, free movement, justice and judiciary in negotiations and bringing forward the clauses foreseen in the refugee consensus. For the development of economic relations it is necessary to focus on to start negotiations without delay of the update of the customs union with the purpose of membership in the long term. In this way with the expansion of the Customs Union into new areas such as agriculture, services and public procurement it would be possible to develop a more efficient functioning of a customs union relationship. Besides increasing access to the EU single market, improving the position of Turkey in the European production chains, increasing the value added production and developing compliance with EU norms and standards will trigger structural reforms and will lead Turkey to exit from the middle income market. I hope this process will be an anchor for the reforms of democratic and rule of law criteria.”

    MAY 2017: WE STRONGLY CONDEMN THE TERRORIST ATTACK WHICH TOOK PLACE IN MANCHESTER

    The terrorist attack which took place in the British city of Manchester is the latest tragic event in a long series of attacks. Terror is one of the most serious issues of our time. No matter where terrorism comes from or where it emerges, it is imperative that all governments take a strong stance in confronting this scourge. We invite the EU as well as organisations such as the UN to take swift measures against terrorism and form a common front.

    Ayhan ZEYTİNOĞLU         
    IKV Chairman

     

    MAY 2017: 9 MAY EUROPE DAY IN LIGHT OF THE RESULTS OF THE FRENCH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement regarding 9 May Europe Day in light of the latest developments in the EU.

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that the European integration project is a success story regardless of the current difficulties and discrepancies and stressed that it constitutes a model to be emulated by both its member states and candidate states. Furthermore, he noted that it is of utmost importance to take certain lessons in that respect:

    “Each year, we are celebrating on 9 May Europe Day. As IKV and the EU Information Centre, we have envisaged reinvigorating the “European ideal” through a series of conferences, concerts and other events on the week of the 9 May.  Undoubtedly, today’s Union is one which is faced with economic, institutional and political crises and which is in dire need of reforms. Nonetheless, one should note that if we go back from 9 May 1950 with the Monnet Memorandum till today, we can say that the EU constitutes a success story. If we had to summarise with one phrase this success, one can say that the EU has succeeded in reconstructing a continent which was shattered following the Second World War and contributed in fostering relations based on understanding and mutual interests, thus enhancing peace and democracy in the continent. It is of critical importance for the EU to take renewed steps in order to protect these opportunities and accelerate reforms”.

    Moreover, Chairman Zeytinoğlu alluded to the second tour of the French presidential election which saw the victory of centrist candidate Emmanuel Macron with more than 65% and stressed that it should be assessed as a positive development:

    “The threat of the far right was in one of the leader countries of the EU France’s current affairs for a certain period. In the event of the success of far right candidate Marine Le Pen in the presidential elections, it would have shaken not only France but the EU as a whole. Thus, one can say that the fact that presidential elections have been concluded with the victory of centrist candidate Emmanuel Macron with 65% constitutes a positive and encouraging development. In light of the general elections in Germany in September, one can say that the victory of Macron in France would further enhance the possibility for much needed reforms for the EU the next 5 years. In the event that these reforms are not realised thoroughly in this period, the risk of an even more enhanced populist wave is not to exclude. Indeed, the EU needs to take concrete steps regarding economic growth, financial union, and democratic legitimacy and further strengthen solidarity and harmonisation between the member states. Otherwise, one can expect that anti-EU populist movements would probably further flourish. In any case, the clear and swift election victory of Emmanuel Macron constitutes an important achievement for all progressive forces in favour of European integration”.

    Finally, Chairman Zeytinoğlu gave his reflections regarding the future of the EU and Turkey’s perspective in that respect:

    “Our country has favoured the path of European integration since its first application in 1959. Undoubtedly, the Association Agreement, Customs Union, candidate status and the launch of accession negotiations represented important milestones in order to attain this objective of full integration. One should note that our relations with the EU which have always had both ups and downs have arrived to a critical juncture at this particular moment. Indeed, although the future of negotiations with the EU is uncertain, the EU anchor is of critical importance for the EU for our country in terms of attaining EU standards in a variety of domains such as the environment, social rights among many others. Furthermore, if one takes into consideration the role of the EU in terms of our trade volume and foreign direct investments, it is of utmost importance to put our relations back in track as it would benefit both parties in that respect”.

    Ayhan ZEYTİNOĞLU
    IKV Chairman

    APRIL 2017: A TURKEY WITHOUT EUROPE AND A EUROPE WITHOUT TURKEY IS INCONCEIVABLE

    The report published by the Monitoring Committee of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) entitled “The functioning of democratic institutions in Turkey” and which recommended placing Turkey under political monitoring was discussed at PACE General Assembly on 25 April 2017. In that context, the draft resolution including the abovementioned recommendations was adopted by 113 to 45 votes.

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu reacted to the decision of PACE in a written statement. Indicating that Turkey is a founding member of the Council of Europe,

    Zeytinoğlu also added that Turkey played a critical role within the framework of an international order which was set up following the end of the Second World War and which was re-organised after the end of the Cold War. He pursued his words as follows:

    “Our country is a founding member of the Council of Europe. As such, it is a party to the European Convention on Human Rights and all other Council of Europe regulations which are based on European values. It is very disappointing to see that Turkey has been placed under political monitoring once again after 13 years with the contention that it is not abiding by such values”.

    Reminding that Turkey had been under political monitoring of the Council of Europe between 1996 and 2004, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu underscored that the reforms which were realised within the framework of the EU accession process contributed greatly to the ending of the political monitoring process for Turkey at that time.  As such, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu added the following:

    “In the EU accession process, which began in 1999 and brought together the opening of accession negotiations in 2005, significant reforms were carried out in accordance with the Copenhagen criteria. These reforms not only allowed Turkey to be removed from the political monitoring mechanism of the Council of Europe, but also enabled it to become a rising country, which the international community has respected for its increasing stability and prosperity and which investors regarded as reliable. Turkey's EU anchor has always led to positive gains. Today, democracy, the rule of law and human rights need to be returned to the reform process”.

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu pointed out that Turkey is currently assessed within the context of the post-monitoring dialogue process and he further underlined the fact that it will be one of the members under the monitoring procedure together with Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Ukraine, Moldova and the Russian Federation.

    Finally, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu recalled that the process following the political developments and the referendum in Turkey will be discussed in the European Parliament on 26 April and that the EU Foreign Ministers are expected to evaluate the negotiations process at the Gymnich meeting of the foreign ministers on 28-29 April. As such, he called upon European countries not to take decisions that will have the impact of excluding Turkey further from the European family.   

    Moreover, Zeytinoğlu stated that it is unacceptable and unfeasible to exclude Turkey from Europe and European institutions and he continued as follows:

    “Throughout history we have seen that Turkey is an integral part of Europe. Today, this is still a very true affirmation. The fact that the EU has been blocking membership negotiations for political reasons has led to the lack of credibility of the membership perspective. It is of utmost importance for Europe and European organisations such as the CoE and the EU to adopt a  constructive, fair and unbiased approach towards Turkey rather than an exclusionary rhetoric, is not only important for Turkey, but it also holds critical importance for the security and welfare of Europe. The important role that Turkey played in the refugee crisis following the Syrian civil war is testimony to Turkey’s critical place in the protection of European borders. I hope that institutions such as the European Parliament, Commission and the EU Council will take a constructive approach towards Turkey, displaying a visionary perspective which will encourage reforms in Turkey.”

    APRIL 2017: IKV PRESS RELEASE REGARDING THE REFERENDUM RESULTS

    According to the results released regarding yesterday’s referendum, constitutional amendments leading the way to a presidential system have been adopted with a 51.4% approval rate. We wish these results to be beneficial for all our country and people.

    With the results of this referendum, Turkey has decided to switch to a new political system. In this new system, the executive competences will be concentrated in the office of the Presidency. We hope that this new system will prove to be successful in the progress of our country in accordance with the principle of good governance. Furthermore, we do hope that in this new period which awaits our country, profound divisions and polarisation within our people will be overcome within the framework of the aim of increasing the prosperity and development of our country and in an environment of pluralist democracy and rule of law.

    At this particular juncture, it is of utmost importance for our country to strive to advance its growth and development without delay. In this new period, we would like to stress the critical importance of accelerating political and economic reforms towards meeting our goal of EU membership which has been pursued by consecutive governments for 58 years. As a candidate country, one should recollect that our country has achieved important steps towards meeting that goal. The agreement regarding the refugee crisis which was reached last year with the EU and the reforms which have been realised towards meeting the goal of visa liberalisation for Turkish citizens are some examples of Turkey’s efforts in this regard. Along with the completion of the visa liberalisation process, we would like to take this opportunity to highlight the importance of taking all the necessary steps regarding the modernisation of the Customs Union, recognising that the EU represents our biggest trade partner.

    Ayhan ZEYTİNOĞLU
    IKV Chairman 

     

    MART 2017: THE EU IS SEARCHING FOR ITS FUTURE AT ITS 60TH ANNIVERSARY

    The 60th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome which created the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), thus forming the European Union (EU) was celebrated in Rome by the 27 leaders of the EU, who signed a declaration with respect to the current situation and future prospects for the EU. In the declaration, the EU leaders indicated that in the next ten years, they vow to make the Union more secure, stronger and resilient, competitive, sustainable and with a social responsibility and upholding a key role in the world.  Furthermore, the leaders stated that they are keeping the door open for European countries willing to join them which are respectful of EU values.

    In this very special day for all of Europe, “Turkey’s EU Expert” IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu assessed this issue. Zeytinoğlu pointed out that the Union is building a new future for itself at a critical juncture because of the United Kingdom’s decision to withdraw from the EU and growing anti-EU movements which are further destabilising the Union and jeopardising its future. Moreover, he underscored that more than ever; the EU is in dire need of a true political union.

    “Regardless of all difficulties, the EU is a success story”

    “60 years ago, when the Treaty of Rome was signed between the 6 founding members of the Union, the leaders had the objective of building a new Europe following the destruction which wreaked havoc across Europe after the Second World War. Indeed, the only viable solution for a Europe which had been divided by the Iron Curtain during the Cold War by the two superpowers was to unite together. This Union passed through a variety of steps, crises and difficulties before arriving to its current situation. It is of utmost importance to stress that the EU has and continues to constitute a peace project for the entire world and that its integration process has been emulated abroad.  The EU is the world’s single largest trade bloc. Strong EU Single Market is indeed a leader in terms of exports with above 5.8 trillion euros. This represents 2.5 times that of China and 3 times the amount of exports of the United States. Furthermore, the EU is the primary trade partner of 80 countries across the world including Turkey”.

    “As the EU is struggling with multiple problems, more than ever, the time has come to strengthen the Union”

    As Zeytinoğlu was pursuing his declaration, he indicated that, in contrast with true successes in the fields of economics and trade, the EU has not been as successful with respect to forging a long lasting political union and highlighted the need for more reform in that respect. Nonetheless, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also went on to explain that an EU which can uphold with honesty its values  and which is stronger and more united in terms of foreign policy, defence and security can be more effective in the world:

    “Undoubtedly, the EU is currently facing with a variety of issues which are difficult to resolve and which do not have easy solutions. These are, notably, the necessity to further organise the Eurozone, strengthen and integrate its foreign policy, implement a common and sustainable policy with respect to the migration crisis, accelerate economic growth as well enhance social rights. It is of utmost importance for the EU and its Member States to show consistency and solidarity in order to effectively tackle such issues thoroughly. However, when one takes a closer look at EU Member States at this particular moment, one can clearly see mounting anti-EU and populist movements, with notably some far-right parties increasing their presence among the respective political scenes. This, unfortunately, has led the EU to favour short-term and visionless policies with respect to the migration crisis, also thus putting into jeopardy its very own values. Indeed, the UK’s decision to withdraw from the EU can be seen as a symptom of a general weakening of the EU. In order for the EU to tackle these weaknesses, it needs to pursue its reforms and enhance its political union. Moreover, one should note that the US led by President Donald J. Trump which has indicated the possibility for his nation to review relations with its European partners within NATO and his vision to put South-Eastern Asia at the centre of his global political ambitions can lead the EU to become less vocal and thus show for it the necessity to strengthen and enhance its capabilities in terms of foreign and defence policies”.

    “Only an EU which upholds its values can constitute a vision for Turkey in its future”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also referred to the Rome Declaration which was made public as a result of the 60th Anniversary of the EU. In that respect, he went on to explain that it was a source of hope that EU leaders have expressed their willingness to strengthen the EU in terms of unity and solidarity:

    “Within the Rome Declaration, the leaders have expressed the following: “Taken individually, we would be side-lined by global dynamics. Standing together is our best chance to influence them, and to defend our common interests and values. We will act together, at different paces and intensity where necessary, while moving in the same direction, as we have done in the past, in line with the Treaties and keeping the door open to those want to join later”. These are important words and I do hope that the EU would pursue with such a vision in the future. Indeed, for many EU countries, the only viable alternative is a stronger and more integrated Europe and for Europe to be more and more successful, further devotion and responsibility is needed”.

    Finally, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu referred to Turkey-EU relations and added the following in that respect:

    “Lately, one can see that disillusionment and disappointment has increased in Turkey regarding the EU as a result of the perception of a dishonest and excluding Union. Indeed, many of citizens believe that Turkey has been faced with injustice and that unfair practice and blockages have created hurdles regarding Turkey’s EU accession negotiations process. The EU has lost the opportunity to integrate Turkey but it is critical to stress that Turkey’s contribution regarding the migration crisis as well as security issues is of utmost importance for the EU. First and foremost, one should remind that Turkey plays an indispensable role for the security of Europe. The EU still has a chance to improve its relations with the EU and put them back in track. However, one should say that only an EU which respects and upholds its own values and which pursues an honest and open policy can offer a credible vision for candidate countries such as Turkey. We do wish that such a vision would be promoted and defended by EU leaders at this historical juncture”.

    MARCH 2017: WHAT DOES THE BRITISH APPLICATION FOR LEAVING THE EU MEAN?

    The letter which acts the formal decision to withdrawal from the EU of the United Kingdom, signed by British Prime Minister Theresa May, was officially presented to EU Council President Donald Tusk today. This application thus officially launches the process of withdrawing from EU membership and is planned to last for 2 years. IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu released a statement on this issue:

    “In Britain, 52% of the people voted to leave the EU in a referendum held last June. Today there has been a significant development in the process. With the signature of British Prime Minister Theresa May, the letter initiating the process of withdrawal from membership was presented to EU Council President Donald Tusk. The process is expected to last for 2 years, but the extension is also probable. There will be a tough negotiating process.”

    In the negotiations, the toughest subject will be the free movement of people and settlement rights”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that negotiations are expected to be very difficult and the EU is committed not to provide convenience to Britain:

    “The UK aims to reach an agreement which would allow access to the EU Single Market, despite the fact that it will leave the Union. In the negotiations, one of the toughest subjects will be the free movement of people and settlement rights. The limitation over the right of British citizens to settle in the EU and the restriction on their freedom to provide services may lead to significant losses regarding the services sector. If Britain does not recognise the same rights for EU citizens, it is difficult for them to obtain these rights for their own citizens in the EU market. One of the most controversial and challenged topics in the EU's exit referendum in Britain was the issue of the presence of 3.2 million EU citizens living and working in Britain, most of them from Eastern Europe. Far-right politicians, such as UKIP leader Nigel Farage, have carried this topic to the agenda during the “Leave” campaign and suggested further restrictions regarding EU immigrants. Freedom of movement, settlement and services provision, in this regard, is seen as the primary topics expected to be the hardest. The EU is determined not to concede to Britain in this regard, because envisaging a new advantageous model for Britain may also be appealing for some Member States and this may trigger further departures from membership."

    Moreover, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also recalled that the Brexit process brought Scotland's independence demands back to the agenda and stated that the Scottish Parliament had taken a decision to hold a new referendum on independence. Together with the Brexit process, independence demands are expected to be heard more and more frequently despite the necessity of the British government’s permit for referendum.

    "Turkey Must Also Determine Its Position in the New EU"

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that the process should also be carefully monitored and analysed by Turkey:

    “While Britain is in the process of leaving the EU, the Union is also redefining its future. Five scenarios were put forward in the White Paper regarding the future of the Union presented by the Commission this month. According to these scenarios, the EU may continue as it is now; it may return to common market identity by stopping integration; it may develop a multi-layered integration model; it may continue the integration through selected policies or it may steer for a federal model by accelerating integration. As Britain's withdrawal from the EU is being negotiated, these issues will be addressed and the structure of the post-Brexit EU will be clarified. For Turkey, which has close links with the EU and is still a candidate country, it is extremely important to follow these developments closely. The EU is our first trade partner and two thirds of foreign direct investment in Turkey originates from EU countries. Furthermore, EU countries are hosting almost 6 million immigrants from Turkey. The EU represents an important governance model in many different areas, from social security to law, from consumer rights to immigration management for a candidate country as Turkey. From all these perspectives, the way the EU will go and the way it will take shape will be decisive in terms of Turkey's future plans. If the EU is institutionalised with a multi-layered and multi-speed structure, Turkey will have to adapt its EU perspective to these developments.”

    Finally, referring to the issue of EU defence and Turkey’s hypothetical role in that respect, Zeytinoğlu stated that the EU would lose significant power with Britain leaving the Union:

    "Britain is a major political force and its withdrawal from the EU will be a loss in terms of the Union’s defence capabilities. If we look at the EU's developing plans for creating a defence union, the role of Turkey in terms of EU security and defence is once again emerging.  This will become even more critical after an actor like Britain leaves the EU."

    MARCH 2017: VISA LIBERALISATION FOR ALL CITIZENS SHOULD BE A PRIORITY

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu reacted to the latest developments with respect to the visa liberalisation process between Turkey and the EU. Indeed, a decision was taken regarding the possibility of extending green passports to goods exporters with above 1 million dollars of export in the last 3 years. In that respect, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that it would be beneficial for exporters to be granted such an advantage:

    “We welcome the decision to grant green passports to exporters. Practically, this will facilitate their entry into major export markets such as the Schengen area”.

     “Visa-free access to the Schengen Area should be the basis for all Turkish citizens”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu also referred to the possibility of lifting visa requirements to the EU for short term journeys, reminding that half of Turkey’s exports are precisely realised towards that region. He underscored the critical importance of successfully completing the visa liberalisation dialogue with the EU, noting that the overarching objective is visa-free access to Europe for all Turkish citizens:

    “As a country which is candidate state to EU membership and which has a Customs Union with the EU, it is unacceptable that we are yet still faced by the visa obstacle whilst visiting EU countries. It is of utmost importance to remind that Turkey has completed significant progress in that respect within the framework of the Visa Liberalisation Dialogue with the EU which had been launched in 2013. Indeed, Turkey has already taken decisive steps and completed 65 out of the 72 criteria in that respect. Nonetheless, because of the current stalemate in trying to get a solution in the remaining criteria, the process has slowed down and the objective of visa-free access to the EU which we had hoped would be achieved last October was unfortunately not materialised. We are calling upon EU institutions to take the necessary steps within that framework without delay. However, we would like to take here this opportunity to remind that this may only be possible through a fruitful dialogue and with the resumption and acceleration of negotiations between the two parties”.

     “IKV will continue to follow the evolution of the objective of visa-free Europe”

    Indicating that IKV is a civil society organisation which had realised initiatives since the early 1980s when Germany was the first country to impose visa requirements upon Turkish citizens, Zeytinoğlu highlighted the unfairness of the visa requirements and underscored the importance of lifting such a requirement from the perspective of relations with the EU:

    “In a period where visa liberalisation is to be granted to countries such as Georgia and the Ukraine, we would like to take this opportunity to express our profound dissatisfaction with the continuation of the visa requirements upon Turkish citizens which we claim to be unfair. Indeed, more than ever, I do believe that both Turkey and the EU need a new success story which could be realised with the successful completion of the Visa Liberalisation Dialogue. At this juncture, it is of utmost importance to stress that the launch of the Turkey-EU Visa Liberalisation Dialogue represented a significant opportunity in order to enhance communication and cooperation between the parties in that particular area. Despite notable successes in terms of reforms, of the signature of the Readmission Agreement and cooperation with respect to the refugee crisis, unless this process is completed with visa liberalisation, one can say that it would unfortunately be insufficient”.

     “Visa requirement imposed upon Turkish citizens continues to create economic, political and human problems”

    “The latest figures revealed by the European Commission revealed that 900,789 applications for a Schengen visa were realised by Turkish citizens in 2015. Therefore, in the best scenario, it can be said that as a result of the Schengen visa requirement, there is an annual financial cost of above 54 million euros for Turkish citizens. In contrast, one should remind that the EU provided a budget between 1 and 8 million euros to 27 humanitarian assistance projects within the framework of cooperation between the parties with respect to the refugee crisis. In light of the amount of money spent for the Schengen visa by Turkish citizens; we can see that these funds are wasted as a result of an unfair measure such as visa regardless of the financial assistance granted to such humanitarian projects. Moreover, one can see that the visa requirement continues to create economic, political and human problems on a large scale”.

     “The visa conundrum can only be solved through constructive political on both sides”  

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also indicated that as a result of difficulties in the political environment, the visa liberalisation dialogue has slowed down and called upon a new discourse promoting cooperation between the parties:

    “Undoubtedly, the fact that the process has slowed down is linked to deterioration in the general political conjuncture. I do believe that thanks to renewed constructive political will on both sides and by favouring a spirit of cooperation, it would be possible to achieve concrete steps in solving the visa conundrum. However, in order to achieve this, it is critical for both parties to change the discourse. As such, it is important that the EU leaves a rather patronising approach and acts within the framework of modern techniques of negotiations by taking into consideration the societal sensitivities of the other side. As for the Turkish side, it should leave the current climate of reform fatigue and renew a new period of intense reforms with new steps towards meeting the goal of visa liberalisation”.


    Ayhan ZEYTİNOĞLU
    IKV Chairman

     

    MARCH 2017: THE DIPLOMATIC CRISIS BETWEEN TURKEY AND THE NETHERLANDS SHOULD BE RESOLVED WITHOUT FURTHER DELAY

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu reacted to the approach of the Netherlands to Turkish officials in a written statement. Zeytinoğlu criticised the approach of the Dutch authorities and called upon the parties to take the necessary steps in order to tackle the ongoing diplomatic crisis and wished that no further damage would be done to bilateral relations: 

    “The fact that the Dutch authorities have refused our Minister of Foreign Affairs to hold his meeting and rejected entry of our Minister of Family and Social Policies will constitute a dark page in the history of our bilateral relations. Whereas this issue could have been solved through diplomatic channels, the fact that it raised such unnecessary tension shows that the Dutch authorities have managed this issue inadequately. One should note that the Dutch authorities have adopted such a stance in light of the upcoming general elections which will be held on 15 March 2017 in the Netherlands and as a populist approach to further avert the rise of far right leader Geert Wilders. Instead of showing heroic steps in face of such unfortunate developments, it is of utmost importance to favour diplomatic and legal channels in order to solve the situation appropriately”. 

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also pointed to the importance of bilateral relations between the Netherlands and Turkey and expressed his wish that the relations would be improved as soon as possible: 

    “Bilateral relations between the Netherlands and Turkey are going back to 1612 when the Ottoman Empire had sent its first ambassador to the Netherlands. Both countries are members of NATO and the Council of Europe. The Netherlands is home to approximately 400,000 people of Turkish origin. In 2016, Turkey realised imports from the Netherlands of approximately 3 billion dollars and increased its exports there to 3.6 billion dollars. Furthermore, one should note that Dutch firms are among the first in terms of foreign direct investment (FDI) to Turkey with a total share of 15.8%. Indeed, there are currently about 2,500 Dutch firms operating in Turkey and in contrast, there are approximately 23,000 entrepreneurs of Turkish origin in the Netherlands. It is our wish that bilateral relations between two important allies such as the Netherlands and Turkey would be improved as soon as possible”. 

    Ayhan ZEYTİNOĞLU
    IKV Chairman 

    MARCH 2017: MESSAGE REGARDING THE INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S DAY

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu reacted to the 8th March International Women’s Day and highlighted the critical importance of gender equality in Turkey’s EU accession process and in further advancing in women’s rights.

    Zeytinoğlu pursued his words as follows: “I would like to hereby celebrate the International Women’s Day and hope that in the world and in Turkey, gender equality will be further advanced, issues such as violence against women, poverty and discrimination will be solved in the future. According to the Global Gender Gap Report published by the World Economic Forum in 2016, Turkey ranks as 130th among 144 countries with respect to gender equality. Furthermore, it is revealed that among 25 of the most advanced countries in the world regarding gender equality, 13 are EU Member States”.

    As such, and by giving some figures on gender equality in both the EU and Turkey, Zeytinoğlu underscored that there is still a long path for Turkey in order to increase women’s representation in politics and the economy.

    Women’s employment rate

    EU: 62.3%

    Turkey: 33.1%

    Gender representation on corporate board of directors

    EU: 22.7%

    Turkey: 14.2%

    Rate of women executives

    EU: 23%

    Turkey: 12%

    Proportion of seats held by women in parliaments

    EU: 28.5%

    Turkey: 14.5%

    Proportion of seats held by women in governments

    EU: 27.4%

    Turkey: 3.7%

    MARCH 2017: WE SHOULD TAKE OUR PLACE IN A MULTI-LAYERED EU

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu reacted to the issue of the future of the EU: Indeed, Chairman of Turkey’s EU Expert IKV Ayhan Zeytinoğlu reacted to the scenarios which are putting on the table the new dimensions in which the EU may evolve following Brexit:

    In his “State of the Union” speech at the European Parliament, European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker revealed extensive information with respect to the new “White Paper” published by the Commission on the EU’s future following Brexit and underscored the possible 5 scenarios as such.

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu assessed as follows these respective scenarios:

    “The 60th Anniversary of the Treaty of Rome which founded the European Economic Community (EEC) will be celebrated on 25 March 2017. However, it is noteworthy to say that this celebration will be performed in a rather sour atmosphere. Indeed, one should recollect that the British people had voted last June in favour of leaving the EU. As such, many are expecting the British government to invoke Article 50 of the Treaty of Lisbon in the upcoming days which represents the legal basis in order for a member state to proceed with the withdrawal from the Union. This would effectively mean that the EU will continue its own path with 27 member states. Along with the Brexit process, it is of utmost importance to highlight the challenge which growing far right and populist movements from the Netherlands to France and countries such as Poland and Hungary breaking away from EU values represent for the future of the EU”.

    “The EU has advanced rapidly in a very short amount of time. This has led to problems regarding absorption and alignment”:

    Indicating that the EU is at a very important crossroads with respect to its own future, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stressed that the report which had been prepared by the Commission would be first and foremost evaluated by the leaders of all member states which would later constitute a basis for the beginning of a period of discussion regarding the future of the EU. Furthermore, Zeytinoğlu followed his words by highlighting that this period of transformation for the EU is also of critical concern for a candidate country such as Turkey:

    “In his speech at the European Parliament, European Commission President Juncker revealed the latest White Paper regarding the Future of the EU and underscored 5 different scenarios which may materialise in the EU until 2025. The scenarios are as follows:

    Scenario 1: Carrying on,

    Scenario 2: Nothing but the Single Market,

    Scenario 3: Those who want to do more,

    Scenario 4: Doing less more efficiently,

    Scenario 5: Doing much more together.

     

    Scenarios 1, 2 and 5 do not seem to be possible at the moment. It is not possible for the EU to continue without any change and compliance, likewise it is not possible to come down to the internal market by throwing away every important achievements until today. Similarly, when we consider increasing scepticism about EU policies, economic problems and nationalist reactions in this period of mounting sovereigntist tendencies, it can’t be said that it is probable for the EU to carry assertively their deep integration into new targets. In this case, the 3rd and 4th scenarios come to the forefront. In other words, it is important that the EU continues to pursue further integration not with all its Member States but with a group of willing countries, towards a common defence and fiscal policy, or, as in the 4th scenario, the EU aims to be more effective in selected policy areas while doing less or stops acting in some policies. My guess is that there will be a multi-layered European model formed from a more tightly integrated inner ring and a looser outer ring.”

    “Let’s make necessary preparations to take part in the emerging new Europe”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that the EU process has made a very rapid breakthrough since the Maastricht Treaty in 1993 and their gains that can be summarised today as peace, security and prosperity are not appreciated enough by new generations who have never experienced war and poverty.

    “The EU has achieved a very rapid integration process in a short span of 25 years. Nevertheless trying to realise such ambitious goals in such a short time, has led to problems of digestion and compliance. Nowadays, nationalist and conservative reactions threaten EU achievements. As a candidate country, Turkey should follow closely the developments in the EU. Turkey's EU Expert IKV closely follows this process, fulfils its mission of disclosure by publishing its analyses and appreciations. As IKV, we think that the EU will evolve into a two-layered structure. In this case, Turkey will need to look at its strategies to find a place in this renewed EU. When this multi-layered institutional structure of the EU emerges clearly, Turkey will also have to take steps to take part in this structure. Therefore, let's not get caught up in the illusion that relations with the EU are ending or that the goal of membership is disappearing. Let's not be despairing about the developments in the EU. As we have done so far, let's continue to improve compliance process with the EU with patience and determination. Let’s make necessary preparations to take part in the emerging new Europe".

    FEBRUARY 2017: TURKISH SOVEREIGN WEALTH FUND IS EXPECTED TO PROVIDE FURTHER SUPPORT FOR DEVELOPMENT IF IT IS GOVERNED WELL

    Economic Development Foundation Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a statement with respect to the Turkish Sovereign Wealth Fund which had been established by law in August 2016 and became operational with the transfer of some public companies and property on 5 February 2017. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that Turkey is the only G20 country without a sovereign wealth fund and further expressed that such a fund would provide opportunities for Turkey’s development. 

    Moreover, Zeytinoğlu referred to the “Santiago Principles” which are organising at the international level the sovereign wealth funds. In that respect, he added the importance to take into consideration the criteria of good governance regarding the sovereign wealth funds enshrined in these principles. Zeytinoğlu was quoted as saying the following: 

    “When taking a closer look at the situation of sovereign wealth funds in the world, we can see that there has been a substantial increase in their creation on an annual basis especially since the 2000s. Since 2015, there is a total amount of approximately 7.1 trillion dollars within the scope of the sovereign wealth funds. These resources are used to fund a variety of investments, projects and financial operations both domestically and abroad. One can mention, as such, prominent sovereign wealth funds from Norway, Qatar, UAE, China, Kuwait and Singapore. Along with these funds, there are countries such as Ireland, Kazakhstan and Morocco which are transferring certain public resources such as revenues from privatisation to special funds with the objective of increasing long term investments and accelerating economic development and realising investments to strategically based companies and/or projects. As we can see from the abovementioned examples, Turkey’s approach to this issue is similar to the latter countries and that it is envisaging forging such a fund with the objective of further financing its own economic development”. 

     “It is important to take into consideration the Santiago Principles regarding sovereign wealth funds”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that an annual increase in GDP of 1.5% is expected in the next 10 years thanks to the creation of the sovereign wealth fund. Moreover, he underscored the need for such a fund to be governed with a market logic in order for it to be fully beneficial and provide benefits in terms of growth and development and in accordance with the principles of transparency and accountability. Within that framework, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu highlighted the importance of the Santiago Principles which are governing the international architecture of the sovereign wealth funds: 

    “If we are willing to see an annual increase by 1.5% in our growth rate the next 10 years as mentioned in the preamble to the law regarding the Turkish Sovereign Wealth Fund, it is of utmost importance that such a fund is governed effectively and in accordance with market principle, that the legal framework is well established and determined and that it pays special care to the principles of good governance. The Santiago Principles which had been determined within the framework of the “International Forum of Sovereign Wealth Funds” in 2009 are putting forth the standards of good governance with respect to the administration and auditing of the sovereign wealth funds. These principles which can also be described as the “certificate of good conduct” of the sovereign wealth funds include a total of 24 principles with respect to good governance, transparency, accountability, good practices and good procedures for healthy and long term investments. As such, we can say that the adoption of such principles is the best formula in order to erase doubts regarding these funds and provide for their effective and transparent management”.

    FEBRUARY 2017: TURKEY-EU RELATIONS WOULD BE POSITIVELY AFFECTED BY VISA WAIVER

    The European Parliament voted to lift the visa requirement for Georgian citizens regarding short stays in the Schengen area. Although visa-free travel for Georgian citizens will be realized only after the approval of the Council of the EU and the entry into force of the suspension mechanism allowing for the temporary reintroduction of visas, the approval of the related legislation by the EP constitutes an important and vital step in the process.

    The Chairman of Economic Development Foundation (IKV), Ayhan Zeytinoğlu commented on the positive development regarding visa waiver for Georgian citizens and stated that Turkish citizens also await a similar decision by the EP:

    “The approval by the EP of the law lifting the visa requirement for Georgian citizens entering the Schengen area for short stays is a positive development for our neighbour Georgia. In fact it created jubilation among Georgians who celebrated the EP’s approval by lighting up the Tbilisi TV Tower and Peace Bridge in the colours of the EU flag. We expect a similar development regarding visa liberalisation for Turkish citizens in the near future”.

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu noted that Turkey had already fulfilled most of the criteria for visa liberalisation and that the European Commission recommended the lifting of the visa requirement in its May 4 report:

    “Turkey made an extensive effort to fulfil the criteria embodied in the visa liberalisation roadmap leading to the recommendation of the European Commission to lift the visa requirement for Turkish citizens in May last year. There are still remaining hurdles, especially regarding the revision of the anti-terror legislation in Turkey in line with Council of Europe guidelines. These remaining conditions could be swiftly overcome in the next couple of months upon the joint endeavour of the parties. It should not be forgotten that Turkey complied with its commitments under the March 18 EU-Turkey Statement regarding the control of irregular migration over the Aegean. Turkey has been providing protection to 3 million Syrian refugees and supporting their societal integration and entry into the labour market. One of the conditions of the Turkey-EU Statement was visa-free travel for Turkish citizens until June 2016. It is high-time to deliver on this target which will have a reinvigorating impact on Turkey-EU relations as a whole and rekindle the lost trust and sympathy between the parties.”

    “We find it extremely difficult to accept the visa requirement for the citizens of a country which is in a customs union with the EU for 21 years and a candidate negotiating accession to the EU for 11 years.”

    Ayhan Zeytinoğlu also noted the importance of visa-free travel for the impending modernisation of the Turkey-EU customs union:

    “Turkey and the EU are about to start formal negotiations over the modernisation of the Turkey-EU customs union, which is in force since 1996 regarding industrial products. We find it extremely difficult to accept the visa requirement for the citizens of a country which is in a customs union with the EU for 21 years and a candidate negotiating accession to the EU for 11 years. It constitutes a barrier to entry in to the Schengen area for short stays for cultural, touristic or business purposes. A business person who wishes to conduct a meeting with his/her counterpart in a Schengen state has to apply to the related Consulate a considerable time before the meeting, supply various documents including company information and bank statements, and pay a sum of 60 euros excluding the additional costs such as notary fees. If this person is residing in a provincial city, he/she has to travel to cities like Istanbul or Ankara where Consulates are located. All of this process is costly, time-consuming and frustrating. The modernisation of the customs union entails its expansion into agriculture, services and public procurement sectors. Visa waiver will acquire a new urgency if and when the customs union incorporates services sectors since by definition the human element takes priority in the provision of services. We hope that we will not wait until the end of the customs union modernization talks for the lifting of the visa barrier”.

    Ayhan Zeytinoğlu
    IKV Chairman

    FEBRUARY 2017: BREXIT CANNOT BE A MODEL FOR TURKEY

    Following British Prime Minister Theresa May’s visit to Turkey, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu commented on the United Kingdom’s process of withdrawing from the EU.

    First of all, Zeytinoğlu gave further clarity to the process known as Brexit:

    “The British people had chosen its preference for withdrawal from EU membership in a referendum held on 23 June 2016 with 51.9%. It is important to remind that the UK Supreme Court stipulated that the referendum result in itself is not sufficient and necessitates the approval of the Parliament. We are awaiting for this decision to be confirmed in the Parliament and thus for Britain to tender its formal request for withdrawal from EU membership to the EU authorities in March. Following this formal request, the UK and the EU will start negotiations on an agreement which would determine the conditions for withdrawal from EU membership. Two issues will have to be further clarified during these negotiations:

    - First of all, the conditions with respect to the UK’s process of withdrawing from EU membership and how the process will be pursued, the withdrawal of the UK from EU institutions and the budget, the identification of issues such as the ending of the primacy and applicability of EU law in the UK;
    - Secondly, the opening to negotiations of a new agreement which would organise relations between the two parties following the conclusion of the Brexit process”.

    “Britain, when leaving the EU, will also have to withdraw from over 60 trade agreements”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu noted that whilst the process of withdrawing from the EU of the UK would have convulsive effects for the EU and could be perceived for it as a threat, it also actually holds some opportunities. Furthermore, Zeytinoğlu added that the UK is conducting half of its trade in goods and services with EU countries and that it would thus hold critical importance for the UK to accomplish a new comprehensive agreement with the EU:

    “The decision taken by the UK to withdraw from EU membership would help her achieve an independent policy with respect to external trade but it would still need to negotiate for new agreements to be signed with respect to its position regarding over 60 agreements concluded between the EU and other countries or trade blocs. In other words, Britain will be liberated from its obligations under EU membership but it will also be deprived of its advantages in that respect. Undoubtedly, losing a member like Britain will have challenging effects for the EU. However, I do not think it would lead to the dissolution of the EU. The advantages of being included in the EU internal market will prevent other countries from leaving. The Brexit process will be complex. I do believe that as it will include more prejudices rather than benefits, it would constitute a negative example for other Member States to follow.

    “The situations of Turkey and Britain are different. One cannot be a model for the other”

    Lastly, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu tackled the Brexit process from Turkey’s perspective and in contrast to some views expressed by the public opinion, he emphasised that Brexit would not constitute a viable model for Turkey:

    “The Brexit process is being followed closely in Turkey and some are asking the question whether it could constitute a model for our country. If we look closer to the British government’s approach, we can see that they are looking favourably to the conclusion of a new, deep and comprehensive free trade agreement with the EU following the conclusion of the Brexit process. In other words, the objective would be to operate an independent policy from the EU on external trade but also include a model encompassing the free movement of goods and services with the EU. Nonetheless, one should stress that Turkey has a functional Customs Union with the EU currently and the modernisation process of the Customs Union with the opening of formal negotiations is on the agenda this year. The process of modernisation of the Customs Union would also necessitate Turkey to further comply with EU norms and standards and with provisions included within the framework of the EU Acquis. In other words, whilst Britain is negotiating for its withdrawal from the EU, we as Turkey are aiming to bring our integration with the EU to a more advanced level. It is of utmost importance to stress that our full membership objective still constitutes for us the conclusion of this process. We do hope that the objective of full membership along with closer integration with the EU would trigger further political and economic reforms within Turkey. Taking a look at this greater picture, one can see that Brexit does not constitute a model for Turkey with respect to our current relations with the EU and our full membership objective”.

    Ayhan ZEYTİNOĞLU
    IKV Chairman 

    JANUARY 2017: WE WELCOME THE RECENT DECREE AMELIORATING STATE OF EMERGENCY CONDITIONS

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu expressed his satisfaction with the decree that have been which is aimed at improving the state of emergency conditions on 23 January 2017. He also indicated that amelioration of the political situation  would benefit  the business environment in Turkey. As it is known, a treacherous coup attempt which attacked the very foundations of Turkey’s democratic institutions had been successfully thwarted thanks to a great fight for democracy on 15 July 2016. Following the restoration process, the state of emergency was declared on 21 July 2016 for a duration of three months and later extended for an extra three months.

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu assessed the state of emergency as follows: “State of emergency procedures do not constitute a new phenomenon in the European scene. Following the terrorist attacks which struck France on 13 November 2015, the state of emergency had been declared and it had been later extended for a fifth time. As it is known, as a result of a terrorist attack in Brussels, the Belgian authorities had declared measures reminiscent of a state of emergency such as a temporary curfew. One can see in many different EU Member States a propensity to further stiffened measures with respect to national security and the fight against terrorism. It is possible to explain this propsneity because of a terror wave with global dimensions, unresolved regional issues and very large and continuous migrant flows. The measures which have been implemented in Turkey also are based upon a similar rationale. It is of utmost importance to reiterate that the state of emergency measures which are implemented in Turkey are based upon principles of a Western democracy, and are temporary and respectful of the rule of law. As such, we do express our satisfaction with the decrees which were revealed on the 23 January and aimed at improving the state of emergency conditions in conformity with EU standards”.

    The latest decree envisaging a revision of the state of emergency include the following:

    - The reduction of the detention period from 30 days a to 7 days following the arrestation; this period may be extended to 7 additional days with the decision of a prosecutor based on the difficulty in gathering evidence or as a result of the high number of suspects;

    - The lifting of the provision which was limiting the right to confer with a lawyer to 5 days based on a decision taken by a prosecutor and with respect to suspects in custody for crimes within the framework of the anti-terror law;

    - The possibility to send the objections with respect to measures taken under state of emergency decrees  to the Commission Supervising the State of Emergency Processes.

    Furthermore, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu reminded that the implementation of the state of emergency process which is currently in force in Turkey is closely followed by European authorities. As such, he went on to add that the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) discussed the functioning of Turkey’s democratic institutions on 23 January 2017.

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu added the following in that respect: “The proposition with respect to discussing this issue as a matter of urgency has been rejected at the General Assembly of PACE. As regards further guarantees given to fundamental rights and freedoms in Turkey, it is of critical importance that the notices given by the EU institutions and other international organisations are fully taken into consideration with respect to the level of development of Turkey, from the perspective of the possibility to invest in our country and as regards the level of welfare of our citizens. Therefore, the assessments made by the European Commission in its 2016 Progress Report on Turkey and which was published on 9 November should be fully taken into consideration”.

    The Copenhagen Criteria Hold a Special Importance for a Healthy Modernisation Process of the Customs Union

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu  also expressed his satisfaction with respect to the latest decrees aimed at taking into consideration warnings made by European authorities and added the following: “The fact that the EU constitutes the most successful economic integration project in world history is actually based on the importance given to fundamental rights and freedoms and good governance”.

    “According to figures released by the Ministry of Economy, 54% of foreign direct investments (FDI) made in Turkey in between January and November 2016 originated from EU Member States. The fact that that the countries which are realising the most investments in Turkey which are Germany, the Netherlands and the UK are also in the top 10 countries among 113 countries of the Rule of Law Index 2016 is not a surprise. The authorities should strive to strengthen and increase international investments into Turkey, a G20 member economy. Furthermore, one should remind that it is of great importance to comply with the Copenhagen Criteria as we enter modernisation process in order to consolidate a healthier Customs Union where it is easier to make business”. 

    JANUARY 2017: UPGRADING OF THE CUSTOMS UNION IS SET TO BECOME THE DRIVING FORCE OF TURKEY-EU RELATIONS IN 2017

    One can see that the modernisation process of the Customs Union is one of the priorities of Turkey’s EU accession process in 2017. The preparatory works launched by Minister of Economy Nihat Zeybekci and Commissioner for Trade Cecilia Malmström which began in May 2015 are about to be completed. The official negotiations are expected to begin in 2017. IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu indicated that the modernisation of the Customs Union would strengthen Turkey’s production capacity, agricultural effectiveness, trade in services and increase its competitive force within the framework of external markets along with enhancing greater harmonisation with EU norms and standards.

    “The modernisation process of the Customs Union will play a key role in helping Turkey escape from the middle income trap”  

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also highlighted the fact the Customs Union which is in force for the last 20 years has benefited significantly the Turkish industrial sector and enhanced its capacity in external markets; it helped multiply by four times Turkey’s trade volume with the EU and enhance its competitive force in that respect. In contrast, Zeytinoğlu added that although the Customs Union has provided many benefits, its current form is not sufficient with the latest developments with respect of international and EU trade and that the benefits it provided have eroded.  Zeytinoğlu followed his words as follows:

     “We are waiting for the modernisation of the Customs Union to provide important benefits to our national income, employment, foreign investments and external trade. According to research which has been conducted by our Ministry of Economy and the European Commission, it did especially show the annual increase in terms of GDP and in exports. In an impact analysis conducted by the European Commission, it was revealed that the modernisation of the Customs Union would lead to an increase of GDP in real value by 1.44% (12.5 billion euros). In a report prepared by our Ministry of Economy, it was indicated that there would be an increase by 1.9% in terms of GDP and an increase by 24.4% in exports to the EU by 2030”.  

    “Along with increasing the scope of agriculture, services and public procurements, the modernisation of the Customs Union would provide expected benefits in terms of free trade agreements concluded by the EU”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also underscored that the forecasts expected by the impact analyses would become valid in case the deepening of the Customs Union and Turkey’s inclusion within the framework of free trade agreements signed by the EU with third countries materialises:

     “In light of the various impact analyses which have been realised, there are different calculations which are made from the different scenarios which emerge. As such, some claim the Customs Union could continue in its current form or change and give way to a more comprehensive FTA. One can say that the most profitable scenario for both parties would be the alternative of deepening the Customs Union. Accordingly, the operational capacity of the Customs Union would be improved, the dispute settlement mechanism strengthened and Turkey would benefit from the FTAs signed by the EU. Moreover, it is expected that areas such as trade in services, public procurement markets along with agricultural products would also be integrated within the framework of the Customs Union. Therefore, the reciprocal enhancement of the opening the markets would help in alleviating the disadvantages faced by Turkey with respect to the FTAs signed between the EU and third countries, increase harmonisation with EU regulations and generally lead to a revitalisation of the Turkish economy”.

    Lastly, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu referred to the sectoral effects of the modernisation of the Customs Union:

    “The modernisation process of the Customs Union would increase competitiveness in the internal market. Although this process may lead to certain difficulties in the beginning, in the medium and long term, it would trigger efficiency and productivity in a variety of agricultural product groups and the services sector along with enhancing the market share of the industry with respect to FTAs signed with third countries. Indeed, it is expected that exports would increase in areas such as motored vehicles, electronic tools, industrial products such as textiles and shoes, food sector, agricultural products along with construction, transport, financial services and recreational services. Outside industry, it would lead to further foreign investments in the agricultural and services sector and thus create new job opportunities. We do hope that such a process would provide impetus to strengthen harmonisation with the EU in the legislative area and also further enhance principles such as transparency, accountability predictability, legal audit and good governance”.  

    JANUARY 2017: WE HOPE THAT THE NEW EP PRESIDENT WILL EMBRACE A MORE CONSTRUCTIVE APPROACH TOWARDS TURKEY

    The name which is set to replace Martin Schulz as the new president of the European Parliament (EP) has been revealed on 17 January 2017. Indeed, in the elections to determine the new president of the EP, the candidate for the European People’s Party (EPP) and Italian MEP Antonio Tajani was elected with 351 votes to 282 votes for his challenger from the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) and Italian MEP Gianni Pittella.  It is expected that Tajani will hold his position as President of the EP until the EP elections of June 2019.

    Following the decision of Schulz to leave the EP in order for him to be a candidate in the German general elections which are scheduled to take place in autumn, and as a consequence of his decision to refuse sharing power with the EPP, all eyes focused on the election of the new president.

    EP President Antonio Tajani is the first Italian to fulfil that position since Emilio Colombo who served as EP President between 1977 and 1979. The 63-year-old Tajani who has a 20-year-long experience within the EU institutions, served as Commissioner for Transport (2008-2009) during the first Barroso Commission and as Commissioner for Industry and Entrepreneurship (2010-2014) and Vice-President during the second Barroso Commission. Tajani who is also one of the founders of former Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi’s party Forza Italia, was perceived as a controversial candidate as a result of allegations of negligence with respect to the Volkswagen emissions scandal and also due to his well-known proximity with Berlusconi. The election of Tajani as new EP President was rendered possible thanks to the formation of a pro-EU coalition between the EPP group and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) group.

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu assessed the election of Antonio Tajani as new EP President from the perspective of Turkey-EU relations:

    “The election of EP President Antonio Tajani bears significant importance with respect to our relations with the EU. Indeed, one should recollect the motion for resolution which had been adopted at the EP last November and which envisaged a temporary freeze of our relations, thus unleashing a new crisis in our relations. In case of further progress with respect to the visa liberalisation issue, one of the institutions which would play an important role and give its approval to the process will be the EP. As such, the approach which will be embraced by the EP President at that juncture will be critical. In his past declarations regarding Turkey’s EU accession process, Tajani had indicated support for Turkey’s EU membership bid but also pointed out the need to comply with the Copenhagen criteria. Before his election as EP President, Tajani had highlighted the importance of Turkey as a strategic partner for the EU but also expressed the need to suspend accession negotiations until shortcomings regarding the rule of law, freedom of expression and fundamental rights have been solved. Such approaches do not prepare a constructive basis to tackle such aforementioned issues but on the contrary would lead to a reduction of confidence towards the EU and further tensions in our relations. As such, it is of utmost importance for the new EP President to embrace a more visionary and long-term approach towards Turkey”.

    Indicating that the EP’s approach towards Turkey is source for concern, IKV President Zeytinoğlu pursued as follows:

    “We have seen an increasingly critical approach towards Turkey since the last EP elections of 2014 and as a result of measures which have been taken following the 15 July 2016 coup attempt. As it is known, the motion for resolution adopted at the EP on 24 November 2016 which envisaged a temporary freeze of accession negotiations with Turkey led to increasing tensions in relations, although the EP’s resolution is not legally binding. Such actions, unfortunately, do not help in correcting the measures that are criticised in Turkey but rather lead to further tensions in our relations. As such, it would be mutually beneficial for the EP to propose initiatives towards the acceleration of the accession process. We do hope that a more constructive approach would be embraced by the new EP President”.

    Ayhan ZEYTİNOĞLU
    IKV Chairman

    JANUARY 2017: CYPRUS TALKS ENTER A CRITICAL JUNCTURE; THE HISTORIC OPPORTUNITY SHOULD NOT BE MISSED

    The UN-sponsored Cyprus reunification talks have entered a decisive phase in Geneva on 9 January 2017. Following three days of meetings, today the two sides are set to meet with the three guarantor powers at a five-party conference which will be chaired by the incoming UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres. The EU is expected to participate in the conference as a ‘special observer’. Prior to the five-party conference, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made the following statements:

    “Cyprus talks are entering a critical juncture. The five-party conference, which will commence with the added participation of the three guarantor powers namely; Turkey, Greece and the UK, will in a way determine the fate of the island as was the case in Zurich in 1959. If the outstanding issues are resolved and a breakthrough could be reached on the most complicated and emotionally-charged chapters concerning territorial adjustments and security and guarantees, we can expect the main framework of the settlement deal to emerge. This could pave the way for a comprehensive settlement deal being drafted in the coming months to be presented to the two communities in simultaneous referenda on both sides of the island in mid-2017”.

    Indicating that it was the first time since the Annan Plan, which is regarded as the most comprehensive plan for a settlement, that so much progress has been achieved in the talks, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated:

    “During the last 19 months, the two sides have managed to reach major convergences on governance and power sharing, EU matters, economy and the property issue which is regarded as the most complex aspect of the Cyprus question. However, a number of unresolved issues remain. Despite the presence of outstanding issues, the convergences achieved make us cautiously hopeful. We consider the rotating presidency which is deemed as indispensable for ensuring the Turkish Cypriot community’s political equality, the continuation of Turkey’s active and effective guarantee, strengthening of bizonality and adoption of the prospective settlement deal as primary EU law to be of critical importance. We support a fair, lasting and comprehensive settlement which protects the rights and interests of the Turkish Cypriot community and sufficiently fulfils their rightful demands for political equality, freedom and security”. 

    “A Cyprus Settlement will open up the floodgates in Turkey-EU Relations; however the EU should not create new ‘Cyprus’es for Turkey”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu indicated that a prospective settlement will bring a lot of benefits: “A fair and lasting solution in Cyprus will contribute to the relations and open up new avenues of cooperation between Turkey and the EU, Turkey and Greece as well as Turkey and the new bizonal and bicomunnal ‘united federal Cyprus’ composed of two politically equal constituent states to be established following a settlement”.

    Stressing that a prospective settlement will pave the way for the unfreezing of the currently blocked chapters in Turkey’s accession negotiations, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu added: “As known, the opening of a total of 14 out of 35 chapters and the provisional closing of all chapters in Turkey’s EU accession talks has been suspended by the European Council and the unilateral veto of the Greek Cypriot Administration. This largely reduces the effectiveness of the accession negotiations which should in effect constitute the main framework; the backbone of Turkey-EU relations. With the resolution of the Cyprus issue, the blocked chapters will automatically unfreeze. This will open a new page in Turkey’s accession talks. Furthermore, the dialogue processes currently carried out independently in areas of mutual interest such as foreign policy and energy will be incorporated in the framework of the accession negotiations”.

    “Moreover, a settlement would provide for the opening of chapters 23 and 24 on the rule of law and fundamental rights concerning two key areas in which Turkey faces criticism from the EU. Their opening could assist Turkey in addressing its shortcomings in these areas and create fresh momentum for political reforms. Additionally, with the Turkish Cypriots taking their long-overdue place within the EU, Turkish will become an official EU language. A fair and lasting solution to the Cyprus issue would deprive the Turkey-sceptic circles within the EU of a pretext being used against Turkey’s EU bid”.

    Warning against the possibility that following a settlement in Cyprus, some other member states could resort to vetoes to derail Turkey’s EU bid, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated: “Such a possibility could cause irreparable damage to the relations between Turkey and the EU. Following the settlement of the Cyprus issue, we expect the EU to develop a long-term and sustainable strategy regarding Turkey’s EU membership process”. 

    “Following a Solution, Cyprus Will Become a Magnet for Investors”

    Referring to the potential economic benefits a settlement could bring, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made the following remarks:

    “A settlement is expected to bring substantial economic benefits to both communities on the island. As the unlawful and long-overdue isolation of the Turkish Cypriot community will come to an end following a settlement, the Turkish Cypriots will trade freely and develop healthy trade and investment relations with the EU and the rest of the world. With stability and confidence, Cyprus will become a magnet attracting major international investments. Moreover, the hydrocarbon resources, which have so far been a cause of friction, will transform to a cause of cooperation between the two communities as well as regional states”. 

    “The Success Story the EU Needs Could Be Written in the Eastern Mediterranean”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu indicated that the settlement of the Cyprus issue would create major benefits for the EU:

    “At a time when the EU is struggling to deal with multiple existential crises such as the financial crisis, the refugee crisis and Brexit and the main achievements of the European project have become questionable, the resolution of the Cyprus issue will undoubtedly create a success story for the EU. Moreover, a lasting solution to the Cyprus issue will remove the obstacles to NATO-EU institutional cooperation at a time when mounting security threats deem cooperation between the two organizations crucial. Last but not least, the prospect of exporting East Med hydrocarbons by a pipeline following a settlement via Turkey would not only serve Turkey’s objective of becoming an energy hub, but also contribute to the EU’s energy security”. 

    Ayhan Zeytinoğlu
    IKV Chairman 

    JANUARY 2017: WE STRONGLY CONDEMN THE ODIOUS TERRORIST ATTACK WHICH TOOK PLACE IN ISTANBUL

    We condemn in the strongest possible terms the terrorist attack which struck Istanbul on New Year’s Eve and present our heartfelt condolences to the families of the victims and wish steady recovery to the injured.

    This attack bears similarities with previous attacks realised in France, the United States and Tunisia. This odious attack which led to the massacre of innocent civilians has targeted Istanbul as a cultural center, lifestyle preferences and the joy of living. Furthermore, this attack shows the horrendous scale of global terror threat and underscores the urgency to forge a common front against this scourge. Although it is important to note that this attack has been unanimously condemned by the United States, the EU, Russia and Iran, it is critical to go beyond such supportive messages and for international cooperation against global terrorism to be effective.

    Ayhan Zeytinoğlu
    IKV Chairman

  • DECEMBER 2016: THE EU CAN SUPPORT TURKEY’S STRUGGLE AGAINST TERRORISM BY KEEPING THE NEGOTIATIONS AFLOAT RATHER THAN SUSPENDING THEM

    IKV PRESS RELEASE ON TURKEY’S EU ACCESSION NEGOTIATIONS:

    THE EU CAN SUPPORT TURKEY’S STRUGGLE AGAINST TERRORISM BY KEEPING THE NEGOTIATIONS AFLOAT RATHER THAN SUSPENDING THEM

    EU Ministers of Foreign Affairs meeting in the General Affairs Council on the 13th of December did not adopt a decision to suspend accession negotiations, a step which had been proposed by the Austrian government.  We are pleased that the Council did not follow the example of the European Parliament in proposing a temporary freeze of negotiations. Despite problems in bilateral relations in the recent period, keeping Turkey’s EU perspective alive is valuable for both the EU and Turkey.

    The recent atrocious attack in Istanbul resulting in the loss of 44 lives once again showed the ugly face of terrorism. Turkey is facing multiple threats from PKK and ISID terrorism, and undergoing a difficult period of restructuring in the aftermath of a major attack on democracy on July 15.  The threats faced by Turkey are the same threats faced by the EU and Europe will be more secure only if Turkey can overcome such threats and obstacles to its security, stability and democracy with genuine support and solidarity by the EU.

    We commend the solidarity shown by EU Officials and diplomatic representatives in condemning the terror attack and honouring the memories of the victims. However, we expect the EU to do more than condemnation and provide support to Turkey and the Turkish people in their struggle against terrorism by strengthening Turkey and EU relations. The surest way to strengthen the relations would be by accelerating the accession negotiations rather than suspending them and contributing to Turkey-EU ties by complementary processes as the modernisation of the customs union and visa liberalisation.

    Notes on the Conclusions of the General Affairs Council: “No new chapters considered for opening…”

    The General Affairs Council noted in its conclusions that “no new chapters are considered for opening”. It also adds that “[the Council] encourages Turkey to continue its alignment efforts, including stepping up efforts to enforce related legislation”. Thus even though accession negotiations are not suspended, they are not moving forward either.

    Taking into account Turkey’s request to open Chapter 23 on the judiciary and fundamental rights and Chapter 24 on justice, freedom and security, the opening of which are vetoed by South Cyprus Administration, it should be mentioned that the EU’s approach to Turkey is far from being honest and consistent. On the one hand the EU wishes to support political and economic reforms in Turkey and accelerate the alignment to the EU acquis. On the other hand, it fails to provide an impetus for engaging Turkey into European integration due to the stalemate in the accession process and the lingering of the goal of visa liberalisation.  Both the EU and Turkey should ask themselves the question of how they came from the high point in 2004 when Turkey’s Prime Minister participated in the signing ceremony of the “Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe” as the representative of a future Member State and the EP overwhelmingly voted yes for the opening of accession negotiations with Turkey. 

    DECEMBER 2016: WE STRONGLY CONDEMN THE HEINOUS TERRORIST ATTACK WHICH TOOK PLACE IN ISTANBUL

    We condemn in the strongest possible terms the heinous terrorist attack which took place on 10 December in Istanbul; we offer our condolences to the families of the victims and wish for speedy recovery to the injured.

    Once more, we would like to state that these actions are inhumane acts which are targeting our national unity and urge the international community to unite to fight relentlessly against all forms of terrorism.  As a country which has experienced tragically these kinds of acts before, we would like to join hands with the EU in this common fight against terrorism.  

    Ayhan Zeytinoğlu

    IKV Chairman 

    NOVEMBER 2016: EP’S VOTE TO TEMPORARILY FREEZE THE ONGOING ACCESSION NEGOTIATIONS WITH TURKEY DOES NOT SERVE THE INTENDED PURPOSE

    European Union (EU)’s legislative body the European Parliament (EP), supported by the major party groups, voted in favour of a resolution on 24 November 2016 to temporarily freeze accession negotiations with Turkey due to adversities related to human rights and the rule of law.

    The EP’s vote on this resolution is its own initiative and is not binding upon on the EU.  The Parliament does not have the authority to freeze or suspend negotiations. As a matter of fact, in the resolution, the Commission and the Member States are called upon to freeze the negotiations.

    The decision to suspend the negotiations should be made with a qualified majority vote representing 55% of the Member States and 65% of the total EU population; it can be clearly observed that, right now there is no such majority in the direction of freezing or suspending negotiations

    The resolution of the EP has importance as a symbolic and political message. It reflects the public opinion in the EU regarding the topic and is worrying in that respect.

    The Parliamentarians who propose this resolution should know that:

    In order to reverse the practices which they condemn in Turkey in a positive way, to set the conditions for the termination of state of emergency as soon as possible and maintain normalization it would be a more rational and effective practice to accelerate the negotiations process with Turkey rather than to stop it.

    Turkey is passing through a difficult period, struggling with three different terrorist organizations and undergoing a violent war on its borders. It is of great importance that the EU supports and stands besides Turkey in this difficult period. If the EU wants to improve the developments in Turkey positively and consolidate the values of the EU, instead of freezing the negotiations, it should take necessary steps to speed up the accession process and adopt a comprehensive strategy to bring Turkey closer to the EU.

    Ayhan Zeytinoğlu
    IKV Chairman

    NOVEMBER 2016: THE EU SHOULD NOT CLOSE THE DOOR ON TURKEY

    IKV PRESS RELEASE

    TURKEY’S EU PERSPECTIVE: THE EU SHOULD NOT CLOSE THE DOOR ON TURKEY
     

    Recently, Turkey and EU relations have encountered a serious crisis due to a growing divergence between the two following the July 15 attempted coup. While the EU became increasingly critical of the drastic measures adopted in Turkey under the state of emergency, Turkish leaders voiced their resentment against Europe due to its failure to stand beside the Turkish leadership in its fight against terror. The lack of effective communication and understanding between Turkey and the EU exacerbated the rift between them resulting from 10 years of stalemate in the accession negotiations and the failure to realize visa-free travel for Turkish citizens which was part of the refugee deal agreed on March 18 this year.

    Escalation in the crisis has come to such a point that the European Parliament will hold a debate on the question of suspending the accession negotiations this week and a resolution to that effect will be voted on Thursday. Even if the EP votes in favour of suspending negotiations, this will be a non-binding resolution voicing the approach of the Parliament and not the EU as a whole. Still the fact that relations have come to such a point attests to a serious crisis which should be effectively addressed by the parties.

    In the meantime, Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan spoke about Turkey’s probable membership to the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and accused the EU of keeping Turkey waiting for such a long time. He talked of a deadline until the end of the year after which Turkey will end its cooperation with the EU on the refugee issue and a possible referendum to be held regarding Turkey’s relationship with the EU. Erdogan has a point is arguing that accession negotiations are not sustainable without a clear perspective of membership. On the other hand, Turkey is also partly to blame since it diverged from the EU anchor and receded from the reform agenda.

    IKV-Economic Development Foundation has been founded in 1965 to study and contribute to Turkey’s relations with the then EEC and has been specialized on EU-Turkey relations since then. As the only non-governmental organization of its kind dedicated to Turkey’s EU perspective, we would like to call upon all related parties to avert the further escalation of the crisis and revitalize Turkey-EU relations.

    Suspending Turkey’s EU accession negotiations would be the worst kind of action that the EU could take at the moment. Turkey is faced with an atrocious war on its Southern borders, has lived through a coup attempt perpetrated by Gülenist elements in its military, faced with the task of reorganizing its bureaucracy, judiciary and security forces and is undergoing economic volatility while hosting nearly 3 million refugees. It would be fundamentally wrong of the EU to severe relations with a country faced with multiple challenges, a country which is playing an important role for the stability and security of Europe. The EU should stop debating whether or not to suspend relations and instead focus on how to engage Turkey and reignite the EU anchor for Turkey’s ongoing development and stability.

    Ayhan Zeytinoğlu
    İKV Chairman

    NOVEMBER 2016: THE TURKISH BUSINESS COMMUNITY WISHES RELATIONS WITH THE EU TO BE FURTHER PURSUED AND STRENGTHENED

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu has reacted to some of the latest developments in Turkey-EU relations.

    In his remarks, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu pointed out to the importance of Turkey-EU relations and further added that Turkey needs a strong partner and anchor such as the EU in terms of tackling political, economic and security issues. He also indicated that the EU perspective is of critical importance from the business community perspective and he added as follows:

    “Tension has increased in our relations with the EU lately. The lack of support and sensitivity shown by the EU as a result of the failed coup attempt in Turkey has some role in this. The EU accession negotiations have been pursued for the last 10 years and the Cyprus issue continues to pose a hurdle for the opening of new chapters by blocking further developments in the process. This has also led to the reduction in the credibility of the membership perspective.

    Nonetheless, one should add that renouncing to the EU’s membership goal it would be taking the easy way for Turkey. We should act with cold blood instead of showing emotional reflexes”.

     “THE CUSTOMS UNION WOULD HELP TURKEY IN ESCAPING THE MIDDLE INCOME TRAP”

    Indicating the business community’s approach with respect to the middle income trap, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu pointed out to the need of implementing EU reforms and that the process of modernisation of the Customs Union would play a critical role for Turkey to escape the middle income trap:

    “Each step where we have seen progress with the EU has contributed in accelerating the development process of Turkey. When the Customs Union came into force in 1996, it opened a new era from the perspective of competitiveness and productivity of our industry. With the reforms which opened the gate to our candidate status in Helsinki and the decision to open accession negotiations in 2004, it led to an increase in foreign investments in Turkey. Today, more than ever, Turkey needs a new impetus which would accelerate structural reforms and stimulate economic growth. As the business community, we strongly feel this need. The expectation of the business community is for the EU accession process to be pursued and revitalised as well as to realize the modernisation process of the Turkey-EU Customs Union”.

    Moreover, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu noted that according to analyses that have been made with respect to the process of modernisation of the Customs Union, it is expected that Turkey’s economy would benefit by an increase of 1.44% in its real GDP and grow by 12 billion euros and that such an increase would be around 60% in 10 years.

     “THE EU OBJECTIVE IS A PROJECT FOR TURKEY. IT HAS NO ALTERNATIVE”

    Finally, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu affirmed that there is no alternative but EU integration for Turkey:

    “We are experiencing problems in our relations with the EU. We do wish that such problems can be solved by resorting to close cooperation and diplomacy. The EU objective is a project for Turkey which has been adopted by all governments from the beginning. Relations have had their ups and downs and crises similar to the current one have been experienced. However, the current crisis has much more serious dimensions. Indeed, for the first time, there are talks about the possibility for the end of Turkey’s EU perspective. Above all, this problem should be tackled from approach which takes into consideration Turkey’s strategic objectives and its international status. It is also of utmost importance for the EU to show the necessary will to resolve this crisis and show a more consistent approach towards Turkey. Nonetheless, it is also critical for Turkey not to enter into a point of no return and focus on solving the current issues in our relations with the EU”.

    OCTOBER 2016: TURKEY SHOULD BE INVOLVED IN THE US INVESTIGATION REGARDING MOODY’S

    Economic Development Foundation Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu indicated that Turkey should be “involved” in the investigation launched in the United States regarding the international credit rating agency Moody’s.

    In that respect, Ayhan Zeytinoğlu noted that a report published by the US Senate in 2011, it had been underlined that Moody’s and S&P’s wrong decisions played a significant part in the waste of 11 trillion dollars’ worth of money of the American households during the 2008 financial crisis. Moreover, he highlighted that a 1.5 billion dollar fine had been imposed to S&P as a result of these actions.

    Following the report of the Senate, Zeytinoğlu pointed the attention to the fact that the investigation launched by the US Department of Justice is expected to be completed at the end of this year and that a 2 billion dollar fee is expected to be imposed a fine of 2 billion dollars. Moreover, he also noted that  Turkey needs to be a party to an investigation against Moody’s, which had contributed in changing the international perceptions regarding the Turkish economy by downgrading its credit rating from “favourable” to “unfavourable” following the 15 July coup attempt.

    Indicating that it is of utmost importance to follow very closely the investigation process, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu also noted the following: “Moody’s, as it did in the US, had taken a controversial decision by downgrading our country’s credit rating last September, thus further opening the markets to manipulation. We had said from the beginning that this decision is political and is not based on purely economic reasons.  As a result of the damage endured by our economy, we do believe that Turkey should be a party to this investigation which we find proper and that it should register the injustice it had been faced with”.

    Furthermore, stressing that the credit rating agencies do not reflect the real status of countries, Zeytinoğlu pursued and observed as follows: “Nowadays, international investors are no more taking into consideration these institutions which have lost their prestige in the international arena. Indeed, experienced investors would rather prefer to research by themselves the financial indicators of a country or a company of interest for them”.

    Assessing the macro-economic factors which may influence the “credibility” note of Turkey, Zeytinoğlu concluded by adding the following: “We can clearly see that we are in a better state than many developed and developing countries in terms of current account balance, budget and growth figures. Our average growth potential is esteemed to be at around 4%. Our economic reforms are being pursued rapidly. Our interest rate and inflation indicators are positive”.

    OCTOBER 2016: THE MODERNISATION OF THE CUSTOMS UNION WOULD CONSTITUTE A BREAKTHROUGH FOR TURKEY’S ECONOMY

    Economic Development Foundation Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu indicated the important points which need to be highlighted with respect for the business world’s expectations at the negotiations regarding the modernisation of the Customs Union are scheduled to be launched in 2017. Whilst the decision to sign the Customs Union had led to the strengthening of the competitive power of Turkish industry and the opening of Turkey’s economy to the global markets, Zeytinoğlu reminded that at that time, it was envisaged that Turkey’s EU membership would be completed in 5 years. In that respect, Zeytinoğlu added the following: “After 20 years since the Customs Union was signed, EU membership has not been materialised. This has also led to the insufficiency in the procedures to solve pending issues and to take decisions together”.

    Zeytinoğlu pursued his words with the following:

    “We are awaiting the beginning of the process of modernisation and enhancement of the Customs Union in early 2017. Within that timeframe, it is envisaged to work on a more comprehensive and new generation trade agreement which would also encompass the services and agriculture sectors along with public procurements. We do believe that this process would have positive effects upon the Turkish economy and lead to a substantial increase in our GDP. Furthermore, the enhancement of the Customs Union as to include the sectors sector and agricultural products would not only increase Turkey’s total trade, and bring about a more efficient and constructive agricultural transformation along with increase the competitiveness of the services sector but also have significant benefits for the Turkish economy as a whole”.

    Zeytinoğlu: “The Shortcomings of the Customs Union Should Be Tackled”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stressed the need for Turkey to be a party to the decision-making processes and the establishment of mechanisms to solve pending disagreements. He also pinpointed the remaining issues with respect to the functioning of the Customs Union as follows:

    “In this process where Turkey’s access to the EU’s single market would be deepened, we will become a nation which would implement many EU policies with respect to its single trade policy, free movement rules, production standards and the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). We could define this situation as “everything outside membership”. It is unacceptable that whilst we are being directly affected by EU policies, we are not party to the decision-making processes of these very same policies. Indeed, the least would be for Turkey to be included in the committees where the processes of determining the common trade policies are discussed”.

    Moreover, Zeytinoğlu also referred to the issues which impede the effective functioning of the Customs Union and indicated that it would be an important benefit for all for those issues to be solved in the upcoming period. Zeytinoğlu especially stressed issues pertaining to the transport quotas, the inclusion of Turkey within the framework of the EU’s FTA (free trade agreements), and the latest development at the customs:

    “The enhancement of the Customs Union to new areas bears significant potential with respect to the further development of Turkey-EU trade and investment relations. In addition, there are currently areas of the Customs Union which are not operating effectively. It is of utmost importance for us to tackle these issues as to create a Customs Union which is functional and with a strong growth potential. In its current state, the Customs Union has issues as regards the transportation of industrial products made in Turkey to EU countries through transport quotas, extra fees which are required at highway passages and a slow pace for the Customs Union processes. Moreover, the fact that the visas have still not been lifted for Turkish citizens constitutes in itself another significant issue. Indeed, these obligations are an impediment for the Turkish business community which often visits the EU for fairs and business meetings. We do hope that issues such as the fact that Turkey is not present simultaneously in the context of free trade agreements signed by the EU or at negotiations in that respect would be solved within the framework of the negotiations on the modernisation of the Customs Union”.

    OCTOBER 2016:TARGET DATE FOR VISA-FREE TRAVEL HAS ARRIVED

    October 2016 marks the target date for the start of visa-free travel to the Schengen area for Turkish citizens. Visa liberalisation for Turks was one of the components of the refugee deal arrived between Turkey and the EU on March 18 this year. Under this agreement, Turkey agreed to accept migrants returned from Greece, an arrangement which led to a considerable decrease in the use of the irregular migration route over the Aegean. The EU committed itself to the allocation of an additional sum of 3 million euros for Syrian refugees in Turkey on top of the already agreed 3 million and agreed to resettle one Syrian refugee for each Syrian returned to Turkey from the Aegean islands.

    Visa liberalisation for Turkish citizens in accordance with the provisions of “the Roadmap towards a Visa-free Regime with Turkey” was targeted to enter into implementation in June this year but could not be realized due to the 5 criteria yet to be fulfilled by Turkey. One of these criteria, the revision of anti-terror legislation, proved to be a major stumbling block in the process since Turkey was not in a position to make any revisions to its legislation in view of its intensive fight against three terror organizations; PKK, ISIS and Fethullah Terror Organization. Owing to the gravity of the terror threat against Turkey emanating from the above-mentioned organizations, the EU should adopt a more lenient approach towards Turkey regarding the evaluation of the fulfilment of the visa liberalisation criteria. It should not be forgotten that Turkey’s security is a necessary and indispensable aspect of overall European security.

    The situation regarding the remaining criteria for visa liberalisation has not changed since then and the October 2016 deadline envisaged by the parties at the time of the November 29 action plan is also being missed. It should be highlighted that Turkey continues to fulfil its part of the March 18 Refugee Statement which led to a significant decrease in the number of illegal entries to the EU through the Aegean route. One of the pillars of the refugee agreement between Turkey and the EU rested on visa liberalisation for Turkish citizens. Turkey had already fulfilled 65 of the 72 criteria stipulated in the Roadmap towards a visa-free Regime with Turkey. The intensive cooperation between Turkey and the EU on the refugee issue revitalised Turkey and EU relations in the recent period. Visa liberalisation and Turkey’s reforms in order to fulfil the related criteria was one of the most important manifestations of this revitalisation. The missing of the deadline for visa liberalisation places the future of refuge cooperation between Turkey and the EU in danger. It is also worrying in view of the overall condition of Turkey and EU relations. If visa liberalisation is not achieved in the near future the EU risks losing its relevance in Turkey and its position as an anchor for reforms.

    Ayhan Zeytinoglu
    IKV Chairman

    SEPTEMBER 2016: TURKEY-EU TIES SHOULD BE STRENGTHENED IN THE FACE OF COMMON THREATS

    TURKEY-EU TIES SHOULD BE STRENGTHENED IN THE FACE OF COMMON THREATS  

     

    Last week, Chairman of the EP Foreign Affairs Committee, Mr. Elmar Brok and EP’s Turkey Rapporteur Ms. Kati Piri visited Turkey. This was a long-anticipated visit that came more than one month after the July 15 coup attempt. Yesterday, EP President Mr. Martin Schulz and Mr. Dimitris Avramopoulos, Commissioner Responsible for Migration, Home Affairs and Citizenship were in Ankara for high-level visits, while EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Ms. Federica Mogherini and Commissioner Responsible for Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations, Mr. Johannes Hahn are due to visit Turkey in the coming week.

    These high-level visits from the EU are extremely relevant for the future of Turkey-EU relations and Turkey’s EU perspective. It was not only politicians in Turkey who were displeased about the EU’s weak reaction to the coup attempt in Turkey, but the Turkish people who felt that the EU did not care about what happened in Turkey and ignored the ordeal that the country went through both during and after the coup attempt. Turkey, being both a candidate to join the EU and an important strategic partner for the Union regarding security and economic matters is a vital part of Europe. These visits will serve to improve the EU’s standing vis-à-vis the Turkish people and help to get over the sense of being left alone By the EU.  

     

    Fethullahist Terrorist Organization Is a Threat Not Only to Turkey but Also to Europe

    In the aftermath of the coup attempt, Turkey’s main priority has been to take the necessary measures to prevent the Fethullahist Terrorist Organization (FETÖ) from ever engaging in a similar attempt to take over control of the country by eliminating its members and affiliates from positions in the military, judiciary, education system and other state institutions. Thus far, thousands have been discharged from their positions and several hundred detained under suspicion of taking part or supporting the coup attempt. It may be described as a process of restructuring of public administration which requires an extremely strenuous effort since infiltration by the Fethullahist Terrorist Organization (FETÖ) is widespread, longstanding and discreet.

    Turkey needs the EU’s full support in this struggle to free Turkey from infiltration by and clandestine activities of this organization which also has an extensive network abroad including the EU capital and Member States. It should be underlined that had this organization seized power in Turkey, it would use it to establish an undemocratic, religious regime under the rule of its leader, Fethullah Gulen. Resisting and preventing the activities of such a clandestine organisation which wishes to acquire power through non-democratic and illegitimate means should also be a priority for the EU and its Member States. We would like to reiterate once again the seriousness of this threat not only for Turkey but also for Europe and the EU and make a call to all relevant parties to take the necessary measures not to let Turkey-EU relations be harmed by the malevolent interferences of the FETO organization.

    IKV Chairman
    Ayhan ZEYTİNOĞLU 

    AUGUST 2016: WE STRONGLY CONDEMN THE ABOMINABLE TERRORIST ATTACK WHICH TOOK PLACE IN GAZIANTEP

    We condemn in the strongest terms the abominable terrorist attack which took place in Gaziantep and present our condolences to the families of the victims and to all our nation and wish a steady recovery for the injured. During a night of henna, in the happiest day of our people, an inhumane act has been carried out targeting our nation’s internal peace and stability.

    Before the Gaziantep attack, there had also been terrorist attacks which took place in Diyarbakır, Van, Elazığ, Bitlis, Şanlıurfa and Muş. We would like to stress once more that we strongly condemn all terrorist attacks and lament terrorism regardless of its origin or nature. It is of utmost importance to highlight the necessity for our nation to be united against such attacks which are targeting Turkey’s integrity.

    Ayhan ZEYTİNOĞLU         
    IKV Chairman 

    AUGUST 2016: WE INVITE EU LEADERS TO TURKEY

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu: ‘‘We have a call to EU officials: come to Turkey. Show the World and the Turkish public that you stand besides Turkey.  Give the message both to friend and foe that Turkey is part of Europe and will remain that way.’’

    President of IKV Board of Directors Ayhan Zeytinoğlu also underlined that Turkey is recovering from its wounds after July 15 coup attempt and that we should be in solidarity with our European friends in a period in which necessary steps are being taken to eliminate clandestine Gulenist organization from all of the government institutions in order to prevent any attempt of this kind to happen again.

    IKV Chairman said the following:

    ‘In these difficult days our friends from the EU should stand by Turkey, an EU candidate and a custom union partner. EU is built upon values such as democracy, freedom, equality. EU urges upon candidate countries that they adopt principles such as, efficient working state institutions, public appointments based on merit and equality and principle of good governance. It is of grave importance that all clandestine Gulenist organization members should be removed from all institutions in order for all government institutions work efficiently and that good governance is formed in its full meaning. This is a necessity for a public administration based on merit and equality. Furthermore, cleaning the members of this clandestine organisation who have penetrated critical institutions such as the educational system, judiciary and the armed forces will open the way for the establishment understanding of governance that is compatible with EU norms in its full sense. In this sense, EU’s not only moral support and solidarity but also technical assistance seems necessary for Turkey in this process.’

     ‘Secretary General of the Council of Europe Jagland’s visit is an important step; We also Expect EU officials to visit Turkey’

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu also commented on Secretary General of the Council of Europe Thornbjorn Jagland’s visit of Turkey and pointed to the importance of a similar visit by officials of the EU that we carry on accession negotiations with.

    ‘The Council of Europe, including 47 European countries and in which Turkey became a 13th. Member in 13 April 1950, is an organization which represents European values such as democracy, human rights and fundamental freedoms.  Turkey since 1987 also has recognized individual application to the European Court of Human Rights incorporated by Council of Europe. Council of Europe membership once again confirms that Turkey is a European country. Secretary General of the Council of Europe Thornbjorn Jagland visit is important in this respect. Jagland not only supports Turkey in this difficult period but also makes self-criticism in that inadequate response was shown by Europe to the unlawfulness in the cases of Ergenekon and Balyoz. Jagland also claims if a coup attempt similar to the one in Turkey were to take place in any European country same measures would have been taken. Jagland’s warnings that state of emergency must be with the standards of Council of Europe and investigations regarding the coup should comply with the European Convention on Human Rights and case law of European Court of Human Rights, must also be taken into consideration.’

    Zeytinoğlu lastly made a call also to the EU officials and leaders of the EU member states:

    ‘I am calling out to “Mr. Juncker, Mr.  Tusk, Mr. Schulz, Ms. Mogherini, Mr. Hahn, Ms. Merkel, Mr. Renzi, Mr. Hollande and to other leaders. Come to Turkey. In this difficult period that Turkey is passing engage with our government. Give advice, offer help. There is a saying in Turkish: out of sight, out of mind. We all know the critical importance of Turkey’s EU perspective both for EU and Turkey. For this perspective continue to be effective in shaping the future of Turkey, show the World and the Turkish public that you stand besides Turkey.  Tell both to friend and foe that Turkey is part of Europe and will remain that way.’

    JUNE 2016: BRITAIN VOTED TO LEAVE THE EU: WHAT’S NEXT?

    Britain held a referendum regarding its status as an EU Member State on 23 June 2016. The referendum saw the victory of the “Leave” campaign. In the referendum, the turnout reached 72.2% of the electorate with approximately 30 million people casting their vote. 52% of the electorate voted in favour of leaving the EU. Nonetheless, one can say that the referendum results show a discrepancy as regards to the regions and the profile of the British electorate. As means of an example, the majority of the voters in the London Region and Scotland voted in favour of remaining in the EU and, similarly, young and better educated voters also showed a stronger tendency to remain within the EU. The first political result of the referendum was the announcement by Prime Minister David Cameron of his resignation and the decision to leave to his successor the task of leading Britain in its process of leaving the EU.

    How will Britain’s process of withdrawal from the EU work?

    In the upcoming months, it is expected that,

    - The British Parliament will take a decision approving formally the results of the referendum;

    - In light of this decision, the British Government will issue a formal application to leave the EU;

    - A new treaty including the conditions of withdrawal will be signed between Britain and the EU.

    Britain will negotiate a new treaty with the EU which would determine Britain’s relationship with the EU and its new status in that respect. This new agreement will help in defining Britain’s relationship with the EU. One should also remind that Britain also benefited from opt-outs whilst it was a member of the EU as it was neither a member of the Eurozone nor the Schengen area.

    What type of model could be foreseen?

    Within that framework, this new model would include close economic and trade relations with the EU. For example, Britain’s integration in the European Economic Area (EEA) in order to facilitate its access to the EU internal market is an important option. A formula with Britain’s inclusion simultaneously in the trade agreements concluded by the EU and the optional adherence to the EU’s regulations could also constitute a new model for some EU Member States and candidate countries.

    Whilst Britain is re-negotiating its relations with the EU, the status of EU internal migrants currently living in Britain is also a source of concern. It can be foreseen that those currently living in Britain will remain in the country but that Britain may determine new regulations with respect to EU and non-EU migrants, making it harder for them to come over.                                                                                        

    How will Turkey be affected by the results of the Brexit referendum?

    Taking a look at the results from Turkey’s perspective, one can see that these results are of significant importance for two reasons:

    First of all, the results of the Brexit referendum constitute an event which will shape the EU’s future direction. Indeed, the Union will have to determine a new institutional framework including different models with respect to its integration structure. Furthermore, one can see that a multi-speed Europe is emerging step by step. In that context, the direction, which will be chosen by the EU, is of critical importance as regards to Turkey’s EU membership objective.

    Secondly, Britain’s new relationship with the EU will constitute a new model which will have to be explored thoroughly by Turkey. It is of utmost importance to take into consideration a new model which would include Turkey’s participation in certain policy areas and enable its access to the EU internal market by keeping in mind the objective of full integration of Turkey into the EU.

    The results of the Brexit referendum do not mean the end of the EU but rather a new beginning for the EU.

    MAY 2016: PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR EU MEMBERSHIP IS AT 75.5%

    IKV CHAIRMAN AYHAN ZEYTİNOĞLU: THIS HIGH LEVEL SHOWS PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR STRENTGHENED RELATIONS WITH THE EU.

    Each year, at the occasion of Europe Day which celebrates the foundation of the European Communities through the Schuman Charter, we look back at Turkey-EU relations. Turkey-EU relations have gained impetus following the refugee crisis. As a result, intensified efforts have been made since April to meet the criteria included within the framework of the Visa Liberalisation Roadmap.

     “XENOPHOBIA AND OPPOSITION TO MIGRANTS ARE POSING A SERIOUS THREAT FOR THE FUTURE OF THE EU”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu touched upon the importance of the enduring relationship between Turkey and the EU and further added that relations have seen a revitalisation lately thanks to the mutual cooperation regarding the refugee crisis and Visa Liberalisation process. He expressed his wish for the accession negotiations to continue within that framework. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu added the following:

    “We are seeing the values that make Europe what it is are under threat on this 9 May Europe Day. In these difficult times, it is of utmost importance for the EU to preserve its multicultural and open structure. Xenophobia and opposition to migrants are posing a serious threat for the future of the EU”.

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu reminded that regardless of all difficulties and obstacles, the revitalisation of Turkey’s EU perspective is a strategic objective for both our country and for Europe. Furthermore, he explained that Turkey is in a key location in finding long lasting solutions to the issues faced by the EU.

     “RELATIONS WITH THE EU SHOULD BE REVITALISED WITH A CLEAR MEMBERSHIP PERSPECTIVE; THE REMAINING CRITERIA IN THE VISA LIBERALISATION PROCESS SHOULD BE FULFILLED”

    IKV Chairman highlighted the importance of revitalised relations which have seen increased activism thanks to the refugee agreement and the visa liberalisation process with a clear membership perspective and from the point of view of economic growth, democratisation and rule of law. As such, he called upon the completion of the remaining criteria within the framework of the visa liberalisation process without delay:

    “Our Government and Parliament have fulfilled active legislative work in order to meet the remaining criteria of the Visa Liberalisation Roadmap with the EU in April and have thus completed 67 out of the 72 criteria. The latest evaluation report published by the European Commission on 4 May 2016 welcomed the efforts made by Turkey and, although underlining the need for more time to be given in order to meet the remaining discrepancies in the last 5 criteria with respect to the publication of biometric passports and the implementation of the Readmission Agreement with the EU, recommended the lifting of the Schengen visa for Turkish citizens.  The next step will consist in Turkey working hard and fast in order to meet the remaining criteria before the voting of the Commission’s recommendation at the European Council and the EP”.

    Moreover, Chairman Zeytinoğlu touched upon to the issue of broadening the reference to terrorism within the framework of the anti-terror legislation which is also present in the criteria that Turkey has yet to fulfil. IKV Chairman stressed the importance of ensuring peace and security in Turkey in the context of the fight against terrorism. In a period where news of casualties in the anti-terror operations continues to come, he highlighted the need for the EU to keep in mind the extremely sensitive situation that Turkey is currently being faced with. Furthermore, Chairman Zeytinoğlu explained the need for Turkey to implement all of the necessary legislation with respect to freedom of speech within the framework of the Council of Europe standards in order to achieve further efforts in the EU accession and visa liberalisation processes.

     “PUBLIC SUPPORT IS MORE THAN EVER NEEDED IN ORDER TO STRENGTHEN RELATIONS WITH THE EU”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also explained the results of a survey realised by Realta Public Research Company on behalf of IKV on 9 May Europe Day. The survey was realised on 23-24 April 2016 and helped in evaluating the approach towards the EU and the level of support for EU membership. It was performed upon a total of 1254 participants representing an 18 and above age electoral population across Turkey. There have been a total of 18 provinces where the survey has been performed (Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Manisa, Eskişehir, Bursa, Trabzon, Adana, Mersin, Diyarbakır, Gaziantep, Amasya, Sakarya, Malatya, Ağrı, Aydın, Batman and Samsun) and the quantitative research method has been used.

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu briefed the results of the survey as follows:

     “According to the results laid down by the survey, 75.5% of people in Turkey are in favour of EU membership whilst 24.5% are opposed. Whilst the level of support was 61.8% in 2015, we are seeing that the level of support rose from 13 points this year. Taking into account the fact that our relations with the EU have been revitalised lately in the context of the refugee agreement, this high level of support is clear testimony of public opinion’s support for the process. Whilst 45.4% of those supporting EU membership are expecting further prosperity and economic development with membership, 35.8% are expecting free movement, settlement and education opportunities and the remaining 33.8% are expecting the development of democracy and human rights with the membership.

    Regarding the question of what does the EU represent for you, the most common answers are as follows: high level of prosperity and economic development (44%), democracy and freedom (35%), culture and civilisation (27%), free movement and the lifting of the borders (20%), common standards and harmonisation (15%).

    In the survey, we also asked participants whether they believed Turkey would eventually become an EU member. Whilst 35.6% said they believed it would happen, 64.4% said that they did not believe Turkey would become an EU member. Therefore, whilst support for EU membership is at a high level among public opinion, the belief in the concrete realisation of EU membership is low. These assessments, showing the perception of the EU among public opinion, will help us in better analysing the ongoing process”.

    APRIL 2016: TURKEY-EU HIGH LEVEL ECONOMIC DIALOGUE PROCESS BRINGS IMPORTANT OPPORTUNITIES

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu assessed the Turkey-EU High Level Economic Dialogue Process as followed: “The contribution of the Turkish business world and the civil society is extremely important for successfully carrying out accession negotiations and achieving the final goal of our country which is EU membership. There is high potential in terms of economic cooperation between the parties. The key is Turkey’s participation to the TTIP process and the revision of the Customs Union.

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoglu delivered statements regarding the Turkey-EU High Level Economic Dialogue meeting which was held in Istanbul and Ankara on 25-26 April 2016.

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu underlined that the key to the Turkey-EU High Level Economic Dialogue process is Turkey’s participation to the TTIP process and the revision of the Customs Union and added the following: “Following the beginning of the political dialogue and high level energy dialogue between Turkey and the EU, the first concrete step has been taken in establishing the third forum of dialogue with represents economic dialogue. The meeting is of tremendous importance as it brings together for the first time on the same table representatives from ministries from Turkey and the EU, Commissioners along with business representatives and is an opportunity to voice the current issues in bilateral relations and to find solutions in that respect. 

    Undoubtedly, the economic and commercial ties between Turkey and the EU are very strong. Nowadays, Turkey representing the 7th largest economy in Europe has become the 6th largest trade partner of the EU by raising its trade volume at 71.2 billion euros with the EU in the first 6 months of 2015. The EU where we are performing approximately 40 percent of our external trade is continuing to be Turkey’s largest trade partner with a total trade volume of 142.7 billion dollars in 2015. Approximately 70 percent of FDI coming to Turkey originates from the EU. As it has been pointed out numerous times within the framework of the Progress Reports, thanks to the establishment of the Customs Union, Turkey’s trade integration with the EU is at a high level. However, changing conditions, along with an increased global competition are directly affecting both the EU and Turkey. Therefore, as the only specialised institution of the Turkish business world regarding Turkey-EU relations, in a time when rules are being reshaped in the global arena, we believe that obstacles in front of trade and investment for both parties need to be lifted in order to strengthen economic and trade relations between the parties, for Turkey to successfully implement its structural reforms, to accelerate the revision of the Customs Union and to have Turkey participate in the TTIP process. 

    We, as IKV, would like to underline once more the following points which we brought to the attention at the occasion of the High Level Economic Dialogue: 

    - High-level dialogues between Turkey and EU must be complementing Turkey’s EU accession process; in other words, it should bring our country closer to its goal of EU membership. 

    - Next year, a new period is about to unfold in our bilateral relations as the Customs Union will be revised. In that process, comprehensive solutions should be brought to problems faced by our country in its free trade agreements and transportation quotas issues. 

    - There should not be any deviation from the agenda fixed towards the lifting of visas with the goal of having visas removed in June 2016. 

    - The fact that some chapters in Turkey’s EU accession process are blocked is in contradiction with a democratic approach and is impeding a sound development of the relations.  

    - Turkey should absolutely be involved in the TTIP process. 

    - The next High Level Economic Dialogue meeting will be held in Brussels in 2017. Until this meeting, Turkey’s structural reform agenda and the reforms it foresees for 2016 should be implemented. 

    MARCH 2016: WE STRONGLY CONDEMN THE TERROR ATTACK IN BRUSSELS

    WE STRONGLY CONDEMN THE TERROR ATTACK IN BRUSSELS

    22 March 2016, Istanbul

    We strongly condemn the terror attacks which struck today in Brussels which caused the loss of many people. We express our profound condolences to all Belgian people. We would like to extend our sincere condolences to the families of those who lost their lives and wish a fast recovery to those injured.

    These terrorist attacks have shown once again its cruel and inhumane face. We condemn all acts of terrorism and renew our call to the international community to join hands and form a united front against terrorism.


    Ayhan ZEYTİNOĞLU
    Chairman of the Economic Development Foundation 

    MARCH 2016: THE DEAL REACHED ON 18 MARCH POINTS TO A NEW ERA IN TURKEY-EU RELATIONS

    IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU: THE DEAL REACHED ON 18 MARCH POINTS TO A NEW ERA IN TURKEY-EU RELATIONS

    21 March 2016, Istanbul

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu analysed the key points of the Turkey-EU deal

    Chairman of the Economic Development Foundation (IKV) Ayhan Zeytinoğlu, stated that the deal on refugees reached in the Turkey-EU Summit on 18 March 2016, paves the way for an era for effective cooperation and working together between Turkey and the EU in preventing irregular migration. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that Turkey-EU cooperation on irregular migration, provided that it is carried out carefully, could restore mutual trust between Turkey and the EU and could have positive implications on various other aspects of the relationship.

    Referring to the fact that the proposals put forward by Prime Minister Davutoğlu on 7 March 2016, concerning the resettlement of a Syrian from Turkey in EU member states for each Syrian taken from Greek islands and the realization in June 2016 of visa-free travel by Turkish citizens were endorsed by the EU, IKV Chairman indicated that this could be regarded as a diplomatic victory.

    “We need to fulfil the criteria for visa-free travel by end of April”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu underscored that in order to obtain visa-free travel by end of June 2016; Turkey needed to fulfil the remaining criteria outlined in the visa liberalisation roadmap by end of April 2016.

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu expressed as follows:

    “According to the Commission’s assessment, Turkey has only fulfilled 35 out of 72 criteria. We only have approximately one month to fulfil criteria such as renewing the biometric passports so as to be compatible with the EU, ratifying some of the Conventions of the Council of Europe, aligning the visa system with that of the EU, strengthening border controls and reinforcing cooperation with the EU for preventing irregular immigration and fighting against crime.

    “The readmission of refugees depends on the classification of Turkey as the ‘safe third country’ ”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu explained that all new irregular migrants crossing from Turkey to Greece as of 20 March 2016 will be returned to Turkey and that for every Syrian being returned to Turkey another Syrian will be resettled to the EU. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu further stated that in order for this mechanism to operate effectively, the EU will give its support to both parties. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu further explained that the refugees reaching Greek island would be registered and those whose request of political asylum has been denied or application has been considered inadmissible would be returned to Turkey. Taking into account the quotas on voluntary basis that are not yet used by EU members and the foreseen additional quota, it is estimated that the number of Syrians who would be resettled from Turkey to EU countries would be amounting to 72 000.

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu added that:

    “Readmission of irregular migrants to Turkey depends on the classification of Turkey as the “safe third country” which would ensure the protection of the rights of migrants and provide all persons who are in need of international protection. The application of the procedure will start with the readmission of refugees to Turkey. For this purpose, a mechanism will be established with the support of the European Commission, EU agencies, Member States and UNHCR. Currently 892 officials are working in Greece which needs to be increased to 2300 for the effective implementation of such mechanism regarding readmission of migrants.

    “Opening of Chapter 33 is an important step but it is not enough. The vetoes on chapters should be removed.”

    Underlining the decision to open the Chapter 33 on Financial and Budgetary Provisions under the Dutch Presidency of the European Council, IKV Chariman Zeytinoğlu mentioned that the vetoes on Chapters on Energy; Judiciary and Fundamental Rights; Justice, Freedom and Security; Education and Culture; as well as the Chapter on Foreign, Security and Defence Policy should be removed. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu added that “if the EU’s is sincere in its support, they should open the Chapter on Judiciary and Fundamental Rights for Turkey to overcome the obstacles which Turkey faces strong criticism.”

    Lastly, underlining the importance of the burden sharing between Turkey and the EU for improving the humanitarian situation in Syria, IKV Chairman stated that the resolution of conflicts in Syria as well as in other conflict-prone regions of the world is essential for a permanent solution.

    MARCH 2016:THE REFUGEE DEAL BETWEEN TURKEY AND THE EU CANNOT BE FURTHER DELAYED

    THE REFUGEE DEAL BETWEEN TURKEY AND THE EU CANNOT BE FURTHER DELAYED: THE EU MUST ASSUME ITS RESPONSIBILITY FOR AN URGENT SOLUTION

    17 MARCH 2016

    It can be observed that EU Member States do not have yet a clear position regarding the plan submitted by Turkey to the EU during the Turkey-EU Summit held on 7 March. According to Brussels-based news reports, there is still uncertainty among EU Member States concerning the acceptability of the conditions put forward by Turkey. The EU request that Turkey first put into good use  the 3 billion euros foreseen for the period 2016-2017 before granting the additional 3 billion euros demanded by Turkey until 2018.

    Although the Turkey-EU Summit held on 7 March was reflected in the public as a bazaar-type of bargaining on the refugee issue, it should be noted that the aid demanded by Turkey will only be used for improving the situation of refugees. Moreover, it should not be forgotten that the refugee crisis is an issue of common interest for both Turkey and the EU. Ensuring refugees their access to services and the protection of their rights as well as improving their situation where they are risking their life to go to the EU and are waiting under hard conditions along the borders, is a matter of humanity rather than a bargain. To achieve this, it is essential not only for the EU but the world community of States to create a functioning mechanism that would transfer funds to improve the situation of the refugees.

    “Turkish authorities are aware that the visa liberalisation towards Turkish citizens depends on the fulfilment of 72 criteria embodied in the visa Liberalisation Roadmap. What Turkey expects from the EU is an objective, constructive and facilitating attitude in assessing Turkey’s progress with regard to the requirements that need to be fulfilled.”

    On the second issue regarding the realization of the visa liberalisation in June 2016, EU leaders underline the need for fulfilling the requirements of the Turkey-EU Visa Liberalisation Roadmap. The European Commission published the Second Report on Progress by Turkey in Fulfilling the Requirements of its Visa Liberalisation Roadmap on 4 March 2016. The Report notes the areas where progress had already been achieved in the fulfilment of the criteria and notes, in total, 46 remaining requirements to be fulfilled. Turkey should continue the process and should implement the required reforms among which the first requirement is the effective implementation of the Turkey-EU Readmission Agreement related to third-country nationals as of 1 June 2016.

    It is already known that the visa liberalisation within the framework of the Turkey-EU refugee deal depends on the fulfilment of these requirements. Turkey is aware that this requirement should be fulfilled while proposing to move forward the date for the visa liberalisation to June 2016. Turkey should implement major legal reforms to fulfil these requirements in the following two months. What Turkey expects from the EU is an objective and constructive attitude in assessing Turkey’s progress with regard to the requirements that need to be fulfilled. Based on this, a real progress can be achieved in building mutual trust between the parties.


    “The optimal solution to the refugee crisis and further irregular migration would be to tackle it within the framework of Turkey’s accession negotiations with the EU.”

    Finally, the EU is remaining impartial in regards to Turkey's request to accelerate the accession negotiations. If this uncertainty remains, this would put all relations into jeopardy.  Surely under the condition that Turkey pursues its political reform process and progresses in areas such as the independence of the judiciary and freedom of the press, it is essential to move forward in the negotiation process in order for Turkey-EU relations to continue to evolve on a healthier basis. It is also imperative to lift the obstacles remaining regarding the opening of chapters such as judiciary and fundamental rights; justice, freedom and security; energy; foreign, security and defense policy.

    In the final analysis, the optimal solution to the refugee crisis and further irregular migration would be to tackle it within the framework of Turkey’s accession negotiations with the EU. In the event of the EU preferring not to revitalize this process and opting rather for short term solutions to this issue, it would mean nothing less than postponing the resolution of this pending problem. ?

     

     

    MARCH 2016: WE STRONGLY CONDEMN THE TERROR ATTACK IN ANKARA

    WE STRONGLY CONDEMN THE TERROR ATTACK IN ANKARA

    14 March 2016

     

    We strongly condemn the terror attacks which struck Ankara yesterday and express our condolences to the victims and our wishes for steady recovery for the injured. We hope for the end of these massacres.

    This is the fifth time our country has been struck by terrorism since July 2015. We call the international community to unite and create a common front against all kinds of terrorism. As Turkey which is one of the countries which has experienced the most vicious terror, we count on our European allies for their solidarity.  

    Ayhan ZEYTİNOĞLU
    Economic Development Foundation Chairman

    MARCH 2016: TURKEY- EU SUMMIT

    IKV CHAIRMAN AYHAN ZEYTİNOĞLU: IT IS IMPORTANT FOR TURKEY AND THE EU NOT TO SACRIFICE THE LONG-TERM RELATIONSHIP WHILE SEEKING AN URGENT SOLUTION TO THE REFUGEE CRISIS

    9 MART 2016


    Prime Minister Davutoğlu has surprised everyone when submitting to EU leaders his new demands and proposals at the Turkey-EU Summit held in Brussels on 7 Mach 2016. A day earlier, the new proposition presented by Turkey in regard to the joint action plan on the refugee crisis during the meeting held by Prime Minister Davutoğlu with Chancellor Merkel and Dutch Prime Minister Rütte are as follows:

    -To resettle, for every Syrian readmitted by Turkey from Greek islands, another Syrian from Turkey to the EU Member States,

    -To speed up the disbursement of the initially allocated 3 billion euros and to provide Turkey with an extra 3 billion euros to help Turkey deal with Syrian refugees through to the end of 2018. ( To provide a financial assistance of 6 billion euros in total)

    -To move forward the completion of the visa liberalization process for Turkish citizens at the latest by the end of June 2016 instead of October 2016

    -To open new chapters in the accession negotiations to give momentum to Turkey’s ongoing EU accession negotiations. 

    Considering Turkey’s proposal, it could be reasonable to set June 2016 for the completion of the visa liberalization process which is the same date when the Readmission Agreement is scheduled to enter into force. In this way, it would be ensured those two relevant issues go into operation simultaneously. In other words, 46 criteria out of the 72 within the framework of the second visa liberalization roadmap published on 4 March 2016 should be fulfilled.

    Among these conditions, there are many benchmarks such as preventing passport forgery, enhancing the coastal guard command’s capacity, empowering the border control, ensuring that the relevant European Council Conventions are signed and ratified, aligning passports with the European standards, introducing visas for nationals of other potential sources of irregular migration, adopting legislation on the protection of personal data and some other key issues in line with EU and CoE standards.

    The Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM), the Turkish government and all related ministries need to rapidly move forward to meet these objectives. Moreover, the visa liberalization goal should be supported by all segments of society. Nonetheless, one should note that even if visa-free travel did materialize for Turkish citizens, there is always a risk of being turned back at the EU Member States’ crossing points. Therefore, the Turkish public should be informed of these possibilities.

    Whilst the funds that are requested by Turkey could be interpreted as bargaining, it should be considered more from the perspective of burden sharing with the EU.  Keeping in mind that the refugee issue is a continuing problem and that it is expected from Turkey to readmit irregular migrants, who are currently in the EU within the framework of the readmission mechanism, it could be perceived more as a problem of migration management. It is not possible to expect from Turkey to assume the entire financial burden in that respect. From that perspective, it is of utmost importance for such funds to be maintained and to be implemented in the context of a strong and effective cooperation between Turkey and the EU.

    As for the issue of resettling for every Syrian readmitted by Turkey from Greek islands, another Syrian from Turkey to the EU Member States, it should be kept in mind that Syrian nationals, as individuals who are fleeing from war are enjoying the right to be provided with international protection. Within that framework, the accommodation of Syrian nationals in EU countries is a reality of international law. Furthermore, one should remind that the quota of 160,000 people with respect to Syrian refugees has still not been shared among EU countries. Moreover, some Member States have revealed that they would put in a referendum the issue of quota which falls upon them. The reluctance shown by many EU countries to accommodate within their realm Syrian refugees currently present in Turkish camps has rendered it a fair but unrealistic objective. In that situation, it is critical for Turkey to tread carefully by taking into account the EU’s realities.

    Finally, Turkey’s request to reinvigorate the accession process is a fair one. However, one should remind that for the chapters on Energy; Judiciary and Fundamental Rights; Justice, Freedom and Security and Foreign, Security and Defence Policy to be opened to negotiations; the veto imposed by the Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus must be lifted.  Moreover, in order to create a positive impetus in the accession negotiations by virtue of the rapprochement between the parties on the refugee crisis, Turkey should accelerate its reform process and take into account EU standards especially in issues regarding independence of the judiciary and freedom of expression and of the press.

     

    MARCH 2016: THE LIGHT AT THE END OF THE TUNNEL FOR VISA-FREE TRAVEL CAN BE SEEN

    THE LIGHT AT THE END OF THE TUNNEL FOR VISA-FREE TRAVEL CAN BE SEEN BUT TURKEY STILL NEEDS TO DO ITS HOMEWORK ON 46 CRITERIA

    7 March 2016

    The European Commission published on 4 March 2016 its second Report assessing the progress made by Turkey in terms of fulfilling the requirements of its visa liberalisation roadmap. As the report was being revealed, European Commissioner for Migration, Home Affairs and Citizenship Dimitris Avramopoulos expressed his satisfaction in Turkey’s progress although it is in the frontline of the Syrian refugee crisis. In the report published before today’s critical Turkey-EU Summit, there an assessment of Turkey’s progress in meeting the 72 criteria in order to achieve visa liberalisation has been made.

    The report not only details the progress that has already been achieved by Turkey but also reminds the 46 criteria which still need to be implemented by Turkey. These requirements, which have been translated into Turkish by IKV just after its publication by the Commission, include criteria with respect to migration management and the Readmission Agreement. According to these criteria, Turkey is expected to achieve further progress in combating irregular migration, preventing migration smuggling, implementing Turkey-EU Readmission Agreement, enhancing border controls, adapting the visa regime, advancing in the fight against organized crime and corruption as well as making further progress regarding the law on data protection and the law on the fight against all forms of discrimination. Only when Turkey will meet all these criteria, it will be possible to lift the visa requirements for Turkish citizens in October 2016.

    Visa-Free Travel Will Be Achieved if Turkey Fulfils All of the Criteria

    Along with the second report on the visa liberalisation roadmap, the Commission also published a Staff Working Document where it assesses Turkey’s progress till this day and the possible effects of visa liberalisation upon migration. The Commission also evaluates the effect of visa liberalisation upon migration flows as it conducted a research regarding the assumptions that migration towards the EU would increase and a security risk would be created as a result of lifting visa requirements on Turkish citizens. Whilst the Commission recognises that visa liberalisation may have an effect in increasing to some extent the migration towards Member States which have a sizeable Turkish diaspora, it stressed that it would have a limited effect. Such a positive assessment, whilst also being based on Turkey’s capacity in meeting the remaining criteria, significantly strengthens the possibility for the Commission to propose to lift the visas for Turkish citizens in October 2016.  

    The document also assessed the level of progress achieved by Turkey to this day and evaluated the 72 criteria included within the framework of the Turkey-EU Visa Liberalisation Dialogue Roadmap as follows:

    - Requirement fulfilled;

    - Almost fulfilled;

    - Fulfilled only partially, but with good prospects for further progress;

    - Only partially fulfilled;

    - Requirement not fulfilled.

    According to this classification, while considering the categories “requirement fulfilled”, “almost fulfilled” and “fulfilled only partially, but with good prospects for further progress”, it can be concluded that Turkey his already or is close in meeting 57 criteria out of 72 criteria.

    The most important pending issue remains the entry of third country nationals to the EU through Turkey. Whilst this number was 57,000 in 2011; it increased approximately 15 times and reached 888,000 in 2015. Following the Turkey-EU Summit which was held on 29 November 2015 and where the parties agreed on a joint action plan, the Commission recognises Turkey’s increased efforts in this particular area. Furthermore, the decrease in the number of irregular migrants entering the EU through Turkey and the implementation of the Turkey-EU Readmission Agreement in June 2016 represents sine qua non conditions for the EU.

    Economic Development Foundation

     

    MARCH 2016: IF THE EU WANTS TO CONTINUE WITH THE SCHENGEN AREA, IT MUST ASSUME ITS RESPONSIBILITIES

     

    4 March 2016

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu reacted to the latest developments regarding the cooperation between Turkey and the EU in the refugee crisis and Turkey’s obligations before the Turkey-EU Summit which is scheduled to take place on 7 March 2016 in Brussels. Reminding that one of the most important principles and gains of the EU which is the principle of free movement is under threat, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu explained that the solution stems from a strong and honest cooperation with Turkey.

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu added the following regarding the refugee crisis: “Last year, nearly 885,000 migrants have entered Greece through Turkey. In spite of tough winter conditions, this number rose to 110,000 between 17 December 2015-31 January 2016. Such numbers which are unprecedented constitute a strong pressure on the EU system. Indeed, the Schengen system which was formed step by step since 1985 is under threat. In the last summer season, German Chancellor Angela Merkel had come on board to try to find a common solution to this issue but did not receive unfortunately the necessary support from most EU Member States. Whilst with the quota system it was envisaged that the EU countries would share 160,000 refugees, they only accepted 40,000. Lastly, as countries such as Austria, Hungary and Slovenia have taken measures to close their borders; Member States such as France, Belgium and Denmark have resumed border controls as a result of the terror threat. In brief, such a chaotic atmosphere is threatening one of the most important principles and gains of the EU which is the principle of free movement”.

    Within the framework of cooperation between the parties, while the Readmission Agreement between Turkey and the EU is scheduled to enter into force in June 2016, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stressed that such a situation would create additional pressure upon Turkey by increasing the number of refugees already present in Turkey. Stressing that according to the provisions of the Readmission Agreement, Turkey has to provide temporary protection for political refugees, he indicated that the remaining will have to be send back to their country of origins by signing readmission agreements with these countries in question.

    Reminding that a variety of problems may arose at the implementation stage and highlighting that the only solution for the continuation of the Schengen Area in the EU stems from effective and honest cooperation with Turkey, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu added these following steps need to be taken by Turkey and the EU:

    - Turkey cannot shoulder and should not shoulder the responsibility of such a process alone. The EU should see that such an issue cannot be solved only through Turkey’s efforts and it should keep its promise of accepting more refugees and assisting Turkey in bringing the necessary technical and financial support regarding the integration of refugees living in Turkey. Furthermore, one should acknowledge that this is a common issue and there is no magic solution and as such, both parties should create common decision and implementation reflexes.

    - By signing the Readmission Agreement with the EU and by accepting the Joint Action Plan on 29 November 2015, Turkey has committed itself to certain obligations. It is of utmost importance for its international reputation to meet those obligations. 

    - Turkey is a candidate country to the EU and has the ambition of having a say in the shaping of Europe’s future. As such, by stressing that the EU is not ignoring the enduring problems, it should explain especially to the EU public through a communication campaign that it is playing an active role in trying to find and long lasting solution to the problem.

    - In order for Turkey to accept the refugees which are to be readmitted in its realm, there should be documents proving that such individuals have entered the EU through Turkey. Moreover, within the framework of a joint committee between Turkey and the EU, joint decisions should be taken regarding whether Turkey is in a position to accept or not refugees which the EU is requesting to be readmitted. It is expected that Turkish officials will take an active role in this committee. In the event of further important issues in the implementation, there is a possibility that the agreement might be suspended. Within the conditions of increased border controls and effective measures against migrant smuggling, one should not think that with the implementation of the Readmission Agreement, there would be an uncontrolled reverse flow of refugees.

    - As migration flows are entering on a large scale the EU in Greece through, it is of critical importance that cooperation is reinforced between both countries. Following the Turkey-EU Summit in Brussels on 7 March 2016, prime ministers of both countries are scheduled to come together in Izmir and will consult each other with respect to enhancing their cooperation in the fight against migrant smuggling and the control of migrant entries through the Aegean Sea within the framework of a process which also includes NATO. Regardless of the fact that one country is within the EU and the other is not, both countries which share a similar fate should develop common plans in that regard.

    - Finally, Turkey should remind EU its own responsibilities and encourage embracing a gentle approach as well as in the context of the Turkey-EU Summit in Brussels on 7 March 2016.  It should be stressed that the only credible solution stems from solidarity and joint action within the EU and that all EU Member States should strengthen their efforts in order to solve this human issue within the framework of their own respective capacities.

    FEBRUARY 2016: WE CONDEMN THE TERRORIST ATTACK TAKEN PLACE IN ANKARA

    PRESS RELEASE

    18 February 2016

    We condemn the terrorist attack which took place yesterday in Ankara and extend our condolences to those who lost their lives and wish a fast recovery to those injured. These terrorist attacks have shown once again its cruel and inhuman face. We condemn all acts of terrorism and call all international community to join hand and form a united front against the terrorism.  

    Ayhan ZEYTİNOĞLU 

    IKV Chairman

     

    FEBRUARY 2016: IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU CALLING FOR A BALANCED TURKEY REPORT

    IKV PRESS RELEASE

    15 February 2016

    IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU CALLING FOR A BALANCED TURKEY REPORT

     

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu reacted to the Turkey report prepared by MEP and current Turkey Rapporteur Kati Piri. It is expected that the report will be discussed at the Foreign Affairs Committee of the European Parliament on 16 February 2016.

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that the points highlighted regarding the state of freedom of expression and the need for an independent media in the report are accurate, underlining that freedom of press and expression are sine qua non conditions for the democratization and development of Turkey. Moreover, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that the emphasis put upon the question of state of law is of critical importance and he called upon the political obstacles which are preventing Chapters 23 and 24 to be swiftly removed in order for Turkey to further progress in the above mentioned areas. IKV Chairman added that “If the EU is sincere about their intention towards Turkey; they will take action to open Chapters 23 and 24 immediately”.

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also referred to the current situation in Southeastern Turkey and counter-terrorism. He was quoted as saying the following:

    “It is indicated in the report that the situation in Southeastern Turkey is a significant source of concern. Turkey has a legitimate right to fight against terrorism and this should also be indicated in the report. The report also condemns the violence and attacks against security forces and civilians perpetrated by the PKK terror organization.  We are expecting the EU to stand with Turkey to fight against terrorism. Undoubtedly, if current events in Southeastern Turkey, such as trenches, arms piles, bombings and attacks, were to take place in any EU Member State, our European allies would not hesitate to take strong measures in order to restore security and State authority. “

    IKV Chairman noted that the emphasis put upon the respect for human rights and the rule of law while providing security in the Southeastern region in the report is of utmost importance. Moreover, he touched upon calls for ceasefire and returning back to the resolution process immediately. He reminded that providing peace and returning back to the solution process can only be possible if PKK terror organization stops the violence and lay down its weapons.

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also commented to the situation of Syrian refugees which has been mentioned in the report. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu welcomed the fact that the report praises Turkey’s open door policy towards refugees. In addition, he stressed the importance for the EU to become more active in the issue of burden-sharing and take a more effective role in solving the current pending issues in order to improve the status of refugees.

    Finally, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated that IKV will continue to follow closely how the report is evolving following Commission meetings and when it will be tackled within the framework of the EP General Plenary. He further added that IKV is expecting the report to be supportive and encouraging as regards Turkey’s revitalized EU accession process.

    FEBRUARY 2016: “AN IMPORTANT STEP HAS BEEN ACHIEVED TOWARDS EFFECTIVE COOPERATION IN THE REFUGEE ISSUE”

    IKV PRESS RELEASE

    4 FEBRUARY 2016
     

    IKV CHAIRMAN AYHAN ZEYTİNOĞLU: WE WELCOME THE EU’S APPROVAL OF THE 3 BILLION EURO FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
    “AN IMPORTANT STEP HAS BEEN ACHIEVED TOWARDS EFFECTIVE COOPERATION IN THE REFUGEE ISSUE”


    As announced by the European Commission on 3 February 2016, the agreement on a financial assistance amounting to 3 billion euros to Turkey regarding the refugee action plan has been accepted. The amount which was to be deducted from the EU budget was at first settled to 500 million euros but was later raised to 1 billion euros. The contribution of Member States increased to a total of 2 billion euros as indicated in the table below. Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Italy and Spain are the largest contributing countries.

    Furthermore, whilst one should welcome the fact that an agreement has been reached on this subject with the EU, we should not forget that Turkey is hosting currently on its own more than 2.5 million refugees and spent more than 7 billion euros in that purpose.

    This constitutes a first step in enhancing the cooperation for the refugee crisis in terms of facilitating the access of Syrian refugees to education, health and social services through this 3 billion euros fund. Since this a common concern of humanity, stronger and more effective cooperation should be pursued in the future in this area.

    Ayhan ZEYTİNOĞLU
    IKV Chairman

     

            Table: Contributions of Member States Regarding the 3 Billion Euros Fund (in milion euros)

  • DECEMBER 2015: A SOLUTION TO THE REFUGEE CRISIS WITHOUT TURKEY IS NOT POSSIBLE

    PRESS RELEASE 

    17 DECEMBER 2015

    A SOLUTION TO THE REFUGEE CRISIS WITHOUT TURKEY IS NOT POSSIBLE
     

    Turkey will meet with leaders of EU Member States a second time in a month within the framework of finding a solution to the refugee crisis.

    Following the Turkey-EU Summit which was held on 29 November 2015, leaders of Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Greece, Sweden, Austria, Finland and Turkey are getting together today in Brussels in a mini summit in order to find a solution to the refugee crisis. At the meeting entitled “Like-minded countries in the migration issue” where President of the European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker was also present, the leaders are scheduled to find a solution to Europe’s migration crisis as the migration flow is nearing 1 million. It is yet not clear whether France will attend the mini summit.

    The notion of “Like-minded countries in the migration issue” was set up before the Turkey-EU Summit which was held on 29 November 2015 as nine Member States under the leadership of Germany had shown their common approach and decision to uphold their responsibilities regarding the “relocation of refugees”. In the mini summit where Turkey has been invited and which will be held before the EU Leaders Summit of 17-18 December 2015, along with the issue of “relocation” of Syrian refugees among EU countries, the issues of border safety and stronger fight against human trafficking will also be discussed. Moreover, the mini summit should also have an effect upon the results of the EU Leaders Summit.

    As it is known, Europe which is faced with one of the greatest migration flows in its history had decided to act in coordination with Turkey in tackling the refugee crisis and an intense diplomatic traffic was carried out between the parties in the last months. It is important to note that Europe has shown willingness and enthusiasm to share the burden with Turkey in the refugee crisis and this summit is a significant step towards finding a long lasting solution to this pending issue.  Furthermore, the fact that Turkey has been invited to this summit shows that no solution to the crisis can be found without Turkey.

    As “Turkey’s EU Expert”, IKV continues to support the revitalisation of Turkey-EU relations in the 10th anniversary of the beginning of accession negotiations, and further acknowledging the humanitarian dimension of the refugee crisis, we would like to express our satisfaction in the willingness in both parties to find a common solution to the refugee crisis.

    As IKV, we would like to see that this strengthened cooperation leads to further progress and that this activity has also a positive effect upon our country’s accession negotiations’ process.

    In that context, we are waiting for the visa liberalisation process to be accelerated; give new impetus to the negotiations process and the implementation of decisions which have been taken at the highest level between the parties in that respect.

    As always, we are calling our country to accelerate its reforms and Europe to take steps forward in the accession process.   

    Economic Development Foundation

     

    NOVEMBER 2015: THE ARREST OF TWO JOURNALISTS IS IN CONTRADICTION WITH THE EU MEMBERSHIP OBJECTIVE

    The arrest of Cumhuriyet Newspaper Editor-in-Chief Can Dündar and Ankara Representative Erdem Gül  who wrote about the ongoing investigation regarding the trucks belonging to National Intelligence Organization’s (MIT) is a worrying development for freedom of press and expression in our country. Freedom of the press is an essential value and norm for a democratic and free society. This decision will lead to further limitations on freedom of press and will strengthen the practice of auto-censorship for the preparation and publication of news. Freedom of press has been one of the most criticized issues in the 2015 Turkey Progress Report published by the European Commission. Turkey’s EU membership objective dates back to 1959 with its application for association and it became a state policy and a societal project. For this objective to be reached, it is imperative for Turkey to pursue its reform process for its alignment with EU norms and standards. As Turkey’s EU expert and a civil society organisation which has been working on this area since its foundation in 1965, IKV calls upon all related parties and members of the judiciary to respect and not to contravene freedom of press which is an EU norm and a universal value.  

    NOVEMBER 2015: THE RESULTS OF TURKEY-EU LEADERS SUMMIT PRESENTS AN OPPORTUNITY TO REVIVE TURKEY’S ACCESSION PROCESS

    At the Turkey-EU Leaders Summit organized following the request of the President of EU Council Donald Tusk, cooperation to manage the migration crisis and new steps to revive Turkey-EU relations were discussed.

    The migration flows from Turkey to the EU has given the opportunity to give a fresh start in Turkey-EU relations. In response to the EU’s expectations of Turkey’s migration management, it is foreseen to revive Turkey’s EU accession process by opening new chapters to negotiations, notably Chapter 17 on ‘Economic and Monetary Policy’ and carrying out preparatory works for the opening of other chapters; targeting the visa liberalisation by October 2016,  organizing regular summits,  two per year among parties; launching High Level Dialogue on Economy; modernizing the Customs Union and starting the negotiations for the Customs Union’s revision by the end of 2016 and ensuring an additional financial aid of 3 billion euros in fight against irregular migration.

    As IKV, we welcome the fresh beginning on Turkey’s relations with the EU. In addition to the comments made by Turkish Prime Minister which have emphasized Turkey’s EU membership target and Turkey’s place within the European family of nations, the fact that the Presidents of the Commission and the Council are speaking about Turkey as a candidate country and emphasizing that their relations go well-beyond the migration issue, present a hopeful message.  It is essential to take good profit of the revitalization of Turkey-EU relations on the occasion of the migration crisis. In this respect, it is of vital importance that in addition to the technical and administrative cooperation, Turkey should pursue its reforms in the areas of democracy, fundamental rights and freedoms.

    Furthermore, it is essential to put an end to the war in Syria with the involvement of all parties and international actors in order to overcome the refugee crisis. The common approach on terrorism and migration adopted by the countries during the G20 Summit in Antalya early this month should be implemented without further delay.

    In this respect, as IKV, we are supporting all these processes that bring Turkey closer to EU membership target.

    The fact that Chapter 17 on ‘Economic and Monetary Policy’ to be opened is a positive step in the EU accession negotiations. However, it should be reminded that it has been approximately one year since discussions on potential opening of this chapter have been on the table. Therefore, in reality it is not a new step to consider. The revitalisation of the whole process is also linked to the opening of critical chapters such as ‘Energy’; ‘Judiciary and Fundamental Rights’; ‘Justice, Freedom and Security’; and for chapters related to the Customs Union to be opened to negotiations implying the lifting of the blockages by some Member States and for chapters to be provisionally closed. A potential solution on Cyprus issue during the year 2016, will help lifting the obstacles and lead to opening of 14 chapters to negotiations. Furthermore, the removal of the decision taken in 2006 by the Council which prevents the provisional closing of chapters will also help revitalise the negotiations process. In that respect, it is of utmost importance to approach the Cyprus talks with care and to further show our support.

    It is also a positive step that both parties have decided to hold regular summits. Thus, it will be possible to discuss bilateral issues at the highest level. This is an important step which would complete the high level dialogue processes that have started. However, it is also important to highlight the necessity for such summits to be realised within the framework of the negotiations process.

    Cooperation is essential for the refugee crisis. However such a process necessitates an effective cooperation in terms of burden sharing. In that context, it is of critical importance for the EU to especially meet reasonable asylum requests and to provide technical and financial assistance. With the entry into force of the Readmission Agreement signed in 2013, the repatriation of illegal immigration to the EU through Turkey will be the case to observe. In order for the agreement to be successful, it is of utmost importance to create the legal, physical and administrative structures in Turkey; otherwise it will be very difficult for Turkey to fulfil its obligations. Indeed, the concrete solution consists, in that process, of effectively tackling the Syrian crisis and to create a new order which will provide the possibility for Syrians to go back to their homeland.

    The fact that a clear date has been given in the context of the EU-Turkey Summit with regards to the Visa Liberalisation Dialogue is a positive step. However, it is important to remind that within the framework of the Readmission Agreement and of the Visa Liberalisation Dialogue, Turkey has 72 criteria to fulfil to successfully complete the process.

    Below are some of the criteria which come to the forefront:

    -Ensuring the effective implementation of the Readmission Agreement;

    - Introducing fingerprint and biometric features to Turkish passports in use;

    - Ensuring document security in passports and visas; further enhancing cooperation with the EU in that area;

    - Carrying out adequate border checks and border surveillance along all the borders of the country to prevent illegal migration flows and strengthening cooperation with Member States and related EU institutions;

    - Implementing the Integrated Border Management Strategy;

    - Combating effectively corruption in areas such as border management, visa, customs and passports;

    - Ensuring harmony with international refugee law;

    - Abolishing issuance of visas at the borders as an ordinary procedure for the national of certain non-EU countries, and especially for countries representing a high migratory and security risk to the EU;putting in use the new Turkish visa stickers with higher security features, and stopping the use of stamp visas, introducing transit visa procedures in airports;

    - Harmonizing Turkey’s visa policy and legislation with the EU;

    - Lifting the geographical limitation posed by the Geneva Convention and ensure international protection (Turkey noted that this may only be possible through its membership of the EU);

    - Establishing a specialised body responsible for the refugee status determination procedures;

    - Providing adequate support to persons who are benefiting from the refugee status and their access to public services, ensuring their social rights and their integration;

    - Harmonizing rules related to the entry, stay or exit of foreigners in Turkey with EU legislation;

    - Gathering data regarding regular and irregular migration and creating a mechanism to monitor migration flows;

    - Creating a capacity to investigate organized illegal migration;

    - Effectively seeking to conclude and implement readmission agreements with the countries that represent sources of important illegal migration flows directed towards Turkey or the EU Member States;

    - Expelling migrants who are staying illegally or transiting and creating adequate capacity to readmit those that have been expelled by the EU;

    - Continuing and completing the implementation of the National Strategy and Action Plan on the fight against organized crime;

    - Effectively combating with human trafficking within the framework of the European Convention on Human Rights and EU standards;

    - Signing the Convention of the Council of Europe on cybercrime and the financing of terrorism;

    - Signing the relevant international conventions regarding the judiciary cooperation on criminal matters;

    - Ensuring cooperation with EU institutions such as OLAF, EUROPOL, EUROJUST as well as with EU agencies in relation with the Turkish Financial Crimes Investigation Board (MASAK);

    - Establishing legislation on personal data protection in line with EU standards;

    - Ensuring the free movement of Turkish citizens without discrimination and/or any restriction and providing information on the conditions for gaining Turkish citizenship.

    During the visa liberalisation process, the steps taken by Turkey in terms of fulfilling all these criteria depend also on EU’s constructive approach. Only then, will it be possible to have visa-free travel for Turkish nationals.  

    As mentioned bellow, the acceleration of the negotiations constitutes the most important area in Turkey’s relations with the EU. However, it is important not only to open new chapters to negotiations, but also to fulfil the political criteria especially as mentioned in the last progress report, especially on areas such as freedom of expression and assembly in order for Turkey to progress towards its membership target.

    The EU’s need for Turkey in overcoming the refugee crisis has enabled Turkey-EU relations to revive.  However, for Turkey to become a full member of the EU and to take its well-deserved place in the decision-making process, it is imperative that Turkey fulfil the political criteria and to align to EU values. Lately practices such as the arrests of journalists go in contradiction with Turkey’s EU membership goal and attest to a divergence from EU values.

    ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION (İKV)

    NOVEMBER 2015: IKV`S ASSESSMENT ON 2015 PROGRESS REPORT ON TURKEY

    IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU: “THE PROGRESS REPORT PRESENTS A ROADMAP AS WELL AS WARNING AND ENCOURAGING MESSAGES TO TURKEY”

    With its new methodology and format, the European Commission 18th Progress Report on Turkey represents the first example of the Commission’s new generation of progress reports, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu stated: “The European Commission published the first Progress Report on Turkey in 1998. The 2015 Progress Report, as the 18th Report on Turkey, has distinguishing features compared to the previous reports. It is the first time that the European Commission has prepared Progress Reports with a new format. We, as IKV, have been calling for European Commission to change the format of Progress Reports for the last two years. In this regard, we welcome this initiative taken by Commission.”

    Underlining that the first new generation Progress Report has been prepared in a more “reader-friendly” format compared to the previous reports, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu summarised the different features of the new Report: “The language of the latest report is more clear and simple. Also ‘Introduction’ part is more concise and prepared as an ‘Executive Summary’. In contrast to previous reports, the developments in the candidate countries on the EU accession negotiations annexed to the report.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu mentioned that the most significant change in the new generation progress reports has been with regards to the chapters of the acquis and added: “It is evident that the Commission has used a new, precise and consistent terminology in the part titled ‘Ability to take on the obligations of membership’. In this regard, the European Commission assesses the level of alignment and recent developments that have taken place with regard to the specific acquis chapters at the beginning of each chapter. The level of progress is categorized as ‘good progress’, ‘some progress’ and ‘no progress’ while the level of alignment to the EU acquis is summarised in five categories as ‘early stage, ‘moderately prepared’, ‘some level of preparation’, ‘good level of preparation’ and ‘well advanced’.

    Underlining that the European Commission suggests a set of measures to be taken by the candidate countries for further alignment to the EU acquis with regard to each negotiation chapter, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated that this new initiative calls for mini-assignments by the Commission to candidate countries and added: “The European Commission gives short term to-do lists to candidate countries similar to those in the visa liberalisation roadmap. In this regard, the Commission shortly and clearly presents the necessary steps to be taken.”

    IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu further highlighted the new practice with regard to the ‘Political Criteria’ which is the mostly-debated part of the Progress Reports. Pointing the more consistent and objective assessment of the Commission on this part which, in fact, relates to the issues under the negotiation chapters as well, Zeytinoğlu stated: “In the 18th Progress Report on Turkey, the section on Political Criteria is divided in different sub-sections which consists of significant developments on areas such as rule of law, governance, functioning of the judiciary, fight against corruption, fight against organised crime, freedom of expression, public administration reform. The detailed analysis on these issues, on the other hand, is presented within the context of specific negotiation chapters.”

    Underlining that the technical aspect of the accession negotiations (i.e., ability to take on the obligations of membership and the economic criteria) is now come into prominence in comparison to the political criteria with the new methodology applied to Political Criteria section, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu added: “The new generation of progress report presents a valuable ground for a more accurate, fair and objective assessment of the process which had been moving towards political means in the previous years.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu further indicated that the economic criteria has become more apparent in the recent Progress Report and stated: “It is evident that the section on economic criteria has come to the fore in the new generation of Progress Reports with the inclusion of updated data, tables and graphs. This situation provides a good reflection of the economic cooperation between Turkey and the EU to the Commission Progress Reports on Turkey.”

    IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU:  “WE FOUND THE REPORT CONSTRUCTIVE”

    Welcoming the adoption of a new approach by the Commission in its 18th Turkey Progress Report, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu explained that with its new format, the report is more constructive: “Until today, the European Commission has prepared in total 17 reports in regards to Turkey.  But these reports have not paved the way for Turkey’s EU membership. With these progress reports, the Commission has been seen and perceived as a constant mechanism criticizing Turkey. As a result, this had a negative impact on the already decreasing support among the public opinion in Turkey in regards to its potential EU membership. We, as IKV, have always argued that by changing the methodology used in the reports, candidate countries should be more encouraged in their path towards membership. The Commission has taken an important step in that end.  We welcome the Commission’s new approach and we found this new technic to be more constructive”.

    Following the Commission’s Progress Report, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu stressed that Turkey should in return reinvigorate its EU membership process. In this respect, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu explained as follows: “Following the 1 November General Election, we have now four years ahead without election. Next week we will all together welcome the new Parliament and the new Government. Furthermore we will also have a new Minister for EU Affairs. At this stage, the new Parliament and the new Government need to take into account the report and its critics to accelerate Turkey’s EU membership process”.

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu expressed his hope that the government which will take office will follow up the strategy and the action plan which was adopted in 2014, and will thus give a new impetus to the reform process. He further explained as follows: “For these reports to reach their aim, it is also important that the European side present the membership perspective clearly and with more conviction. Within this framework, I believe that it is essential to set a final date for Turkey’s membership and for European leaders and representatives not to give different and confusing messages in regards to Turkey’s membership”.

    IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTİNOĞLU: “THIS REPORT CONTAINS WARNING BUT ALSO ENCOURAGING MESSAGES TO TURKEY”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu pointed out that the report which was announced within the framework of the European Commission’s enlargement strategy until 2019 contains warning but also encouraging messages to Turkey. In regards to the content of the report, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu made these following comments: “In general, the report stresses Turkey’s difficulties in fulfilling the political criteria. A great emphasis was given to the rule of law, separation of powers, independence of judiciary, freedom of expression and freedom of press. It is stressed that in order to become a democratic and free country, Turkey needs to make progress in these areas and to overcome these issues.”

    IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTINOĞLU: “TURKEY BACKSLIDES IN 3 AREAS”

    Pointing out that in the section of the political criteria of the report, there is important indications showing that the pace of the reforms process has slowed down in Turkey, IKV Chairman stressed that there are three areas where Turkey backslid since 2014: “Regarding the fulfilment of the political criteria, it is highlighted that the reforms are slowing down and there are there areas where this backslide is clearly reflected: Freedom of expression including media and freedom of internet; freedom of assembly and public procurement”. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu explained that the Commission put also some criticisms concerning the 10% threshold, the political polarisation, the situation of fundamental rights and freedom in the context of the fight against terrorism, the fight against corruption, the excessive power granted to security forces and the judicial system. In this respect, IKV Chairman stressed that Turkey needs to take these criticisms into account and take necessary steps to overcome these concerns.

    IKV CHAIRMAN ZEYTINOĞLU: “TURKEY SHOWS A GOOD PERFORMANCE IN TERMS OF ITS LEVEL OF ALIGNEMENT WITH THE EU ACQUIS

    Reminding that in addition to the section on political and economic criteria, the report contains a large section on Turkey’s level of alignment with the EU acquis, IKV Chairman explained that Turkey shows a good  performance in terms of its level of alignment with the EU acquis“According to 2015 Turkey Progress Report prepared by the Commission, Turkey’s level of alignment in 3 chapters is considered to be well-advanced, in 8 chapters it is considered to be at good level, in 3 chapters it is considered to be moderately prepared, in 15 chapters it be considered to be at some level and  in 4 chapters it is considered to be at early stage.  The alignment of the chapters opened to negotiation is considered to have reached a good level of preparation whereas that of the chapters blocked only reached to some level of preparation”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu explained that it could be understood by looking at the level of progress in the chapters, that over the past year, the pace of the progress made by Turkey towards its alignment process has slowed down. In this respect, he explained as follows: “Most of the chapters are labelled with ‘some progress’. This is a clear indication that the progress made in negotiation process has slowed down. But this report also clearly indicates that Turkey is ready to open at least 13 more chapters to the negotiations which are mostly blocked by some member states.”

    NOVEMBER 2015: RESULTS OF 1 NOVEMBER GENERAL ELECTION RESULTS

    At the general elections which were held on 1 November 2015, the electors made their choice in favour of a single party government. Turkish people gave the authority to the Justice and Development Party (AK Party) to ensure stability, build a secure environment and put the economy back on track. We expect that the new government about to be formed will tackle rapidly Turkey’s urgent issues which are the prevention of terrorism, pursue of democratisation process, building of a free and secure environment and the realization of political and economic reforms. We do hope that the four parties which will be represented within the Grand National Assembly of Turkey will work in coordination in tackling the growing trend of polarisation which threatens the creation of a stable and secure environment and social peace and harmony.

    In this period, our relations with the EU are experiencing a new momentum as a result of stronger cooperation of the ongoing refugee crisis. The 2015 Progress Report prepared by the European Commission is expected to be published in the upcoming days. This new period which is about to begin with the EU offers a new window of opportunity for our country’s development with new steps taken in the negotiations process, the revision of the Customs Union and progress in the Visa Liberalization Dialogue. We do wish that the new government which is about to take office will give further impetus to political and economic reforms and will seek to further progress within the framework of Turkey’s EU perspective.  

    Ayhan ZEYTİNOĞLU

    IKV Chairman  

    OCTOBER 2015: REFUGEE DEAL

    IKV PRESS RELEASE

    16 October 2015

    IKV CHAIRMAN:

    “WE SHOULD NOT TACKLE ACCESSION NEGOTIATION AND REFUGEE CRISIS IN THE SAME UMBRELLA”

     

    We came to an end with the deal regarding the refugee crisis between Turkey and the EU. After a lengthy negotiation process conducted between both parties, Turkey accepted to take an active role in combating the refugee crisis in exchange of a 3 billion euro worth financial assistance that will be used to tackle the refugee crisis, the acceleration of the visa liberalization dialogue towards Turkish citizens and the opening of  5 Chapters to negotiations

    In his statement regarding the issue, IKV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu stated that turning the issues related to technical negotiation process a material of negotiation by the EU in the handling of the refugee crisis is a wrong approach. In this respect, he explains as follows: “As a non-governmental organization following the relations between Turkey and the EU for 50 years, we do not accept that the visa issue and that Turkey’s EU accession negotiations ongoing for 10 years are being used as a bargain in the handling of the refugee crisis.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu: “We should not tackle the accession negotiation and refugee crisis in the same umbrella”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu stressed that in the accession negotiations process which is conducted correctly and fairly, it is evident that visa-free travel is provided to the citizens of the candidate states or that chapters are being opened to negotiations during this whole process. In this respect, he explained as follows: “At this point, we can observe that the chapters which should have been opened to negotiations long ago and the possibility of visa-free travel that our citizens are waiting for many years will be ensured with Turkey playing a more active role in the refugee crisis.  It is important not to tackle the accession negotiation and the refugee crisis in the same umbrella. If the negotiations process is conducted correctly and fairly, these chapters would have been opened in every circumstance and our citizens would have been able to travel to EU Member States visa-free”.

    Referring to the chapters which are scheduled to be opened, Chairman Zeytinoğlu explained the following: “Today; chapters on Energy, Judiciary and Fundamental Rights, Justice, Security and Fundamental Rights, Foreign, Security and Defence Policy and Economic and Monetary Policy are on the table ready to be opened to negotiations.  As you know, both Turkey and the EU are calling upon for the opening of these chapters for a long period of time. Unfortunately, these calls have been unsuccessful. What has changed today that pushed the EU suddenly to give the green light for these chapters to be opened to negotiations?”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu: “We have witnessed once more how much the EU’s policy towards Turkey is wrong”

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu added that the deal reached on the refugee crisis following the developments over the past 10 days may give further impetus to Turkey’s EU accession process.  He further stressed as follows: “Undoubtedly, these developments have the potential to renew the dynamism which lacked for a long period of time in our country’s EU accession negotiations process. We would have preferred for this dynamism to be developed within the framework of the negotiations process because of the mutual need of both parties and not because of the emergence of crises. However, we have seen once more how much the EU’s policy towards Turkey is wrong. The EU is trying to find a solution once more with Turkey to handle the refugee crisis. We already have been insisting that no solution to the EU’s problems could be produced “without Turkey”. The refugee crisis is the most actual and concrete example in that respect. Following yesterday’s EU Leaders Summit in Brussels, the President of the European Commission Juncker has described the deal as “a clear success”. Indeed, the EU succeeded in getting what it wanted. At the last time, it managed to reach its objective with the cards it had in its hand. However, it is difficult to describe such an agreement as a “success” from the perspective of Turkey-EU relations which have a 50 year old history”.

    Chairman Zeytinoğlu: “1 out 122 persons in the world is a refugee today. This is not a regional but a global issue”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu reminded that in the 2014 Global Trends Report of UNHCR which was published in 2015, the number of refugees in the world has reached its highest level with more than 60 million people. Furthermore, he added that the refugee crisis is not only Turkey or the EU’s problem but truly a global issue. In that respect, he stressed the importance for G20 Leaders who will meet in Antalya in November to tackle this issue urgently. Chairman Zeytinoğlu added the following: “The UNHCR report is quite striking. There are today more than 60 million refugees in the world. This means that 1 out of 122 persons in the world is a refugee or a displaced person. If these people were a country, they would be the 24th most populous country in the world. Therefore, the problem with which we are faced with today in our geography is not only Turkey or the EU’s problem but is a global issue. A global solution is needed for such an issue. First of all, it is of utmost importance to remove the instability which persists in many countries and which effectively leads to people to leave their own homeland. (…) The G20 Summit will be held in Antalya next month. This means that the leaders of the countries which represent 67% of the world’s population and 85% of the global economy will come together. I do sincerely hope that the G20 leaders will tackle the refugee crisis in a more serious manner and that, beyond financial assistance, they will show the necessary will to find a credible solution”.

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu: “ The fact that viza liberalization is discussed during the negotiations does not mean that the visa obligation will be left”

    Pointing out that the imposition of visa by EU Member States since 1980s became more of a torture than an experience for Turkish citizens entered a new phase with parties reaching a deal on the refugee crisis, IKV Chairman emphasized that this does not mean that we can travel visa-free: “The Readmission Agreement which has been negotiated between Turkey and the EU for a period of 10 years was signed in December 2013. Both parties have started a new chapter with this agreement in question in terms of solving unfair visa treatments. The criteria have been defined and a roadmap has been established in accordance with these criteria.  It has been now stated that this process will be speed up. Almost two year have passed since the visa liberalization dialogue was launched, there has been no change. If the EU pledges Turkey to accelerate the process, this should be kept in record, monitored and be implemented with sincerity.”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu reminded that with the launch of this process in 2013, Turkey has made important commitments to the EU in many areas such as integrated border management, readmission mechanism and migration management. He also stressed that to be able to protect its own borders efficiently; it is important for Turkey to respect its commitments and further emphasized the importance of strengthening cooperation with EU in this area.

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu: “Cooperation should not be limited to this area. It should be reflected also in the fight against terrorism”

    IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu state that it has been agreed between Turkey and the EU to reinforce cooperation in coping with the refugee crisis. He also stressed that Turkey and the EU should reinforce cooperation in other areas starting with the fight against terrorism. In this respect, he said as follows: “In the upcoming period, there will be enhanced cooperation with the EU, Member States and European institutions as regards to the handling of the refugee crisis. But this cooperation should not be limited to this area. It is of utmost importance for Turkey and the EU to strengthen their cooperation not only to cope with the refugee crisis but also to fight against terrorism. Within this framework, it is imperative for EU Member States to stop immediately their support to terrorist organizations. This is essential not only to establish trust and sincerity but also to put an end to the instability witnessed in some countries.”

     

    OCTOBER 2015: REFUGEE AND VISA NEGOTIATION

    IKV PRESS RELEASE

    15 October 2015

    The Refugee Crisis Escalates:  Is Visa the New Card for the EU?

    The refugee crisis escalates between Turkey and the EU. The EU which is dealing with the biggest refugee crisis is now playing the visa card after granting a financial assistance amounting to 1 billion euros to Turkey.

    As it is known, refugee crisis has been the main topic discussed during President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s official visit to Brussels on 4-5 October 2015. During his visit, while EU officials presented the Draft Action Plan providing assistance of 1 billion euros to Turkey to tackle the refugee crisis, Turkey proposed to establish a working group that will discuss how to handle the refugee. While the negotiations within the working group are ongoing, along with the financial assistance, it can be observed that the visa facilitation for Turkish citizens is also on the agenda.

    IKV: “At current point, we are now facing a hasty, short-term and unpredictable approach”

    As IKV which has been working for a long period of time on the unfair visa practices applied towards Turkish citizens, we observe that the current situation is the result of a hasty, short-term and unpredictable approach.

    Considering that the imposition of visa by EU Member States since 1980s became a torture for the Turkish citizens, we do not approve that the EU now plays the visa card.

    One must not forget that;

    The legal fight in the visa path has a long history as the visa victimization.  During that time, Turkish citizens obtained important legal gains from the EU’s highest judicial organs. Unfortunately, our legal gains were interrupted by the decision taken by a court in 2013. Furthermore, Turkey, which negotiates the Readmission Agreement with the EU for almost 10 years, signed the agreement with the EU only in December 2013. Within the agreement, both parties opened a new chapter to overcome these unfair treatments.

    The first bend in this new path started last year; the evaluation report regarding the Visa Liberalisation Dialogue which was launched in parallel to the Turkey-EU Readmission Agreement was published with positive results that exceeded even our expectations. However, it has also become apparent over the past year that fewer steps have been taken in Turkey towards the fulfilment of the Visa Liberalisation Dialogue.

    Nonetheless, the process is being pursued and should continue as such within the framework of the pre-established criteria and procedures.

    IKV: “Some are trying to "offer a payoff" to Turkey”

    We now observe with regret that the other party is trying to "offer a payoff" to Turkey. Europe which is confronted by an unprecedented refugee flow, is trying to use the visa card as means of “making a gesture” as a consequence of the fact that Turkey found the EU’s proposal for financial assistance insufficient.

    At this juncture, as a civil society organisation which has gained the status of “Expert” over the past 50 years in Turkey-EU relations, we would like to underline the following points:

    • The rules and the framework of the visa liberalisation process towards Turkish citizens have already been determined and the parties have expressed reciprocal commitments in that respect.  Although it may seem tempting, the fact that there is attempt to introduce a new condition within this framework would only bring the process to a standstill. Furthermore, considering the fact that the visa liberalisation dialogue which was launched in 2013 with the aim of lifting visa obligation required form our citizens, the new proposal for visa facilitation at this juncture would be contrary to the spirit of the process and to the ultimate objective.
    • Whilst visa liberalisation is still being negotiated with Turkey, the details of proposed visa facilitation are still unknown and the proposed visa facilitation is far from bringing a credible solution to the visa concerns of our citizens in the medium term. Presumably, the EU will propose the visa facilitation for certain specific categories; but such facilitations have already been established for years and this will only led to Turkey’s fierce opposition in that respect.
    • Turkey has pledged its commitments to the EU in many areas such as integrated border management, the readmission mechanism, migration management when launching the visa liberalization dialogue in 2013. The fact that Turkey is Europe’s 5th country in terms of  length of its land and sea borders underline the importance for it to adequately protect its borders and besides it is also necessary for its own internal security. Naturally, it is of utmost importance that Turkey sticks to the agreement it has signed in 2013 and thus takes without delay the necessary steps in that respect.
    • This refugee crisis shows clearly that it is impossible for Europe to overcome the challenges it is being confronted “without the help of Turkey”. In that context, the parties should be reminded urgently about the negotiations process and be insistent in that matter.
    • Finally; the refugee crisis is not only our country or Europe’s own problem but constitutes a great humanitarian problem and no party should try to use this as a means to change the outcome of ongoing negotiations in other various areas.

     

    OCTOBER 2015: BOMB ATTACKS IN ANKARA

    IKV CHAIRMAN AYHAN ZEYTİNOĞLU'S STATEMENT

    10 October 2015

     

    We condemn the terrorist attacks that took place in Ankara on Saturday 10 October 2015. We denounce all types of terrorist activities and we wish that Turkey will never witness again such an abominable act.  Hoping that common sense would prevail and the violent atmosphere in rise over the last period would come to an end, we wish that the necessary measures would be taken to ensure the realization of general elections of the 1 November which is of critical importance for Turkey in a safe and peaceful environment.

     

    OCTOBER 2015: MERKEL REMINDED THAT SHE IS OPPOSED TO TURKEY’S EU MEMBERSHIP

    IKV PRESS RELEASE

    9 October 2015

    MERKEL REMINDED THAT SHE IS OPPOSED TO TURKEY’S EU MEMBERSHIP

    German Chancellor Angela Merkel explained on a German television programme on 7 October 2015 that whilst recognising Turkey’s key role in finding a long lasting solution to the refugee crisis, she is opposed to Turkey’s EU membership. Regarding the refugee crisis, Merkel stressed the importance of discussing the issue of sharing the burden with Turkey. She further reminded that this would mean granting further financial support to Turkey and meeting some of Turkey’s demands regarding the visa liberalisation process.  Confirming the fact that her stance towards Turkey’s EU membership remains unchanged, Chancellor Merkel expressed the following: “I have always been opposed to Turkey’s EU membership and I am still opposed”. She further reminded that President Erdoğan is aware of her stance in that respect.

    IKV Chairman of the Board of Directors Ayhan Zeytinoğlu evaluated German Chancellor Merkel’s comments as follows:

    IKV Chairman: “This will neither be the first, nor the last assessments of Chancellor Merkel”

    “As the Chairman of the Board of Directors of a civil society organisation which has been embodying for the last 50 years its identity as ‘Turkey’s EU expert’, I must express my regrets regarding German Chancellor Angela Merkel’s comment regarding her opposition to Turkey’s EU membership.

    One should not forget that beyond the fact that Turkey has a strong partnership with the EU, it has a 50 year long history with the EU.

    In the context of this long history, we are now completing the 10th anniversary of the beginning of accession negotiations this year.  

    Since the very early stage, the relations between both parties have been and are still carried out within the perspective of Turkey’s EU membership goal and within the framework of specific rules.

    In that context, I believe that all parties should take a stand to further develop Turkey-EU relations.

    Without doubt, there have been and there are still opponents to Turkey’s EU membership; but it is of utmost importance not to show an obstructive vision and to respect the main principles upon which Turkey-EU relations have been established.

    We see once more with regret that German Chancellor Merkel is continuing to emphasize that our country’s journey towards EU membership goes through Berlin. This would surely not be Merkel’s neither first, nor her last assessment in that respect. Nevertheless, we should by no means renounce to insist for Turkey’s EU membership. 

    Just as the 2004 enlargement has been one of the most critical stages in the vision of an United Europe, Turkey’s EU membership will complement this vision. In light of the ongoing refugee crisis, it has become clear that today it is impossible to overcome the challenges faced by the EU without Turkey’s contribution. Within this context, we need more than ever a vision that has enabled us to launch of accession negotiations with Turkey and a leadership among both parties”.

     

    OCTOBER 2015: PRESIDENT ERDOGAN`S VISIT TO BRUSSELS

     

    PRESIDENT ERDOĞAN IN BRUSSELS:
    THE REFUGEE CRISIS SHOWS THE IMPORTANCE OF EU-TURKEY COOPERATION


    “Europe’s borders also include Turkey and no issue regarding border security in Europe can be solved without Turkey’s participation”.

    President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan will be in Brussels within the framework of an official visit to Belgium today and tomorrow.

    It is expected that the refugee crisis which is in Europe’s agenda since the beginning of this summer will be discussed during President Erdoğan’s Brussels visit. Moreover, the fact that this visit coincides before the publication by the European Commission of its annual progress report on Turkey further increases the importance of this visit. It is expected that the report which should have been revealed on the 14th October will be published in a week’s time.

    As it is known, Turkey hosts above 2 million Syrian and Northern Iraqi refugees and almost 90% of the refugees are spread out across the country. In the context of the provisional protection regime, it is becoming increasingly difficult to bring objective-based assistance to the refugees. Furthermore, from education to health, from nutrition and shelter to refugee rights, the problems of the refugees are growing by the day in a wide variety of issues. It is a reality that this issue which has become more and more urgent has spread to Europe in 2015.

    The refugees, ignoring the risk posed upon their own lives, try to reach Europe either through the sea or by the land from Turkey. Some EU Member States are trying to confront this great issue by reinstituting controls at their borders by suspending provisionally their participation to the Schengen Agreement. According to figures released by the UN High Commissioner for Refugees on the 1st October 2015, the number of refugees which have come to Europe in 2015 has reached 700,000.

    Common Problem; Common Solution:  
      
    As IKV, we would like to remind that this issue concerns both Turkey and Europe and that a solution may only be found through close cooperation between the parties.

    As this crisis has shown, Europe’s borders also include Turkey and no issue regarding border security in Europe can be solved without Turkey’s participation.

    The EU’s Common Values Are under Threat:

    It should not be forgotten that the common values which constitute the EU are under great threat in the last years.

    Discussions since the 2008 financial crisis regarding the Euro are now focusing on the viability of the Schengen system. Although Europe has fluctuated for a long time regarding the Euro, it has not taken any step backward in that respect and has succeeded in protecting the integrity of the Eurozone. However, the EU is currently confronted with the same discussions regarding Schengen. The fact that the EU is unable to produce a viable solution to this important issue, just like with the Euro, is taking proportions which may put the Schengen system in difficulty.

    Therefore, Turkey’s prospective EU membership is perhaps even more important than at any time.

    2015: 10th Anniversary of Turkey-EU Membership Negotiations

    As it is known, we are celebrating this year the 10th anniversary of the launch of membership negotiations between Turkey and the EU.

    Putting Turkey’s EU membership prospect aside, the parties have never been so far away from each other today in the 50 year long history of their relations.

    Technical negotiations have not reached a satisfactory level; whilst there have been steps which have been undertaken within the framework of the ongoing talks regarding the modernisation of the Customs Union and the issue of visa requirements towards Turkish citizens, neither Turkey presents an image of a candidate country to the EU, nor the EU seems ready to accept Turkey within its ranks.

    In addition, issues which concern both parties closely are growing by the day. In that context, it is our greatest wish that both parties show strengthened political will in finding common solutions to these enduring issues. One of these issues is precisely the refugee crisis. The fact that both parties find concrete and credible solutions together to this issue which shows urgency will further contribute in bringing together Turkey and the EU.

    In that context, as IKV, we find President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s visit to Brussels after a year timely and of significant importance.

    Our Recommendations:

    Within that framework, we would like to recommend that as both parties meet and discuss the refugee crisis, the following points are taken into consideration:

     (*) Turkey and the EU should forge a common plan regarding burden-sharing and for Syrian refugees to pursue their lives at a decent level. Turkey’s expenses which have reached above 6 billion dollars should be reported by including previsions for next year (at the international, national and local level) and these calculations should be taken into account during talks with EU officials.

    (*) It will not be possible in the short or medium term for over 2 million Syrian refugees living in Turkey to return to their homes. Along with the regulations and provisional measures as regards the refugees’ stay in Turkey, it is of utmost importance that such regulations and measures are taken within a legal and permanent framework. A realistic integration programme should be created regarding the refugees’ residential, working and educational conditions in Turkey and the support of the EU should be sought in that respect.

     (*) An effective and reciprocal dialogue regarding the Readmission Agreement and the Visa Liberalisation Dialogue process between the parties should be established which includes the implementation of the conditions and the criteria in that respect and the technical, administrative and financial infrastructure of such a dialogue should be strengthened.

    Ayhan ZEYTİNOĞLU
    IKV Chairman

    SEPTEMBER 2015: WE CONDEMN ALL KINDS OF ATTACK AGAINST THE PRESS

    The latest attack against the headquarters of Hürriyet, one of the major Turkish newspapers, represents a threat against the principle of freedom of the press. Freedom of the press is an integral part of free speech and constitutes one of the most important assurances of a modern democracy. It is not possible to describe a country as free and democratic if the press is not free and journalists are not able to carry on their work unhindered. It is our greatest wish that  a country such as Turkey which is engaged in a negotiations process with the EU and which has realised important progress in terms of democratisation will not take any step backwards in that respect. One of the key responsibilities of the State and the government is to secure freedom of the press and to ensure that press organisations and press representatives can carry out their work without constraint. We call upon all parties to show the necessary sensitivity towards these concerns.  

    Ayhan ZEYTİNOĞLU
    IKV Chairman

     

    AUGUST 2015:“WHAT WE HAVE SEEN STRANDED ON THE BEACH IS NOT THE BODY OF A DEAD CHILD BUT HUMANITY’S HONOUR”

    A new tragedy has been added to the endless crisis in Syria which results in millions of refugees striving for a better life in Europe. A picture taken on a beach in Bodrum on 2 September 2015 reminded us of the cold reality of the drama which continues in Syria for over 4 years.

    With its accumulation of experience and expertise since its establishment in 1965 as well as its capacity to produce new ideas regarding our Turkey’s integration process with Europe, IKV believes that it is its duty as a civil society organisation to deplore this atrocity. We believe that what we have seen stranded on the beach is not the body of a dead child but humanity’s honour. We invite all parties to find effective solutions to this tragedy which has affected deeply human history.

    It is obvious that solutions to this tragedy endured by the refugees should be searched at the international level. There are Members States within the EU such as Germany and Sweden which showed a constructive approach in accepting new refugees in their own country. On the other hand, many countries have failed to take their responsibilities in finding solutions to the refugee crisis and have shown an attitude that is not only in contradiction with the EU’s principle of solidarity but also against all human values.

    Furthermore, all EU Member States should adopt policies in line with the principle of common responsibility. Moreover, it is of utmost importance to reinforce the rules regarding the acceptance of refugees within the framework of the Schengen regulations, to increase the financial sources for the migration policy, and to embrace a more realistic approach in devising a migration policy that takes into account humanitarian concerns and EU’s ageing population.

    On the other hand, it is critical that common solutions to the Syrian crisis are also sought within the framework of regional organisations such as the Arab League and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation to which oil rich countries are also members. It is essential that global institutions such as the UN High Commissioner for Refugees are rendered more effective and better equipped by its member states.  All countries should have as a common priority to find a concrete solution to this crisis and act immediately.

    Ayhan ZEYTİNOĞLU

    IKV Chairman

    JULY 2015: AYHAN ZEYTİNOĞLU IS APPOINTED AS IKV’S NEW CHAIRMAN

    Ayhan Zeytinoğlu has been appointed as IKV Chairman of the Board of Directors at the occasion of the 53st meeting of the General Assembly of IKV held on 6 July 2015.

    Ömer Cihad Vardan who has been assuming the position of IKV Chairman of the Board of Directors since 16 January 2014 did not put his candidacy forward for this new term  due to his tremendous workload stemming from his chairmanship of DEIK (Foreign Economic Relations Board).

    The new Board of Directors is formed by Ayhan Zeytinoğlu, Prof. Halûk Kabaalioğlu, Işınsu Kestelli, Atilla Menevşe, Ahmet Sayar, Yavuz Canevi, Zeynel Abidin Erdem, İlhan Koyunseven, Zeynep Bodur Okyay, Sedat Zincirkıran, Ali Sami Aydın, Sami Yılmaz, İlhan Soylu, Şükrü Alkan, Cenk Yöney, Simone Kaslowski and Ismail Gülle.

    IKV’s new Board of Directors Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu studied Business Administration at the University of Indiana (United States) in 1980 following the completion of his BA studies in London. He graduated from the University of Indiana in 1983 with honours. Afterwards, he completed his Master’s degree in International Finance at Butler University in 1985.

    In 1986, Zeytinoğlu started working in his family enterprise. Currently, Zeytinoğlu is still working as General Director of Zeytinoğlu Feed & Pet Food  Inc.  (Yem Tarım ve Endüstriyel Ürünler A.Ş). Ayhan Zeytinoğlu has also been acted as the Vice-Presidency of the Board of Directors of Autoport Terminal Operators (Autoport Liman İşletmesi) which is the partner of Arkas and Zeytinoğlu Group. He is the General Coordinator of Zeytinoglu Maritime.

    In 1989, he joined the Chamber of Industry of Kocaeli and he became a founding board member of the Chamber ever since its foundation. In 1995, he was appointed as Vice-Chairman and in January 2009, as the Chairman the Chamber of Industry of Kocaeli. He is currently still acting as Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Chamber of Industry of Kocaeli following his re-election in May 2013.

    Furthermore, Ayhan Zeytinoğlu is also acting as the Delegate at the General Assembly of TOBB. He is also Chairman of DEIK Turkey-Australia Business Council and Vice-Chairman of the DEIK Turkey-New Zealand Business Council. Furthermore, he is also a member of the Board of Directors of the Turkish-American Chamber of Commerce and Industry and of the ICC/WCF General Council of the World Chambers Federation. Ayhan Zeytinoğlu is also the Chairman of the Anti-Corruption Working Group within the framework of B20 Turkey.

    JUNE 2015: ON THE ROAD TO VISA FREE EUROPE, LAST YEAR’S SCHENGEN VISA BILL FOR TURKEY IS 48.8 MILLION EUROS

    IKV PRESS RELEASE 

    25 JUNE 2015

    ON THE ROAD TO VISA FREE EUROPE, LAST YEAR’S SCHENGEN VISA BILL FOR TURKEY IS 48.8 MILLION EUROS

     

    Exactly one year ago today, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey has ratified the Readmission Agreement which was signed between Turkey and the EU. This constituted an important turning point for the Turkish citizens on the road to visa free Europe.  During the last year, a total of 813,339 short term (Type C) Schengen visa applications were made by Turkish citizens costing 48.8 million euros in an optimistic scenario. Without doubt, the EU’s visa restriction towards Turkish citizens continues to cause discrimination and financial burden.

    IKV Junior Researcher Ahmet Ceran assessed the developments over the last year regarding the Readmission Agreement and the visa liberalization dialogue process as follows:

    “In the process of the Visa Liberalization Dialogue started with the mutual signing of the Readmission Agreement by Turkey and the EU in 2013, the European Commission assessed that Turkey fulfilled or almost fulfilled the requirements in 22 criteria; partially fulfilled requirements in 40 criteria; and did not fulfill requirements in 10 criteria out of the 72 technical criteria. Ever since the European Commission published its first report on the progress made by Turkey in terms of fulfilling the requirements of its visa liberalization roadmap on 20 October 2014, it could be observed with regret that reforms to be carried out for the visa liberalization dialogue have not been prioritized because of the general election environment in Turkey. Some of the legislative actions foreseen until the end of 2015 according to the action plans for the year 2015, especially in the areas of  data protection, integrated border management and readmission mechanisms that would affect the visa liberalization dialogue to a greater extend, have not been implemented thus threatening the future of the process. Besides, some fundamental issues regarding the migration policies of the EU that has become chronic continue to constitute serious source of concerns. While certain countries that form the Southern borders of the EU have to manage the migration crisis; Northern countries have not joined forces towards easing the Southern countries’ burden. It could be observed that both Turkey as the host of two million Syrian refugees and the EU, provider of humanitarian aid amounting to an estimated of 3.6 billion euro for people who suffered from the Syrian crisis, share common problems in regard to border and migration management. Therefore, it is important for both sides to take a joint position to overcome these common problems. Burden-sharing is quite important for the future of the visa liberalization dialogue and the opening of Chapter 23 and 24 to the accession negotiations. Positive developments within this area would most probably help establishing a positive atmosphere both among the Turkish and European public opinion.”

    THE EU’S TOUGHEST TEST ON MIGRATION MANAGEMENT

    IKV Junior Researcher Ahmet Ceran further pursued as follows: “Since the ratification of the Readmission Agreement by the Turkish Parliament on 25 June 2014, it is possible to assert that, EU does not exhibit a successful performance when analyzing Europe’s scorecard regarding the migration management. One may recall, in April 2015 to the marine accident which made Mediterranean bloodshed and caused the life of 900 people. This accident was recorded as the deadliest migrant tragedy in the EU’s history. Over the past year, it can be observed that EU did not ensure the effective control in the East Mediterranean route which constitutes the EU’s most crisis migration area. From this point on, the European Commission shared on 13 May 2015  the new migration agenda which aims for better management of all aspects of migration in Europe. Under the EU's new migration agenda, the establishment of a new contact point in Turkey for the increase mutual coordination is also being discussed.”

     

    JUNE 2015: CONDOLENCE MESSAGE FROM IKV AND DEIK

    CONDOLENCE MESSAGE FROM IKV AND DEIK

    17 JUNE 2015

    SÜLEYMAN DEMIREL PASSED AWAY

    “The death of Süleyman Demirel, who played a tremendous role in Turkish political history in the last 50 years and who had been Prime Minister of Turkey seven times and the 9th President of Turkey is a great loss for our country. Süleyman Demirel has a special place in our political history, he made important contributions to our country. I present my condolences to the deceased Süleyman Demirel, to his family, his loved ones and to our nation.”

     Ömer Cihad VARDAN

     IKV-DEIK Board of Directors Chairman

    JUNE 2015: 2014 EP TURKEY REPORT

    IKV PRESS RELEASE 

    10 JUNE 2015


    Chairman Ömer Cihad Vardan: It is unacceptable that an issue that is not related to the negotiations process is included in the EP report!

    THE 2014 EP TURKEY REPORT HAS BEEN ADOPTED


    The vote of the EP 2014 Turkey Report which should have taken place in May had been postponed because of heated debates and for some amendment propositions coming mostly from anti-Turkish far-right parliamentarians. The European Parliament’s (EP) 2014 Turkey Report has been finally adopted on the 10 June 2015.

    IKV Chairman of Board of Directors Ömer Cihad Vardan made a statement on this issue:

    “The EP report which has been adopted today includes new articles and new issues which different from the previous ones. However, the articles that have been included in the report have not made it more balanced, constructive and fair from Turkey’s perspective.

    It is particularly important that the report refers to the 7 June General Election in Turkey and described it as an indicator of the solidarity of the Turkish democracy and a the reflection of the diversity of Turkish society. As we, IKV has explained, the report calls upon all political parties to form a stable and inclusive government which would renew dialogue with the EU.

    Furthermore, the fact that the report calls upon the notification of the opening criteria in for Chapters 23 and 24 and the acceleration of the negotiations on five chapters including energy is welcoming. However, we are not unfortunately observing a clear and decisive approach regarding the opening of new chapters.

    In addition, the fact that in the report the energy cooperation between Turkey and Russia is described as a source of concern is inappropriate.

    On the other side, in the context where parties have agreed to the revision of the Customs Union, the fact that the relevant amendments only stress the problems faced by EU companies settled in Turkey and that Turkey’s problems have been eclipsed is of great injustice towards Turkey which is in a Customs Union with the EU for nearly 20 years.

    Finally; the most striking political element in the report is the fact that it refers to the EP decision in April regarding 1915 events. It is unacceptable that such an issue which not related in the negotiations process has been included in the EP report regardless of all of Turkey’s warnings and constructive attitude regarding the 1915 events”.

    JUNE 215: CHAIRMAN ÖMER CIHAD VARDAN’S PRESS STATEMENT REGARDING THE RESULTS OF THE 2015 GENERAL ELECTIONS

    IKV-DEIK JOINT PRESS RELEASE

    8 JUNE 2015

    CHAIRMAN ÖMER CIHAD VARDAN’S PRESS STATEMENT REGARDING THE RESULTS OF THE 2015 GENERAL ELECTIONS 

     

    Chairman Vardan indicated that the general election was carried out with a high degree of maturity which was in conformity with Turkey’s democratic history. He expressed that this general election is a clear indication of a beginning of a new era for Turkey. Chairman Vardan further explained the following:

    “Turkey left another election behind with its 70-year long multiparty democratic experience. During this election, our citizens expressed their will with a strong participation and made their choice in serenity.  We thus left behind a transparent and participatory process which, unlike all concerns that have been expressed, has been conducted in conformity with EU standards and followed closely by the world, our civil society organisations and citizens.

    The general picture that emerged from the general election is that no party, including AK Party which has been in power since 2002, has the possibility to form a government alone. The results of the election indicate the need for the parties to come together in order to form a new government.

    On this occasion, as the representatives of the business community, we hope for the establishment of a new government that is in conformity with Turkey’s long term objectives and which shall pursue Turkey’s achievements, finalize ongoing projects and launch the planned projects. With its newly elected Parliament, Turkey must focus on its economic agenda, find solutions to its social problems and tackle ongoing challenges that stem from regional risks. Our country’s achievements of these last years are the results of a secure and stable environment. We should not allow an instable situation to arise within our country when in our neighbouring geography especially in North and South there are already many unstable areas.

    Turkey has no time to lose. Everybody should work for our country’s ultimate interests. We hope that in this new era, efforts will be maintained to ensure an environment of confidence for investors and to pursue further with structural reforms. Furthermore, we believe that our country should focus on its long term objectives by preserving all of the previous achievements as well as preparing a new Constitution and pursuing the EU accession process.”

     

    JUNE 2015: IKV PRESS RELEASE REGARDING THE EXPULSION OF MAHINUR ÖZDEMIR FROM HER PARTY

    IKV PRESS RELEASE

    1 JUNE 2015

    A well-known and successful Belgian citizen of Turkish origin, Brussels Capital Member of Parliament Mahinur Özdemir has been expelled from her party (French-speaking Human Democratic Centre, CDH) for refusing to sign a communiqué recognising the 1915 events as genocide. No court decision describing 1915 events as genocide exists and neither the EU nor the Belgian government have an official approach towards the recognition of these events as genocide. The decision to expel a Member of Parliament from her party because of her opinions is a violation of the EU’s principles and universal norms of democracy and human rights.

    Instead of taking part in the remembrance of the tragic events of 1915, taking such a decision should be regarded as a discriminatory approach adopted towards the Turkish community of Belgium. This clearly shows that the genocide allegations are increasingly becoming politicized and used as ammunition for political disputes. It is unacceptable that a historic and tragic event is manipulated today for political reasons and that the expression of adverse opinions is being denied in such an authoritarian manner. Such decisions will not produce positive results regarding the integration and democratic representation of the 220,000 strong Turkish community living in Belgium. We call the CDH to review its expulsion decision within the framework of the principle of freedom of expression and democratic representation

    APRIL 2015: ON EP`S RESOLUTION REGARDING THE 1915 EVENTS

    ON EP'S RESOLUTION REGARDING THE 1915 EVENTS

    21 April 2015, Istanbul 


    "The European Parliament is a political body not a judicial organ."

    The European Parliament (EP) has unanimously accepted the draft resolution titled "100th Anniversary of the Armenian Genocide" on April 15 2015; and has displayed a partial approach with regard to the interpretation of the 1915 events.

    While since 1987, the Parliament approved similar resolutions, some being more rigid, the question is this: is the EP aiming to create a new wedge in relations with Turkey and antagonize Turkey further by pinpointing a new problem area in addition to the already existing Cyprus issue?

    IKV who has been closely following Turkey's EU story for the last 50 years believes that; the issue of 1915 events that became one of the chronic elements of the relations between Turkey and the EU, does not only harm Turkey's raprochement to the EU and her relations with Armenia; but also negatively effect Turkey's international reputation and her relations with the international community.

    The fact that Turkey being accused over and over again by this issue in political and diplomatic circles is a discriminatory and partial approach towards Turkey. For sure such an approach will not contribute to the permanent resolution of the problem. In this context, we strongly believe that an objective evaluation of the 1915 events from a historical perspective will make an important and effective contribution to the resolution of the conflict. IKV believes that 1915 events need to be evaluated through the lense of national memory on both sides and academic studies need to be conducted when national memories are insufficient or inconsistent.

    As IKV we would like to remind once again that Turkey has taken a key step to eliminate criticisms regarding the 1915 events by opening most of the Ottoman archives for the use of national and internatioanal researchers. Turkey also repeats its call to the researchers regarding the screening of the archives. 

    Besides, IKV would like to remind to all parties that the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide signed in 1948, which alleged in the Parliament resolution, cannot be applied retrospectively. Moreover, as it is stated in the Convention, a resolution of a national or international court recognized by both parties is required to name 1915 events as "genocide".

    No matter what the reasons undernearth, 1915 events are undoubtedly a "source of mutual suffering for both sides".

    It is important to remind that in 2014, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan expressed his condolences on 1915 events and acknowledged this mutual sorrow. Unfortunately the EP's resolution, forgetting the good will on Turkey's side could only damage these efforts that could positively contribute to the resolution of the problem. 

    As a final word: The EP's last decision on 1915 events, that came in a moment when peace and stability are much needed, is not contributing to a comprehensive resolution to this ongoing problem and is further damaging our country's relations with the international community at a time where tension is high in the region. 

    As a result of the resolution that was voted in the Parliament, Turkey-EU relations have been seriously damaged. Before taking such a decision, we would have preferred the EP to fully evaluate all-related consequences, keeping in mind that Turkey is a candidate country of the EU. Furthermore, we would have expected the Members of the Parliament to further explore in depth and objectively analyse the 1915 events and similar tragedies in the history of EU Member States.

    In conclusion; IKV would like to remind that Turkey took courageous steps in understanding so-called 1915 events in the last years. Its our hope from all others to act similarly.

    At that point, the most effective method would be to renew the process of rapprochement that had been interrupted between Turkey and Armenia and to boost further cooperation by creating new opportunities for citizens of both countries.


    Ömer Cihad Vardan 
    Economic Development Foundation 
    Chairman 

     

    APRIL 2015: SCHULZ`S VISIT TO TURKEY

    IKV PRESS RELEASE

    9 APRIL 2015

     

    IKV CHAIRMAN ÖMER CİHAD VARDAN:

    “IT IS OF GREAT IMPORTANCE THAT EP PRESIDENT SCHULZ PUT EMPHASIS ON TURKEY’S EU CANDIDACY”

    The visit of EP President Martin Schulz to Turkey on the eve of the election period is of great significance. The visit of the President of the European Parliament which represents the world’s only democratically elected supranational parliament before the general elections in Turkey confirms the EU’s support and the importance attributed  to democracy and to people’s will.

    The fact that Schulz was accompanied by the President of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Anne Brasseur also holds a crucial message. The high level European representatives of two key democratic institutions of Europe have expressed their wish to see Turkey moving forward towards European values.

    Before his visit, Schulz reminded that beyond Turkey’s role as a key strategic, political and economic partner of the EU, it is a candidate country which aims to join the EU. Schulz ensured that he takes Turkey’s candidature seriously and he further pointed out to the importance of ensuring a continuous dialogue between decision makers, parliamentarians and civil society organisations of the EU and Turkey.

    The latest geopolitical developments in the Middle East, Syrian refugees, Turkey’s reform process, visa liberalisation, Cyprus talks were among the main topics discussed during the meetings held between EP President Schulz with his counterparts. These meetings revealed once again common interest and the importance of strengthening cooperation between the EU and Turkey.

    The possibility to open Chapter 17 on Economic and Monetary Policy to negotiations which has been also discussed during the meeting held between EP President Schulz’s and Minister of Foreign Affairs Çavuşoğlu and Minister for EU Affairs Volkan Bozkır will undoubtedly bring a new impetus to Turkey’s EU accession negotiations. We also hope that, with the ongoing Cyprus negotiations being likely resumed, obstacles as regards to the Cyprus issue will be lifted thus enabling to further accelerate the negotiations process. 

     

    MARCH 2015: IS THE INTERNAL SECURITY PACKAGE IN COMPLIANCE WITH EU STANDARDS?

     

    Nowadays, the Draft Law on Internal Security constitutes an important item on Turkey’s agenda. The main discussions about the package focus on the changes that this law would lead and on whether the package complies with the EU standards or not. While the opposition parties consider that “the Package is not in compliance with EU standards”, the government argues that it was prepared according to EU standards.

    While the discussions were taking place within TGNA General Assembly, an important development occurred on 12 March 2015. The TGNA General Assembly decided to withdraw the part covering 63 articles, from Article 68 to Article 130 from the package that comprises in total 5 sections with 132 articles As a result, the enactment of the first three sections of the package which also contains the 10 most controversial articles present in the first session is foreseen. On the other hand, the fourth and fifth sections of the package that will strengthen Turkey’s position in its visa-free dialogue with the EU and in the Progress Reports will be reconsidered by the Commission. These parts in question foresee that the passport procedures will be run by General Directorate of Civil Registration and Nationality, all personal data collected during the passport application process will only be served by civil units that are specialized in this particular area and also personal data will be saved electronically.

    THE INTERNAL SECURITY PACKAGE AND EU STANDARDS IN THE LIGHT OF PROGRESS REPORTS

    It should be stated in the first place that it is not possible to talk about an integrated common European policy in the area of internal security. However, it goes without saying that the norms of the European human rights regime must be respected. Therefore, any integrative EU policy cannot be found in regard to the implementation that covers a wide range of subjects in the package. Although there is already a certain standard with regards to internal security at macro level, the matters concerning internal security enter the jurisdiction of the Member States since they are determined by their own national legislation. Although the implementation can vary from one country to another; all EU Member States must respect the norms and standards of the European human rights regime in this matter.

     “POSITIVE STEPS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST DRUGS”

    The European Commission asks Turkey to develop a strategy to fight against drugs as noted in the Progress Reports on Visa Liberalisation Dialogue According to the fifth article in the draft law, disincentive measures are foreseen against the production, traffic and use of synthetic cannabinoids and its derivatives.

    This will be reflected as a positive development in the related chapter in the progress reports prepared by the European Commission. It is important to remind that similar criteria will also be taken into account in the roadmap of visa-free regime in regard to the fight against drugs. The article concerning the “bonsai” had been approved quickly by the opposition and ruling party during the Parliamentary Session discussing on the Package.

     “NEW ERA IN BORDER SECURITY”

    Some of the regulations within the framework of the Internal Security Package are designed with the perspective of alignment with the criteria related to border management, cooperation among the cross border authorities and visa policies which were defined in the block on the migration management of the Roadmap towards the Visa-Free Regime.

    Another measure expected by EU to be taken by Turkey within its visa liberalisation dialogue process conducted with the EU concerns  increase in civil monitoring and capacity of the border controls through the integration of the border control units of the Turkish Armed Forces (establishments of Gendarmerie and Coast Guards) within the Ministry of Interior.  

    Depending on the successful enactment of  the articles in the draft law, It is expected that the European commission will reflect this progress in the Second Progress Report on Visa Liberalisation Dialogue that will be published in October 2015 .,

    WHAT DO PROGRESS REPORTS ON TURKEY CONTAIN REGARDING CONTROVERSIAL ARTICLES

    Equality of Arms and Power of the Civilian Authorities:  Equality of arms principle or in other words, equal rights of the prosecution and defence parties as well as efficient and impartial regulations regarding prosecutors remain as a main priority for European Commission regarding right to a fair trial. Evaluations within the progress reports encourage further enhanced supervision of prosecutors over law enforcers. However, the foreseen measures in the package that would lead to increased power of civilian administrative authorities over judicial matters might result in a critical response from European Commission in the near future.

    Power of the Police Officers during the Investigation and Prosecution Procedures: As indicated in the 2014 Progress Report, safeguards introduced in relation to pre-trial detention orders, search orders, seizing assets, the interceptions of communications and the appointment of undercover agents need to be followed up closely, as they risk creating insurmountable problems during the investigation phase. Consequently, after the implementation of the relevant measures foreseen within the package, efficient supervision of police searches with the verbal order of law enforcement commanders and phone recordings for up to 48 hours before submitting the decision to the approval of Ankara Criminal Court Judge is mandatory to prevent criticism of the EU bodies.

    Interventions during Demonstrations: European Commission emphasizes in the 2014 Progress Report as Turkish legislation and its implementation concerning the right to  assembly and association and regarding intervention by law enforcement officers during demonstrations are still to be brought in line with European standards. As regards to freedom of assembly, the Constitution recognizes the right of citizens to assemble and demonstrate without having to obtain any prior authorization, but the legislation provides an ample margin of appreciation to the authorities and significantly restricts this freedom in practice.

    INTERNAL SECURITY PACKAGE WITHIN THE ­FRAMEWORK OF ECHR AND COURT RULINGS

    According to the standards ECHR set out, law enforcement officers are allowed to intervene in public meetings and demonstrations in only limited occasions. Lawful intervention during demonstrations by law enforcement officers in line with ECHR shall be exercised only if intervention is prescribed by law; necessary in a democratic society; in pursuit of a legitimate aim. Therefore in practice, intervention of law enforcement authorities could be allowed if only violent actions occur. It is not the role of law enforcement officers to disapprove of a political idea.

    Fundamental criteria based on article 8 (right to privacy) of the ECHR exist regarding the regulations related to phone tapping and control of the communication. After the amendments concluded in the package that authorize the police to record and listen to private phone conversations without a court order up to 48 hours must align the following standards, the regulations must be in accordance with law; accessible to the citizen; must be sufficiently precise to enable the citizen reasonably to foresee the consequences which a given action may entail; provide effective safeguards against arbitrary interference.

    Finally it is useful to share the following data: According to 2014 statistics published by ECHR; 45 of the 101 ECHR judgments against Turkey were related to right to freedom and security (Article 5), 24 of those judgments against Turkey were related to freedom of expression (Article 10). On the other hand, when the judgments against Turkey between 1959 and 2014 have been observed, it is seen that, with 63 violation judgments, Turkey is considered as a country that violated the right to assemble and associate most, among all contracting parties to ECHR. Lastly, all foreseen measures within the package that are planned to be implemented in the near future should be designed with the perspective of preventing the violations of rights mentioned above.

    JANUARY 2015: THE ATTACK ON CHARLIE HEBDO IS AN ATTACK AGAINST UNIVERSAL VALUES

     

    We, as IKV, condemn the brutal attack against the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo which led to tragic death of 12 people in Paris, France. We extend our deepest condolences to the families and relatives of the victims and to the French public. Regardless of the reason, any terrorist activity targeting the people’s lives and fundamental freedoms is considered as a crime against the humanity.

    This attack, at the heart of the European values, leads to an even stronger confirmation of respect for fundamental rights and freedoms as is evident with the protests following the attack across the Europe. The attack sadly reveals the extreme points that are reached by provocative politics based on religious values together with the risk of triggering the hostility against the people of different faiths in Europe in the future.

  • NOVEMBER 2014: “IKV WHICH EXPLAINS TURKEY TO THE EU AND THE EU TO TURKEY IS CELEBRATING ITS 50TH ANNIVERSARY”

    IKV was founded on the 26th November 1965 by a joint action of Istanbul Chamber of Industry Chairman Fazıl Zobu and Istanbul Chamber of Trade Chairman Behçet Osmanağaoğlu with the objective of contributing to Turkey’s relations with the EU and its accession process. Our foundation was established with the aim to represent and become the voice of the Turkish business world within the EU. Alongside the two founders, IKV is also supported by the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey (TOBB), the Turkish Exporters Assembly (TIM), the Banks Association of Turkey (TBB), the Turkish Confederation of Employer Associations (TISK), the Turkish Industry and Business Association (TÜSİAD), the Union of Agricultural Chambers of Turkey (TZOB), Istanbul Textile and Apparel Exporters’ Association (İHKİB) and the Istanbul Commodity Exchange.

    IKV is contributing to the development of external relations in order to strengthen Turkey’s economic and social development and to the advancement of Turkey-EU relations. IKV also aims to raise awareness about the EU and to encourage the participation of the Turkish business world in the EU accession process. With its publications and research, projects as well as with the organization of seminars and conferences, IKV is monitoring closely the EU and Turkey-EU relations, providing solutions to overcome the current problems observed in Turkey-EU relations and lastly raising awareness by organizing various activities both in Turkey and in the EU.

    Furthermore, since 1984, thanks to its representative office in Brussels, IKV is engaged in close relation with EU institutions and its officials. Indeed, IKV was the first foundation to have established an office in Brussels to represent Turkish business community in the EU. In this regard, our representative office, on behalf of Turkish business community, is presenting its position and recommendation to EU officials on how to further strengthen Turkey-EU relations and to overcome the existing problems. Furthermore, as it is closely monitoring EU, IKV’s Brussels office is also providing information related to important developments.

    Our foundation, upon the completion of its 49th year today is about to enter its 50th year. In the course of 2015, in the spirit of celebrating its 50th anniversary, our foundation will carry out various projects and activities under the theme of “50 Years, 50 Projects”. As we are celebrating our 50th anniversary, our objective shall be to give a new momentum to Turkey’s EU perspective.

    Until today, important developments in Turkey-EU relations have taken place such as the establishment of the Customs Union, the recognition of Turkey as a candidate country and the start of accession negotiations. As a leading civil society and research institution, IKV has always been at the forefront during this whole process. Hereafter, our most important objective is to see our country as a member state which has completed its integration with the EU. Our foundation which has been established with a visionary approach has put its efforts with the support of its founders and trustees in protecting this vision and in ensuring that Turkey takes its well-deserved place in the EU as a country which has always been part of Europe.

    As our foundation is celebrating its 50th year anniversary, I would like to take this opportunity to solemnly thank all our trustees, along with all organisations and institutions that have shown their support to our foundation, to our former chairmen, to our members of the Board of Directors and to everyone who has followed closely our works and to all of our employees.  We hope that we will continue together to carry out many more new projects in the years to follow.

    Sincerely,

    Ömer Cihad VARDAN

    Economic Development Foundation

    Chairman of the Board of Directors

    NOVEMBER 2014: “THE PRESIDENCY OF THE G20 IS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR TURKEY TO MOVE FORWARD”

     Priorities of the G20 Summit in Australia: “Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth”

    Turkey will take over the G20’s round presidency on the 1st December 2014. On the 15-16 November 2014, in their final declaration, G20 leaders gathered in Brisbane and approved formally this decision during the Summit held under the Presidency of Australia. In this final declaration, a particular emphasis was put on the growth and unemployment which have been described as the common problem of all G20 countries. In the final declaration, leaders emphasised the importance to act together in order to boost growth and create jobs, to reinforce the resistance of economies and to strengthen global institutions that are shaping the global economy which is becoming more and more interdependent. In order to meet those objectives, structural reforms need to be further developed and market mechanisms improved. Furthermore the private sector need to be more supported and the weakness of the infrastructures to be overcome. All these aside, trade and investments should also be increased and new measures encouraging growth should be implemented through the macroeconomic and financial policies.

    The G20 Summit has determined a clear objective in order to meet a “strong, sustainable and balanced growth” and is proposing that the G20 countries’ total GDP should be increased by at least 2 percent by 2018. An increase of 2.1 percent in the global economy would add more than US$ 2 trillion to the global economy and thus creating millions of new jobs. The declaration also included provision on inclusive growth, combating poverty, increasing women’s participation in the workforce, decreasing youth unemployment, creating a more equitable tax system, combating corruption, energy efficiency and prevention of climate change have also been included in the final declaration.

    Turkey takes over the presidency of the G20

    It is of utmost importance, as Turkey is taking over the presidency of the G20, that those objectives and priorities determined during the previous presidency shall be pursued. Moreover, in order to give direction to the G20’s works in 2015, Turkey should also put forward its own priorities. Deputy Prime Minister Ali Babacan listed Turkey’s priorities as follows: focusing on the problems of the least developed countries, supporting small and medium sized enterprises, encouraging structural reforms in all G20 countries and promoting further multilateral trade and investments. Without doubt, another issue where Turkey shall focus on closely is to facilitate the financial support and to encourage investments in infrastructures for the private sector, especially for SMEs.

     A Window of Opportunity for Turkey within the Global Governance

    As Turkey would like to play the role of the bridge between the developed and developing countries, the G20’s Presidency which accounts 85 percent of global economy present itself a window of opportunity.

    When one considers that the EU – of which Turkey is not yet a member - has 4 of its Member States and the European Commission on behalf of the EU in the G20, Turkey will be the  leading a system that the EU takes parts in during one year. In this respect, this is also an opportunity for Turkey to determine its own growth plans at a global level.

    The G20 shall thus continue to work on meeting the global growth objectives under the leadership of Turkey. The Presidency of the G20 shall constitute an impulsive force for a growing economy like Turkey to take the necessary steps for implementing structural reforms, enhancing the rule of law, increasing the quality of education and tackling the middle income trap.

    Initiatives such as the B20, L20, C20 and Y20 established within the framework of 20, the consolidation of the international dimensions of the private sector, employee and employer organisations, think tanks, youth organisations and of all civil society segments as well as their inclusion in the global agenda will be a transforming experience.

    Furthermore, the presidency of the G20 will give the opportunity to Turkey to increase its presence and activity in the international arena and to raise better its voice. In that respect, as IKV, we hope that the presidency of the G20 will create a positive momentum in Turkey’s EU accession process.



     

     

    OCTOBER 2014: FIRST PROGRESS REPORT ON VISA LIBERALISATION ROADMAP FOR TURKISH CITIZENS

    The European Commission published its first report on progress by Turkey in fulfilling the requirements of its visa liberalisation roadmap on 20 October 2014. Publication of this first report represents the first critical juncture in visa liberalisation dialogue for Turkish citizens which became official with the signing of Readmission Agreement between Turkey and EU on 16 December 2013.  

    The European Commission assesses technical reforms conducted by Turkey since December 2013 according to 72 different criteria as well as presenting political recommendations for enhancing the level of adaptation to the criteria.

    “There is progress in 4 blocks out of 5; requirements are fulfilled in 62 criteria out of 72” 

    An overall assessment of 72 criteria shows that Turkey fulfilled or almost fulfilled requirements in 22 criteria; partially fulfilled requirements in 40 criteria; and did not fulfil requirements in 10 criteria. In this regard, Turkey has recorded a certain progress in visa liberalisation roadmap through fulfilment of 62 criteria out of 72.

    “Turkish passports are not in line with the EU standards”

    The most critical assessment in the first block of the Roadmap, Document Security, is the low level of compliance of Turkish passports with the EU standards. Commission recommends Turkey to introduce passports with biometric data, including photo and fingerprints especially in line with the EU standards.  

    “Turkey should allow non-discriminatory visa-free access to the Turkish territory for the citizens of all the EU member states”

    In the second block of the Roadmap, Migration Management, Commission recommends Turkey to end discriminatory treatment to EU member states citizens in accessing to Turkish territory especially to citizens of Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus. In this sense, Commission asks Turkish authorities to change ‘Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus’ to ‘Republic of Cyprus’ in the official website of Turkish e-visa system. 

    “Statistics presents a positive trend”

    Along with the visa liberalisation roadmap criteria, European Commission also presents current statistics on migration and visa in assessing the overall situation in Turkey. Turkey shows a positive trend with regard to almost every statistical indicator selected to monitor changes in Turkey’s risk profile. Yet, Commission points out an exception which shows Turkish authorities’ high rate of refusal to readmission requests made by Greek authorities regarding the irregular migrants. 

    “There is an increase in C-type visa requests from Turkey”

    One of the most significant statistics presented by the Commission shows the increase in the C-type visa requests made by Turkish citizens. According to Report, in 2013 780.846 C-type visas were requested from Turkey which represents 61% increase in visa requests when compared to applications in 2009. In addition, rate of refusal to visa requests is 4.7 compared to 6.73 in 2010.

    “IKV considers the Report as positive, constructive, and encouraging”

    IKV, as an institution that invests a strong effort on visa-free travel between Turkey and EU, welcomes the First Report on Visa Liberalisation Roadmap as positive, constructive, and encouraging both in terms of its content and its format. Through this Report, Commission presents Turkey an objective, precise, and full picture of the process which consists of several technical criteria. In this regard, the First Report on Visa Liberalisation Roadmap with its clear assessment will provide Turkey an opportunity for further progress in a more positive and constructive environment.

    We hope that Turkey’s positive progress in the visa liberalisation dialogue will make a contribution to the acceleration of accession talks in the 10th year of Turkey-EU accession negotiations.

     

    OCTOBER 2014: ECJ DECISION ON TURKISH MIGRANTS IN AUSTRIA

    “RECENT DEVELOPMENT REGARDING TURKISH IMMIGRANTS IN AUSTRIA ON 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF TURKISH LABOUR MIGRATION”

    European Commission has taken an important step regarding the visa and residency rights of workers of Turkish nationality in Austria. On 16 October 2014, European Commission decided to refer Austria to European Court of Justice, the highest judicial authority of the EU, to ameliorate the rights of workers of Turkish nationality and their families. Austria is accused by the European Commission for violating Art. 41/1 of Association Agreement and Additional Protocol between Turkey and the EU.

    According to the statement by the European Commission, inclusion of dispositions by the Austrian legislation since 1995 worsens the legal situation of Turkish workers and their families and it breaches the ‘standstill’ clauses of the EU-Turkey Association Agreement. The demand proposed by the case, which will be held on the 50th anniversary of Turkish labour migration, is to ensure visa and residency rights of Turkish workers and their families and to adopt the necessary amendments to Austrian establishment and residence legislation.

    On April 2014, European Commission has called for amelioration of the rights of workers of Turkish nationality and their families but there has been no act on the side of the Austrian government. According to European Commission, there is a worsening of the legal situation of Turkish workers and family members although the Association Agreement is binding on Austria since its entry to the EU. European Commission points the instance of increase in the minimum age for family reunification from 18 to 21 for spouses, and introduction of more restrictive literacy and language requirements. In this regard, European Commission highlights the worsening of the rights of Turkish workers and violation of Art. 41/1 of Association Agreement and Additional Protocol.

    Austria’s response to the European Commission which was submitted on November 2013 states that an amendment to establishment and residence legislation is not necessary. Instead, circulars published by the Austrian Ministry of Interior asked relevant departments to end the practices that are worsening the situation of Turkish workers. Yet, these initiatives are considered as insufficient by the European Commission due to the possibility of not removing the practices by the relevant departments or changing the content of the circulars by the Austrian government.

    The Court of Justice has given several rulings regarding the rights of Turkish nationals in the EU based on the Association law. As is known, European Commission as ‘Guardian of the Treaties’ is responsible to ensure EU law is properly applied and to take formal action in case of violation of the Union law along with European Court of Justice whose role is to interpret EU law and to settle legal disputes. In recent years, restrictive immigration policies adopted by Western European countries are also implemented against Turkish citizens. However, Association between Turkey and the EU whose legal framework was identified by Ankara Agreement of 1963 and Additional Protocol of 1970 prohibits discrimination against Turkish citizens on grounds of nationality and grants Turkish nationals rights beyond the rights of nationals from third countries.

    OCTOBER 2014: IKV EVALUATION ON 2014 EUROPEAN COMMISSION PROGRESS REPORT FOR TURKEY

    “WE HOPE THAT 2014 TURKEY PROGRESS REPORT WILL REPRESENT THE BEGINNING OF A NEW TURNING POINT FOR TURKEY’S EU ACCESSION PROCESS” 

    The European Commission’s 2014 Turkey Progress Report has been published on the 8th October 2014. The 2014 Turkey Progress Report not only is the seventeenth progress report published by the European Commission since 1998 but also the last one prepared by the Second Barroso Commission and the EU Commissioner Responsible for Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy Štefan Füle. Therefore this report contains clues about the Commission’s approach towards Turkey and the enlargement policy for the new Commission under Jean-Claude Juncker that will take office in November and also for the new designated Commissioner for European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations Johannes Hahn.

    In general, 2014 Turkey Progress Report reflects the latest developments in Turkey through a balanced and moderate approach.

    The evaluations made by IKV as an institution which has been working on Turkey-EU relations since 1965 are as follows:

    In 2014 Turkey Progress Report, the Commission draws attention to positive developments such as the opening of the chapter on Regional Policy and Coordination of Structural Instruments, the signature of the Readmission Agreement and the launch of visa liberalization dialogue, the continuation of the cooperation within the Positive Agenda and the report on the Customs Union prepared by the World Bank.

    The fact that the year 2014 has been announced as the “EU Year” and the positive developments such as the announcement of the EU Strategy by the 62nd Government, the adoption by the Turkish Grand National Assembly of the legal framework in regards to the settlement process, the reinforcement of the political dialogue between Turkey and the EU within the framework of the external and security policy, the increasing collaboration in the area of energy, the presence of an active civil society, in the field of human rights the adoption of the Law on Foreigners and International Protection and the Action Plan for Prevention of Violations of the European Convention on Human Rights have been emphasized in the report. Furthermore the fact that  Turkey has accepted more than one million refugees has been also welcomed by the European authorities.

    In the report, within the framework of the political criteria, important criticisms were made in regards especially to independence, impartiality and efficiency of the judiciary,  separation of powers, the rule of law,  increasing political polarization,  fight against corruption,  parliamentary immunities, freedom of though and expression,  freedom of media and the right to assembly and the freedom to association. It has been stressed that it is important for Turkey to take into notice the European standards in order to foster into a democratic structure that respects human rights and fundamental freedoms.

    Within the framework of the economic criteria, Turkey’s growth performance and its resilience to shocks has been praised while drawing the attention to the high current account deficit, relatively high inflation, the ongoing dependence on capital inflows which can threaten the macroeconomic stability of the country in the future. However the European Commission did not mention that Turkey is in better position than many EU countries in terms of satisfying the Maastricht criteria.

    Regarding the negotiation chapters, the Commission confirms that;

    • No progress have been made on 4 chapters;
    • Limited or some progress have been made on 20 chapters;
    • Progress or good progress has been made on 8 chapters.

    In this context, the Commission further ensures that Turkey has achieved in terms of the harmonization with the EU acquis:

    • Early harmonization level  on 7 chapters;
    • Moderate harmonization level on 9 chapters;
    • Advanced harmonization level on 16 chapters.

    In this framework, as the IKV we would like to once again underline that Turkey is an important partner for the EU and a candidate state negotiating accession to the EU.  In addition, the EU is for Turkey an important partner, a target of integration and a source of inspiration for internal reforms. The completion of the accession negotiations in a reasonable time is significantly important for medium term and long term planning and strategies of both parties.

    The Commission Progress Reports are the main tools for the EU’s Enlargement Policy. However, the loss of the credibility in regards to the EU accession negotiations and the weakening of the membership perspective prevent the Progress Reports to be an effective tool that will contribute in encouraging the reform process effectively in Turkey. The seventeen published Progress Reports since 1998, aimed to display a fair portrait of Turkey and trigger EU reforms in the country. However, they could not manage to align Turkey with the EU at the expected speed and level due to political obstacles in the accession process. Besides Turkey’s determination for its internal reforms, the encouragement, the guidance and the support from the EU as well as the open and clear membership perspective will help Turkey to progress and align itself with the EU standards.

    In this framework, we would like to remind once again, that the successor of Stefan Füle in the new Commission, Johannes Hahn has been designated as the responsible member of the Commission in charge of the “Neighborhood Policy and the Enlargement Negotiations”. Also the newly elected President of the European Commission Jean Claude Juncker specified that in the next five years EU will not enlarge through the accession of new members.  On the other hand, although membership would not occur in the next 5 years, credibility of the membership perspective is necessary for the negotiations to proceed in an effective manner.

    In this sense, we believe that the political problems and unilateral blockages on the opening of negotiation chapters prevent the effective implementation of Turkey’s accession negotiations. Although there is a prospect of opening one or two chapters during the Italian Presidency of the Council of the EU, chapters cannot be provisionally closed. This situation prevents the improvement of obstructs the positive substantial effects of the accession negotiations on the lives of Turkish citizens.

    As indicated in the last Progress Report, Chapter 23 and 24 which cover the judicial system, the freedom of expression and migration which are the main criticized topics made by the EU are politically blocked. Therefore, the removal of political blockages and the provisional closure of these chapters will enable Turkey to progress within its accession process especially in the areas where Turkey is mostly subject to criticism. Otherwise, there will be hardly any development made towards membership and the Commission will continue publishing new Progress Reports on Turkey without any real progress and prospects for Turkey’s integration to EU. As stated by the EU Commissioner for Enlargement and Neighborhood Policy Štefan Füle during the presentation of 2014 Enlargement Package at the European Parliament Committee of Foreign Affairs Meeting, the accession negotiations should be the engine of EU’s relations with Turkey. Yet, it is important to note that prospect for full membership should also be clearly indicated. 

    Therefore, Commission’s Progress Reports should present substantive and visible outputs for both parties. In fact, indicating short-term road map through annual reports can contribute Turkey’s integration with the EU to an important extent. Furthermore, the importance of enhancing the communication among decision-makers, institutions, NGOs, and the public is sine qua non for the accession process as indicated by the latest EU Strategy of Turkey and as underlined by our Foundation.

    We, as IKV, believe that Turkey’s membership to the EU will be a ‘win-win’ situation for both sides and it will represent an added-value not only to Turkey and the EU but also to global security and welfare. Turkey will be an important player in helping EU to achieve its aims such as to boost economic growth, to keep European social model alive; to lead in science and technology; and to have a prominent and peaceful role in the global system.

    Moreover, integrating Turkey which aims to maintain stability and to establish the principles of the rule of law in such an unstable and conflict prone geography ranging from Syria to Ukraine and from Iraq to Egypt is important for the world peace as it is important for the EU itself.

    To realize Turkey’s aim for full integration to EU:

    1.      The accession process should continue effectively;

    2.      The political blockage should be overcome;

    3.      The EU should openly express its political will for Turkey’s full membership;

    4.      Turkey should be committed to reforms in line with membership criteria.

    Finally, Turkey’s new EU Strategy and Prime Ministry Circular of 25 September 2014 introduced a new provision making consultancy to Ministry for EU Affairs compulsory in preparing the draft legislations for the harmonization with the EU acquis which represents a promising attempt signaling the commitment of the 62nd government towards Turkey’s full membership to the EU.

    SEPTEMBER 2014: 62ND GOVERNMENT PROGRAMME AND RELATIONS WITH THE EU

    The priority given to Turkey’s EU membership target in the 62nd government program is a promising development.

    We believe that, the election of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan as the 12th President of the Republic of Turkey and the mandate given to former Minister of Foreign Affairs Prof. Ahmet Davutoğlu to form the 62nd government will tremendously contribute to Turkey's EU membership process.

    The program of the 62nd government formed by Prime Minister Prof. Davutoğlu and presented at the Turkish Grand National Assembly, includes significant elements with regards to Turkey’s objective of EU membership.

    In the government program, it has been specified that Turkey will continue to pursue its objective of EU membership and it is foreseen to accelerate the pace of the reform process with the adoption and the implementation of a “National Action Plan for EU Membership” covering the period between 2014 and 2017.  It is also ensured within the program that Turkey is standing by the European values and that the EU accession negotiations constitute a major pillar of its multilateral foreign policy.

    These statements are a demonstration of Turkey’s strong determination. Besides, the EU negotiation process, beyond constituting an integral element of Turkey’s foreign policy, should be perceived as a mechanism ensuring internal transformation with the ultimate objective of taking part in the project which above all aims, in the words of Jean Monnet, “not building a coalition of states, but uniting people”.

    Furthermore, the appointment of former Chief Negotiator and EU Affairs Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu as the new Minister for Foreign Affairs on the one hand, and the former Secretary General of the EU General Secretariat and former Turkish Permanent Representative to the EU his Excellency former Ambassador Volkan Bozkır as the new Chief Negotiator and Minister for EU Affairs on the other, are a clear proof of the significance attributed to Turkey’s EU membership process by the 62nd government.

    Within this framework, the Minister for EU Affairs of the Republic of Turkey and the Chief Negotiator Volkan Bozkır, in his first press statement, indicated that Turkey's EU membership process will bring along important transformations. In his statement, Bozkır stressed that “the EU affects every aspect of daily life. It is a structure that raises the quality of welfare, education and life standards and enables the public to look to the future with more confidence. A chapter is just a ship in the ocean made up of small pieces of paper.” Through this comparison, he implies that the EU accession process does not rely simply on opening and closing negotiation chapters, it is a process of restructuring and transformation affecting every aspect of our lives.

    The fact that the 62nd government program identifies as one of its objectives to ensure Turkey’s EU membership objective is realized by 2023, the centenary of the foundation of the Turkish Republic, indicates despite the obstacles encountered in by Turkey in process, the target of EU membership is not left aside.

    We welcome the determination demonstrated by our government with regards to Turkey’s EU membership process and we hope this will generate a momentum resulting in an ambitious reform and development agenda similar to the process carried out in the period between 1999 and 2004.

    JUNE 2014: RATIFICATION OF READMISSION AGREEMENT BY TGNA

    READMISSION: A STEP FORWARD

    IKV: “We welcome the ratification of the Readmission Agreement by the TGNA” 

    As IKV we welcome the ratification of the readmission agreement, which is an effective instrument in fighting against the international irregular migration, by the TGNA on 25 June 2014 subsequent to its ratification by the European Parliament. It is without doubt that by virtue of modern border management understanding, readmission is an essential mechanism for all countries in dealing with irregular and illegal migration and thus for the providing of security within and beyond national borders. For Turkey, which has been conducting accession negotiations with the EU, the establishment of the readmission mechanism, beyond being part of the EU accession criteria, is crucial in ensuring the internal and external security of the country. 

    Turkey-EU Readmission Agreement which was signed on 16 December 2013 by the contracting parties after lengthy negotiations lasted more than 10 years, foresees the readmission of refugees to Turkey who illegally entered the EU member state territories via Turkey. The readmission of refugees that entered the EU via Turkey will start to be implemented at least three years after the publication of the legal decision in the Official Gazette.  

    İKV President Ömer Cihad Vardan:  

    “Deadlocks are disentangled one by one” 

    The ratification of the Turkey-EU Readmission Agreement as a final step prior to its entry into force, has the meaning for the disentanglement of deadlocks one by one existing in Turkey-EU relations for more than 50 years. 

     “Visa Liberalisation Dialogue should be concluded; Visa Obligation should be abandoned”

    We wish that, following the ratification of the concerning agreement, the visa liberalisation dialogue towards Turkish nationals which instigated between Turkey and the EU in December 2013 will be swiftly completed in a mindful manner considering the sensitivities of involving parties. In this context, as an institution putting forth the effort to work on the visa issue over the course of many years which compels any political, economic, legal, and above all, any humanitarian norms, we hope that the deadlock and the continuous dispute lasting almost 30 years over the visa obligation towards Turkish nationals will soon be resolved following the ratification of the Readmission Agreement.

    “Positive Steps should be reflected upon the negotiation process”

    As IKV, we also hope that the positive steps taken on the readmission and visa issue will be optimistically reflected upon the Turkey-EU accession negotiation process proceeding since 2005. It should not be forgotten that Turkey has been putting a great deal of effort in complying with the criteria stated in the Readmission Agreement as well as the Visa Liberalisation Roadmap. We hope that these efforts will both positively contribute to the membership negotiation process and the opening of Chapter 24 on “Justice, Freedom and Security” to negotiations in order to facilitate the visa exemption for Turkish nationals within Europe.

     

    MAY 2014: EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ELECTIONS

    EU CITIZENS WENT TO BALLOT BOX TO DETERMINE 751 NEW MEMBERS OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT

    By voting in the European elections for the eighth time since 1979, EU citizens choose their Member of Parliaments who will represent them at EU level. The European Parliament has seen its weight and authority increased within the institutional balance during these last 35 years. The elections determining the 751 new members of the European Parliament, which works as democratic platform and represents the main political movement of the 28 Member States, were held between 22nd and 25th May 2014.

    According to the first unofficial results of the elections in which the participation rate was 43.09%, the two major parties of the Parliament, European People’s Party (EPP), representing the European Centre-Right, and Socialists & Democrats (S&D) representing the European Centre-Left, have preserved their weight by receiving the majority of the votes. Nevertheless, both parties have lost votes compared to the previous elections.  In this regard, EPP lost 8% and S&D lost 3% of their votes.

    According to these unofficial results, the parties which have seen their vote increased are as follows: Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD), European United Left (GUE/NGL), the Greens and European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA). The parties which have increased their votes seem to be ones that have demonstrated skeptic characteristics towards Europe Union. The increase of vote percentages in the extreme right parties, such as UK Independence Party (UKIP) and Front National (FN), is a clear indication that the elections reflect the rise of Eurosceptisim, and without doubt this raises concerns in regards to the European ideals and the European Union.
    The election results demonstrated that European voters who are dealing with economic problems, unemployment, political uncertainty, global competition, may have been carried away with these defensive and extreme ideologies. Instead of being troubled by this, it is essential that politics reveals its capacity to focus on the problems encountered by citizens and its ability to find solutions. Besides, the European Parliament elections tend to expose citizens’ reaction through their votes.

    A FIRST IN EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ELECTIONS: EUROPE HAS ALSO ELECTED THE PRESIDENT OF THE COMMISSION

    Without doubt 2014 elections of the European Parliament have been quite different from the previous elections.

    A first has happened during this year’s election:  Parties which have been competing for the European Parliament elections have also determined their candidates for the President of the European Commission. This can be considered as a major step when discussions concerning democratic deficits are always on top of the agenda. Candidates for the Presidency, Jean-Claude Juncker (EPP), Martin Schulz (S&D), Guy Verhofstadt (ALDE), Alexis Tsipras (GUE/NGL), Ska Keller and Jose Bove (Greens-EFA) are in a cut-throat competition. However, it is not determined yet whether the EU Council will nominate candidates put forward by the parties for the Commission Presidency. There is still a small possibility that the Council may nominate another candidate who is not in this candidate list. The votes received by political groups in the European Parliament elections will nevertheless influence the decision of the EU Council. Eventually, the person nominated for Presidency and the entire College of Commissioner would need the approval of the European Parliament (at least 376 of 751 votes). The European elections will have a determining role in the determination of the President of the Commission. When evaluating the election results, it can be observed that the major two parties continue to be important influence and besides the EPP’s Luxembourgian candidate Jean-Claude Juncker seems to have increased his chances. It is foreseen that the election and the appointment processes will be completed in November.

    THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT IS THE VOICE OF THE EUROPEAN PUBLIC OPINION

    The European Parliament is the voice of the European public opinion.

    Hence, the views and policies of the European Parliament are of outmost important for an EU candidate country such as Turkey. The European Parliament is an institution that can directly influence Turkey’s EU process through its reports in regards to the Progress Reports on Turkey presented by the European Commission and through decisions taken by its own initiative. Furthermore, one must not forget that the European Parliament has the authority of approving the new member states joining the European Union.

    Turkey must therefore closely follow the activities of the European Parliament not only because the discourse of the MEPs largely reflects the thoughts of European citizens but because it also shapes the European public opinion. In addition to that, we need to better represent ourselves to the European Parliament as well as to other EU institutionsand improve our communication with MEPs.

    We should not forget that Turkey’s EU membership will be possible with the approval of EP.

    THE RISING OF EXTRENE RIGHT AND TURKEY’S EU MEMBERSHIP PROCESS

    The rising of the extreme right in the European Parliament elections should not lead to pessimism in regards to Turkey. Today, Europe, which is unsettled politically, economically, and socially and is struggling in the adaptation problems brought by these changes, needs Turkey more than ever.

    Turkey, which is in close relations with Europe not only in the Republican period but also throughout the history, was affected by the political, social and cultural structure of the Europe and took Europe as a model of civilization. That’s why Turkey has always been part of the Europe and will continue so. Furthermore, Turkey, which has made tremendous progress in democratization and built a worldwide model combining Islamic values and secularism, will contribute to solve the European Communities’ problems regarding immigrations, cultural differences and Islam. The European Union’s adaptation to this new era and its effort to remain a global actor will be achieved much more easily with Turkey at its side.

    On the other hand, in order for Turkey to be accepted in Europe and to prove that the discourses of extreme right parties are wrong, Turkey should accelerate the liberal reforms, strengthen democracy and better struggle with problems such as work accident, honor killing which do not suit a modern European country. It is essential that Turkey accelerates the democratization and development process in order to help the unification of the European Union.

    MAY 2014: IKV STATEMENT ON THE READMISSION AGREEMENT - “REGULATION OF IRREGULAR IMMIGRATION IS A MUTUAL PROBLEM FOR TURKEY AND THE EU”

    According to the recent data published by FRONTEX, the agency responsible for EU’s external borders and security, the number of immigrants who tried to enter the EU illegally has increased in the year 2013 whilst, the cases of illegal migration at the Greek-Turkish border has been at its lowest levels in the last five years.

    The report entitled “2014 Annual Risk Analysis” published in May by FRONTEX, the agency responsible of EU’s external borders and security, asserted that the ratio of immigrants who tried to enter the EU illegally in 2013 has increased by 48% compared to 2012. The authorities stated that while in 2012 only 72.500 people tried to enter the EU illegally, that number has increased to 107.000 in 2013. According to the report, the illegal immigrants come mostly from are Syria, Eritrea, and Afghanistan. 

    FRONTEX emphasizes on the following three points as it evaluates the outcomes of 2013:

    1) “1 out of 4 illegal immigrants trying to enter the EU, is a Syrian citizen”
    There has been a significant increase in the numbers of Syrian citizens trying to enter the EU illegally.

    2) “The most common route used by illegal immigrants is the route of North Africa and Italy”
    Immigrants trying to enter the EU from North Africa via Italy, account for 38% of the total of illegal immigrants.

    3) “Detections of illegal border-crossing strongly increased on the Western Balkan route”
    The fastest increase in the route taken by the immigrants to enter the EU illegally has been detected in the Western Balkans which coincides with the visa liberalization granted by EU to these countries’ citizens.

    FRONTEX also drew the attention to the decreasing number of illegal transit at the Greek-Turkish border.
    According to the statistics, the lowest level of illegal transit at the Greek-Turkish land borders have been recorded in this past five years. Nevertheless, 1 out of 4 illegal entries to the EU is still realized through the Greek-Turkish border. The detection of illegal immigration was observed in the Eastern Aegean Sea and at the land border between Bulgaria and Turkey. Syrians were the most detected in these routes.

    IKV: “Illegal Immigration is a Mutual Problem for Turkey and the EU”

    As it is well known, the prevention of illegal immigration has been one of the most important topics in Turkey-EU relations. Within this framework, the Readmission Agreement was signed in December 2013; and according to the agreement, Turkey agreed to welcome not only its citizens who has gone or has been living in the EU illegally but also the citizens of third countries who have been proven of entering illegally to EU via Turkey.

    With the entry into force of the agreement, Turkey needs to control the transits at its borders and to build the capacity to prevent these illegal transits in order to implement effectively the agreement. As it can be understood from the statistics, the strengthening of the Greek-Turkish border has contributed to the decreasing use of this transit route by immigrants. Nevertheless, illegal transits from the Greek-Turkish border still represent 25% of the total transits.

    Besides, according to the statistics revealed, North African- Italy and Malta route , and the Hungary-Serbia border, are also important transit points. The transit through Turkey to Aegean islands constitutes also an important problem. It is a widely known that immigrants tend to end up with immigrant smugglers and they undergo this transit period under very difficult conditions. Proper regulations must be put into effect regarding the fight with immigrant smuggling and to take better account of human rights, within the protection of the borders. In this respect, the legislation approved on Foreigners and International Protection in April 2013 is considered as positive progress in terms of accepting contemporary standards. It is without doubt that this law is regarded as an important legal instrument for Turkey in its fight against illegal immigration.

    It is well known that Syrians, who were able to escape from the civil war in Syria, are trying lately to enter the EU via Turkey. An intense cooperation between the EU and Turkey is needed in order to satisfy Syrians who are under temporary protection with their basic needs and also guarantee their lives and ensure their security. According to the statement made by Turkey’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ahmet Davutoğlu, the total spending for Syrian refugees between April 2011 and March 2014, has been over 2.5 billion US dollars. Only 183 million dollars of this spending has been compensated by the international community. It has been acknowledged that a large portion of spending for Syrian refugees has been financed by Turkey alone.
    As it is stated in the FRONTEX report, most of the illegal immigrants who try to enter the EU are mostly Syrians who try to escape the civil war which destroyed their homes and threatened their survival. It is essential that the EU takes also part of its responsibility in satisfying the needs of Syrian refugees and cooperates therefore more with Turkey. It must not be forgotten that irregular immigration which is one of the most important challenges of our time, can only be solved by taking into account immigrants’ security and well-being and only through better international and regional cooperation.

    MAY 2014: İKV CHAIRMAN ÖMER CİHAD VARDAN`S STATEMENT ON ECHR`S JUDGMENT ON JUST SATISFACTION IN THE CASE OF CYPRUS V. TURKEY

     “ECHR’s judgment should not overshadow the positive atmosphere in Cyprus”

    Turkey has rights and responsibilities as a guarantor state

    Turkey, in accordance with its (guarantor state) rights arising from international law, intervened into Cyprus in order to re-establish the constitutional structure and protect the rights of Turkish citizens that had become subject to murderous attacks and even exposed to massacres.

    The losses of lives are not unilateral; ECHR’s attitude and the timing of its judgment are thought-provoking

    The loss of lives in Cyprus had also happened prior to Turkey’s intervention into Cyprus. Given that the losses of lives are not unilateral, it is a great misfortune that ECHR, whilst delivering its judgment on Turkey, has lost the sight of the course of events and has exclusively focused on the claims of Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus. This situation has brought the impartiality and prestige of ECHR into disrepute.

    ECHR’s judgment might have a negative impact on the negotiation process

    The timing of the ECHR’s judgment is thought-provoking as it is delivered shortly after the resumption of peace talks in February 2014 which have been ongoing for many years under the joint leadership of Turkey. We are deeply concerned that this judgment might have a negative impact on the current negotiation process closely monitored by the international community who approach the matter of subject with great expectations of the sustainable resolution to the Cyprus issue.

    Greek Cypriots voted against the Annan Plan

    The claim “Turkey is unwilling to resolve this issue by political means”, which was put forward by the applicant Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus, is not valid. Turkey voted in favour of the Annan Plan which was proposed in 2002 towards the settlement of this issue including the missing people matters. We, hereby, would like to bring to the public attention that the Annan Plan, whilst approved by the majority of Turkish Cypriots, was rejected by Greek Cypriots at the referendum held on both sides of the island in 2004.

    Sincerity dilemmas

    The decision of Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus to take legal action with a delay intended for just satisfaction, 9 years after the initial decision of the ECHR’s in 2001 on the subject matter, raises a question mark in minds concerning the Greek Cypriot Administration’s determination and sincerity towards various issues including the Cyprus issue and Turkey-EU relations.

    A permanent resolution is urgently needed

    We, as the Economic Development Foundation, in relation to the occurrences in the aftermath of Turkey’s intervention into Cyprus in order to maintain the peace and security of Turkish Cypriots and to re-establish the disrupted constitutional structure, and in accordance with Turkey’s rights arising from international law, are deeply concerned that the ECHR’s decision obliging Turkey to pay compensation worth 90 million euros, might negatively impact the settlement negotiation process at the very time when the negotiations have recently resumed. Furthermore, we think that this judgment will not have any positive reflection on Turkey’s EU integration and accession negotiation process which has recently gained a new momentum. The intention to exercise control over Turkey with coercive precautions and without taking into consideration the political and international conjunctures cannot be, by any means, regarded as a constructive manner. On the contrary, the challenges ahead of the acceleration of the negotiation process can only be dealt with the adoption of a solution-oriented approach which is mutually shared by both parties. In our opinion, Turkey should continue its walk on this “long and thin” line of relations with Europe and in line with its EU membership objective and without being affected by the despair arose from this type of occurrences.

    This most recent development has shown that a permanent resolution to the Cyprus issue paving the way for Turkey’s EU accession is urgently needed. We hope that this judgment of ECHR will not overshadow the positive atmosphere recently formed en route for a resolution on the Cyprus issue.

    MAY 2014: IKV CHAIRMAN ÖMER CİHAD VARDAN’S STATEMENT ON 9 MAY EUROPE DAY

    “We hope to celebrate the following Europe Days as a country that will shape the future of the EU whilst having and sharing the same feeling with all.”

    9 May has changed Europe’s fate!

    “64 years ago, on 9 May, French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman shared with the public a declaration that would change Europe’s fate. With this declaration, Schuman came with a proposition for the European countries primarily for West Germany: the unification of the strategically important coal and steel industries under a common administration. This declaration, which was approved by France and Germany along with Italy and the Benelux countries, represents the first step of today’s European Union. For this reason, 9 May is celebrated as the Europe Day.
    This declaration signified the creation of togetherness and formation of a mutual destiny for all participating countries by the transfer of their exclusive sovereignty on specific areas, beyond coal and steel. As of today, when speaking of the European Union, we are referring to an area of free movement without boundaries wherein an economic and monetary union is successfully established and significant progress is achieved on foreign and security policy.”

    Turkey’s EU vision

    “Turkey’s EU vision goes back to the years that the foundations of the Union were laid down. In this 50 year-long process, Turkey has been a candidate country since 1999, and has been in the process of accession negotiations since 2005. This has a symbolic and tangible importance for the EU and Turkey as much as for the whole world. The membership of a country such as Turkey, which has increased its regional activities, has the ability to address culturally two different regions, and has shown outstanding progress in terms of social and economic development, can be referred to as an inspirational success story for all the countries around the world. This success is depended on both EU’s ability to have a vision for the future and the progress made by Turkey in the areas of democracy, the rule of law, and modern economy attributable to its dedication and determination.”

    It is time to expedite the EU process with an enhanced determination

    “It is observed that the EU accession negotiations progressing for nine and a half years have reached to a critical juncture. The incompletion of the negotiations in the near future might unfortunately cause the gradual abandonment of this process. Herein, the opening of chapters on ‘Justice and Fundamental Rights’ (Chapter 23) and ‘Justice, Freedom and Security’ (Chapter 24) which surely would play a key role in resolving Turkey’s current problems, might provide a solution towards the continuation of the process. Similarly, major European representatives from EU Member States including Štefan Füle, François Hollande and Angela Merkel, as indicated in their statements, are also in favour of the opening of Chapters 23 and 24. Most certainly, the recent positive developments in the Cyprus negotiations will advance further the opening of these chapters which are currently blocked by the Greek Cypriot Administration of the Southern Cyprus.”

    “We hope to celebrate the following Europe Days as a country that will shape the future of the EU whilst having and sharing the same feeling with all”.

    APRIL 2014: CUSTOMS UNION REPORT PREPARED BY THE WORLD BANK

    We regard the World Bank group report titled “Evaluation of the EU-Turkey Customs Union” as significant and highly important. The report evaluates the economic impacts of the Customs Union, its expansion to cover new areas, and inclusion of effective consultation and dispute resolution mechanism. The World Bank presents a holistic and integrated approach in this report by taking into account the views and grievances of both parties. Based on the report, we endorse the World Bank’s coherent account of critical problems concerning the customs union such as Free Trade Agreements (FTA), visas and road transport quotas, and its efforts in finding solutions to these matters. Furthermore, as the IKV, we hope that this integrated approach that takes into account both the possibilities of updating and expanding the customs union as well as dealing with its problems is also upheld by the EU side.

    As it is well known, the Customs Union between Turkey and the EU stems from the Association between Turkey and the EU and aims to prepare Turkey for further integration with the EU. It constitutes an important phase and the main objective of Turkey’s EU integration process. Article 28 of the Association Agreement envisaged the possibility of accession of Turkey to the Community. Since then, a considerable number of countries became EU member states whereas Turkey still has not gained full membership to the EU. The asymmetric relationship involved in the customs union, whereby the EU is the rule-maker and Turkey is only the rule-taker, can best be amended by Turkey’s membership to the EU. In this respect we note that a revision of the customs union should not be considered as an alternative to the accession negotiations. Rather it should be thought of as a transitory device, a stepping stone for further integration, until the final conclusion of Turkey’s accession. In this regard, it should be noted that a target date for the finalisation of accession negotiations would relieve the ambiguity surrounding the process and would give a boost to reforms in Turkey.

    Lastly we would like to reiterate the major problems experienced by Turkey in the customs union. These are also issues that block the full utilization of the benefits of the customs union. The first issue regards the FTA’s signed and negotiated between the EU and third countries which are increasing in number, expanding its scope to become “deep and comprehensive”, and incorporating major players of world trade. While Turkey is a customs union partner, it cannot take part in these negotiations. A Turkey clause added to the FTA’s recommend the signing of a similar agreement with Turkey. However, there are instances when the third parties concerned do not feel the need to sign such an agreement. When such an agreement is signed with Turkey, it is usually after some delay such as in the case of the FTA with Korea. Turkey experiences disadvantages in this situation such as trade diversion. While the third country concerned can enjoy the terms of the FTA in gaining access to the Turkish market, Turkish producers and traders cannot enjoy reciprocal benefits. We strongly believe that such agreements should be negotiated between Turkey and the third country concerned in parallel with the negotiations with the EU and both agreements should enter into force at the same time. Turkey should also be included in the trade policy of the EU by appropriate consultation mechanisms. The second problem is related to visa requirement for Turkish nationals. Visa requirement is also acting as a non-tariff barrier for Turkey since it limits opportunities for business cooperation projects, investment and production related activities for Turkish nationals in the EU. While Turkish business people have to acquire a letter of invitation to enter the EU for a meeting with their business counterparts, EU business people can freely enter Turkey. This also creates unfair competition for Turkish nationals. Third issue is related to the road transport quotas implemented by EU Member states to Turkish trucks which again have the effect of a non-tariff barrier since it limits the amount of goods transported to the EU from Turkey.

    We hope that the World Bank report triggers a process of resolving these problems as well as a search for upgrading the customs union by looking into possible areas of expansion such as services and agriculture. We also recommend serious research and impact analysis with regard to the costs and benefits of expansion of the customs union to such areas. All such efforts depend on the initiative and willingness of both parties for further cooperation, dialogue and integration.

    MARCH 2014: IKV CHAIRMAN VARDAN’S MESSAGE ON THE MARCH 30 LOCAL ELECTIONS

    Citizens of the Republic of Turkey used their political rights in a peaceful manner and were thus able to represent their own choice in the elections which were deemed as free and fair. The quite tense pre-election atmosphere did not weaken Turkish citizens’ resolve to use their right to vote and elect their local and municipal representatives.

    All the events witnessed previous to the elections and the results showed once more that Turkey which is undergoing accession negotiations with the European Union is committed to democracy. This is especially important in this period of time when the European Union is closely monitoring democratic evolution and stability process in Turkey.

    With this election, the citizens not only elected their local representatives for the next five years, but they also show by their vote their preference towards the continuation of stability in the country instead of the creation of a chaotic environment. We wish that our country will leave behind the tense election atmosphere and that the government will   continue the social, economic and democratic reforms to reach our 2023 goals in a peaceful and secure environment. We also hope that Turkey's negotiations with the European Union will be accelerated following the positive developments at the end of 2013.

    On this occasion, I would like to congratulate all the new representatives and I strongly believe that each of them will contribute to a more democratic and prosperous Turkey.

    MARCH 2014: BERLIN HIGHER ADMINISTARTION COURT’S DECISION ON VISA ISSUE

    Berlin Higher Administration Court’s ruling was an important decision in regard to the visa issue.

    Berlin Higher Administration Court has issued its decision on the 26th March 2014 on the lawsuit brought by a Turkish Businessman Osman Nuri Korca who was sent back in 2010 from Duisburg Airport in Germany on the ground that his Schengen visa was obtained from France.

    The Court has ruled with its decision (No: OVG 11 B 10.14) that the complainant Turkish businessman can enter Germany without visa under the following conditions:
    - He is a resident in Turkey;
    - He is providing a service on behalf of a company;
    - He is staying for a period not exceeding 90 days.

    With this decision, Germany has reaffirmed to a large extent the conclusion withdrawn in February 2009 in the Soysal Decision in which the European Court of Justice -who is considered as the “Supreme Court”- ruled that the visa applied to Turkish citizens by EU Member States is in contradiction with the essence of Article 41/1 of the Additional Protocol (also known as the “standstill” clause”).

    With this decision, the Court has ruled that Turkish businessmen can enter Germany without a visa if they fulfill the following conditions:
    - They live in Turkey and are traveling to Germany for business;
    - Their stay will not exceed 90 days;
    -They come to Germany to participate to an exhibition or to meet with companies located in Germany.

    For a long time, the Economic Development Foundation (IKV) has given a particular interest to the Schengen visa obligation endured by Turkish citizens. In this respect, IKV has tried to keep the visa issue on the agenda by bringing the various dimensions of this problem to daylight. Within this context, the ruling of Berlin Higher Administration Court was highly acknowledged by IKV.

    We must therefore not forget that the free movement of Turkish citizens in EU Member States was brought by Turkey-EU Association Law, Customs Union and the Decision of Demirel dated back to September 1987 and then extended with the Demirkan Decision in October 2013 and within more than fifty rulings of the European Court of Justice. The free movement of Turkish citizens in EU Member States has evolved constantly since the 1980s with the beginning of visa obligation until today towards its liberalization.

    In February 2009, with the Soysal Decision, the European Court of Justice has confirmed that the application of visa towards Turkish citizens was in contradiction with the essence of Article 41/1 (“standstill clause”) of the Additional Protocol.

    This decision still remains valid nowadays. Berlin Higher Administration Court has proved its validity once again after a period of five years.

    In this regard, following the Readmission Agreement signed between Turkey and EU on the 16th December 2013, we deem necessary to remind both parties briefly about the latest developments and to draw their attention on one crucial point:

    1. In parallel to the signature of the Readmission Agreement between Turkey and EU along with the Memorandum of Understanding of the visa liberalization dialogue, the visa dialogue has officially started with the EU in regards to the free movement of Turkish citizens.

    2. Following the long and animated discussions between Turkey and EU on the visa issue, not only a new impetus has been given to this process but also the European Commission has taken a new initiative by announcing couple of days ago to the public that the Schengen Visa Code implemented in 2010 will be “soften” and “eased”. This decision is also important for Turkish citizens.

    3. However;

    • The signature of the Readmission Agreement between Turkey and EU;
    • The launch of the visa dialogue for Turkish citizens wishing to travel to EU Member States;
    • The changes foreseen within the Schengen Visa Code by the European Commission;

    The rights obtained by Turkey from national courts of EU Member States and especially from the European Court of Justice cannot and should not be reversed.

    When analyzed this within this framework, the decision taken by Berlin Higher Administration Court on the 26th March 2014, it is essential to remind all parties that these legal rights cannot be ignored.

    MARCH 2014: IKV CHAIRMAN ÖMER CİHAD VARDAN’S MESSAGE FOR WOMEN’S DAY

    On the occasion of International Women’s Day, I would like to acknowledge all the work carried out since the establishment of our Republic that not only contributed in the expansion of women’s rights and freedoms, but also enhanced women’s participation in the workforce and the economy. I strongly support the goal of women’s equal involvement and full participation in social, economic and political life and reiterate the importance of the EU perspective of our country in attaining such a goal.

    On this occasion, I would like to celebrate International Women’s Day. The contribution and role of the women of Turkey in raising the level of development, living standards, and enrichment of every area of life in our country is immense. I am also relying on their increasing support to Turkey’s EU accession process.”

    FEBRUARY 2014: BULGARIA’S BLOCKAGE ON TRANSIT PASSAGE IS AGAINST THE CUSTOMS UNION AND THE WTO

    Bulgaria continues obstructing on illegal and unfair bases the Turkish trucks from entering its borders. Previously on the 7th October2013, all Turkish trucks were subject to arbitrary controls by Bulgarian authorities at the entry point of Bulgaria and fines between 1500 to 2000 euros were applied to all trucks for factitious and unfair reasons. As a result, due to the large number of vehicles trying to avoid this penalty by not entering the Bulgarian territory, trucks formed a kilometres-long queue in front of the border points.

    This time, Bulgaria handed over only 5.000 out of the 125.000 transit pass permits it was expected to give Turkish trucks for the first half of 2014 following an agreement signed by the Ministers of Transport of both countries. Moreover, the issue of the remaining transit pass permits has been placed under new conditions. The remaining permit will be issued only after a meeting is organized within the framework of Bulgarian-Turkish Commission on Road Transport. This delay creates an unfair competition against Turkish transporters which present on the other hand an advantage for Bulgarian transporters.  As a result, according to the data of the International Transporters Association, 50.000 out of the 60.000 export expedition between Turkey and Bulgaria are carried by Bulgarian vehicles and only 20 percent (i.e. 10.000) of the cargo is transported by the trucks of our country which is the owner of the freightage.

    This constitutes for Turkey an important obstacle not only to reach Europe via land route but also to export its goods within the framework of the customs union.

    The established Customs Union between Turkey and the EU prohibits all customs duties, quantitative restrictions duties and quantitative restrictions applied to trade in industrial goods between both parties as well as any other measures having equivalent effect. However these kinds of practices applied against Turkish transporters have an equivalent effect of obstructing trade and can be deemed as non-tariff barriers to free trade. It is without doubt that these practices go against the principles of a customs union.

    As it is well-known, the customs union covers the free movement of goods between parties and for this purpose, not only all kinds of custom and quantitative restrictions as well as measures having equivalent effect must be lifted but the transit of these goods in the countries who took part in the customs union must be allowed. (In other words, preventing the transit could be also considered as a quantitative restriction or as a measure which has an equivalent effect).

    The European Court of Justice has confirmed this in many of its decisions. According to the Court, “the Customs Union established by the EC Treaty necessarily implies that the free movement of goods between Member States should be ensured. That freedom could not itself be complete if it were possible for Member States to impede or interfere in any way with the movement of goods in transit. It is therefore necessary, as a consequence of the Customs Union and in the mutual interest of the Member States, to acknowledge the existence of a general principle of freedom of transit of goods within the Community” (Case C-115/02, Rioglass and Transmear, paragraph 18).

    Considering that in Article 66 which foresees that the decision 1/95 of the EC-Turkey Association Council that regulates the Customs Union between Turkey and the European Union should be interpreted within the framework of European Court of Justice’s decisions, this case law of the Court is also applied for the established Customs Union between Turkey and the European Union.

    On the other hand, these measures obstructing the transport and the quotas on transit contradict and violate not only the rules of the customs union but also those of the World Trade Organization. Article 5 of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) foresees the liberalization of the transit of goods between members of the WTO thus preventing the introduction of restriction against each other. Since the EU, its Member States and Turkey are members of the WTO, it goes without saying that the restrictions introduced to transit between these countries contravenes  GATT’s principles and rules. Besides, at the WTO Ministerial Conference that was held in Bali in December 2013, 159 Member states including Bulgaria also agreed on the following decision by making reference to Article 5 of GATT: “Any regulations or formalities in connection with traffic in transit imposed by a Member shall not (….) be applied in a manner that would constitute a disguised restriction on traffic in transit.” (Agreement on Trade Facilitation, Article 11: Freedom of Transit)

    Under these circumstances, this issue should without further delay be discussed within the Customs Union Joint Committee and the Association Council. However, this problem regarding the restrictions applied to shipping has been brought many times by Turkey without any result in return. A legal solution to the matter could be for companies who have suffered from this protectionism and measures which have equivalent effect to the customs duties, to bring before relevant Courts actions for damages. This lawsuit can be opened at the competent court of an EU Member State since these practices are applied in violation of the Association Agreement between Turkey and the European Union and the decision 1/95 of the EC-Turkey Association Council. It is the duty of national courts of EU Member states to refer such cases to the European Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling since the Turkey-EU Association Agreement constitutes one of the primary sources of EU law. It is also a probability that Turkey could file a complaint before the WTO and thus activate the dispute settlement mechanism since the restriction of freedom of transit on the part of Bulgarian authorities constitute a violation of Article 5 of GATT.

    The European Commission, an institution which is designated as “the guardian of the Treaties and EU law” must take the necessary legal action and to warn Bulgaria by inviting the authorities to take immediate action and lift these measures that contravene the basic principles and spirit of the customs union.

    FEBRUARY 2014: PRIME MINISTER ERDOGAN’S VISIT TO GERMANY

    Upon the invitation of German Chancellor Angela Merkel, Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan will pay an official visit to Germany on the 3rd and 4th February 2014. Prime Minister Erdoğan and Chancellor Merkel face a heavy agenda in this meeting which reveals to be of great importance since it is the first high level contact with Germany’s new coalition government. During Prime Minister Erdogan’s visit to Germany, the most important agenda item will undeniably be Turkey-EU relations when he will be meeting with Chancellor Merkel and Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier.

    The opening of a new chapter for negotiation after an intermission of almost three years, the signature of the Readmission Agreement and the launch of the Visa Liberalization Dialogue have given a new momentum to Turkey-EU relations. Prime Minister Erdoğan’s visit to Brussels in the beginning of 2014, French President Hollande’s visit to Turkey, President Abdullah Gül’s visit to Italy along with the official visit to Germany are a clear sign of Turkey’s determination to further pursue  this momentum witnessed in the EU negotiation process.

    Germany and Turkey are two countries in Europe which are tied to each other by strong bonds, owing to such important factors as the existence of citizens of Turkish origin residing in Germany whose number has surpassed three million, high level of economic and commercial relations, the presence in Germany of around hundred thousand Turkish entrepreneurs whose annual return is above 25 billion euros and the German wave of tourism in Turkey (over 5 million German tourists a year). Many important issues like the “strategic dialogue mechanism”, which was launched with the aim of introducing a corporate perspective and a strategic dimension to Turkish-German relations, will be tackled during the meeting that will be held between Prime Minister Erdogan and German Chancellor Merkel.  Furthermore, the problems encountered by residents of Turkish origin in Germany (such as citizenship rights and visa issues) as well as the economic and trade relations will be also discussed during the meeting. The leaders will also touch upon the situation of Syria after the Geneva-2 talks.

    German Chancellor Angela Merkel often expressed that she prefers a “privileged partnership” formula rather than Turkey’s full membership to the EU.  Although Chancellor Merkel respects the principle of “pacta sunt servanda” and does not take action to block progress in Turkey’s accession negotiations, the fact that she does not wholeheartedly support the process may be deemed as an important obstacle for Turkey’s EU aspiration. Despite this discouraging approach on the part of the German Chancellor, Turkey continues to respect the founding principles and values of the European Union. Furthermore, we must not forget that despite this negative approach, it was during Germany’s EU Presidency that highest number  of chapters –three- were opened to negotiation. , It is both for Turkey and Germany’s interest to accelerate the pace of the negotiation since Turkey will bring a dynamism to the EU economy, more effectiveness and relevance in the international arena, and more diversity and colour in the sphere of social and cultural life. No doubt, Turkey should continue the necessary reforms towards EU membership, and pursue with determination its political, social and economic transformation in the meantime.

    We, as İKV, hope that the meeting between Erdoğan and Merkel which is scheduled for the 3rd February will constitute a turning point where important decisions will be taken in respect to the multi-dimensional relations between Turkey and Germany as well as in the framework of Turkey’s EU accession process.

    JANUARY 2014: AFTER HOLLANDE’S VISIT - IS THE LILY AND THE CRESCENT COMING BACK TOGETHER?

    During his two-day official visit to Turkey, at a dinner organized in his honour at the Çankaya Palace, French President François Hollande, stated that “the history of Turkey-France relations goes back to the relations established between François I. and Suleiman the Magnificent. Back then the Franco-Ottoman alliance which was designated as "the sacrilegious union of the Lily and the Crescent” surprised everyone because it revealed to be a tremendously modern alliance. Even then, it was an alliance that went beyond the religious affiliations.”

    It is the first time in 22 years that a French President officially visited Turkey. Is President Hollande’s visit to Turkey, a sign of a new alliance between the Lily and the Crescent?

    Compared to the tense relations between the two countries during the Presidency of Sarkozy, Hollande’s approach towards Turkey is more moderate and the emphasis is given to the possible economic cooperation which can be interpreted as an improvement of the relations between Turkey and France.  However during his trip, Hollande has refrained from showing strong support to Turkey’s negotiation process and from making any commitments towards lifting the veto on the chapters that were blocked during Sarkozy’s Presidency. Nevertheless, President Hollande emphasized the importance of opening the chapters on fundamental rights and judiciary. The warnings made lately by the European Union concern the 23rd chapter, which may be opened in the near future. On the other hand, during his visit, Hollande mostly highlighted the economic dimensions of relations and the potential in further strengthening trade and investment relations between the two countries. In the speech he delivered at the Galatasaray University, President Hollande explained that despite the problems encountered in the negotiation process, “Turkey was already part of Europe”, thus drawing the importance of de facto integration between Turkey and other European countries.

    During Hollande’s Presidency, Turkey and France are expected to be closer not only in economic and political terms but also in Turkey’s EU accession process. This should be considered as a multidimensional process. Considering the complex and challenging structure of international relations, this situation should neither surprise nor despair anyone. As in the last years the position of France towards Turkey’s membership and the draft law on the so-called Armenian genocide have blown an icy air in the relations and hindered some important projects undermining economic relations; the latest joint venture initiatives covering topics from energy to transport, from tourism to food between the two countries will also have a positive impact at the political level. The aim of raising the trade volume between the two countries to 20 billion Euros as expressed by President Abdullah Gül will be followed with further investments, joint ventures and the establishment of new opportunities of economic cooperation with a view to access to  third countries.

    At the Turkish-French Business Forum to which both Presidents Gül and Hollande attended, TOBB Chairman M. Rıfat Hisarcıklıoğlu summarized the ties between the political atmosphere and economic relations: “(…) we have a request from our political leaders. Please remove the obstacles ahead of us. We, as the Turkish business community, encounter visa obstacles and transportation quotas which go in contradiction with the principle of the established customs union. In other words, we sell the goods, but we do not benefit from the freedom of movement. We want to send the goods, but we do not benefit from the freedom of transportation. As a result, this has some repercussions on both our trade volume and our enthusiasm to do business… This approach makes us all lose. For instance, until 2001, the French companies were the leading companies in Turkey. Nowadays, French investments have dropped to seventh place… France’s share in foreign investments decreased from 18 percent to 5 percent. At this point, we have to reverse the situation and become partners again. That’s why the visit of President Hollande is seen as an historical opportunity.”

    The fact that President Hollande considers Turkey as “an important partner as much as Japan, India and Brazil” is also quite significant since two of the aforementioned countries are from the BRICS countries and they are leading players in the global economy. For Turkey to be mentioned along with these rising powers, shows that the latest developments in Turkey’s economic and trade power are taken into account. On the other hand, the fact that Turkey is compared to these countries brings into mind the following questions: Is Turkey not a country which has harmonized two thirds of its economic legislation with the EU acquis, a country that established a Customs Union with the European Union and which is currently undergoing EU accession negotiations? As a country which perceived Europe as the centre of civilization since the Ottoman era and as a country which built its political and social system according to the model of the European nation state during the establishment of the Republic,  Turkey should be a  closer country to France than the other countries mentioned above. Not only Turkey is an important economic partner for France, but it should also be taken into account that Turkey is a country which aspires to be part of the European integration movement where France is present, and which aims to become a member state sharing the common destiny of Europe

    Returning to our initial question, depending on certain conditions, one may expect the establishment of a new alliance between the Lily and the Crescent. For France these conditions can be summarized as adopting a more constructive and open-to-dialogue approach which does not construct Turkey as the ‘other’ of Europe, which respects the pacta sunt servanda principle in the negotiation process. From Turkey’s perspective,  Turkey’s perception of France during the Sarkozy era could be summarized by referring to another symbol of France, the rooster. In this new era, Turkey’s perceptions of France could make a turn towards the other ancient symbol of France, the lily.

    In this new era, we hope that this new softer and non-offensive approach giving rise to new opportunities that came up with President Hollande’s visit will continue and that this will also have a positive impact on Turkey’s EU accession process.

    JANUARY 2014: FRENCH PRESIDENT FRANÇOIS HOLLANDE’S VISIT TO TURKEY

    French President François Hollande’s visit to Turkey is of utmost importance since it is the first official visit made by a French President after 22 years. France is undeniably one of the most influential countries in the European Union. Turkey’s EU accession process was seriously undermined when the previous French Presidency blocked the opening of five chapters to negotiations.  It is therefore important for Turkey to gain France’s support along with other member states in its aim of joining the European Union. It is without doubt that the lifting of the veto on the chapter of Regional Policy and Coordination of Structural Instruments under Hollande’s Presidency enabled the opening of this chapter last November thus giving a new impetus to Turkey’s EU accession negotiations.

    Establishing and maintaining  good relations based on mutual trust and cooperation between Turkey and Franceis important both for Turkey’s EU accession process and for ensuring stability in the Middle East and in the Mediterranean. In the past few years, the problems in political relations also affected the economic relations and restricted the realization of the full potential of trade and economic cooperation between the two countries. Elevating the political relations to a new level will pave the way for further economic cooperation and will give the opportunity to strengthen even more the already significant bilateral trade and investment relations. This will also encourage the two countries to work in joint projects in third countries.

    The recent developments such as the Arab Spring, Syrian civil war, increasing chaos and terror in the Middle East clearly revealed once again the importance of Turkey's EU perspective. The opening of a new negotiating chapter after a period of 3,5 years along with the signature of the Readmission Agreement and the launch of the visa liberalization dialogue has brought back the EU process on the agenda. It is imperative to emphasize once again the importance of the EU anchor for Turkey as well as the importance of Turkey for the European Union. Although the support shown by some EU Member States such as Sweden, the United Kingdom and Poland for Turkey’s EU membership perspective is very valuable, it is crucial for Turkey to gain also the support of a country like France which has played an important role in shaping the EU integration process from the very beginning.

    Turkey with its dynamic economy, entrepreneurial business people as well as its young and active labour force is a unique partner for the European Union in its search to adapt to global trends and achieve and industrial renaissance. Turkey’s membership will facilitate the realization of the EU’s aims in the new era such as economic growth, flexibility of business environment and the creation of new employment opportunities. The inclusion of this partner in the EU decision-making process as a member state would contribute to reshaping the Union’s economy and  enabling the Union to become a more effective actor in the area of global governance. The importance of the EU accession process for the consolidation of democracy in Turkey, for the establishment of a culture of compromise by overcoming certain problems hampering the political functioning of the country and for the modernization of the economic infrastructure that will enable Turkey to become a more efficient actor in global economy should not be forgotten. France, a leading country in the EU,  should support the transformation of Turkey by encouraging Turkey’s integration to the European Union, a process which will greatly benefit both parties.